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1、形容词和副词一、 考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。 alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既
2、可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如: Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。(6)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式地点时间。如: WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.(7)频
3、度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前。(8)副词作定语,定语后置。如: Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+shape(形状)+age(年龄、时间)+color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目的)+名词。如:aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella, themansfirsttowinterestinglittleredFrenchoilpaitings(10)以-
4、ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、 brotherly 、 timely等。表愿意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词: deep深wide宽广high高low位置低 deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词: dead完全,绝对bedeadasleep deadly非常bedeadlytired pretty相当beprettycertainthat prettily漂亮地beprettily
5、dressed close近Dontsitclose. closely密切地Watchclosely! late晚、迟arrivelate,comelate lately最近Ihaventseenhimlately(recently).2、复合形容词的构成(1)形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的(2)形容词+形容词 red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的(3)形容词+现在分词 good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的(4)副词+现在分词 hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的(5)副词+过去分词
6、 hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的(6)名词+形容词 life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的(7)名词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的(8)名词+过去分词 snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的(9)数词+名词+ed four-storeyed4层楼的,three-legged3条腿的(10)数词+名词(名词用单数) ten-year10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面
7、相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如: XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu. Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as) highasthatone. MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou. Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用
8、法。对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如: Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如: Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfay等修饰。如:Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或
9、“一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如: Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.另注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如: Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother. Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越越”)。如:Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.不
10、与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如:Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在之前)等。HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。t
11、hat指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.倍数表达法。(A)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。Thenewbui9ldingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼
12、大三倍(高三倍)。(B)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(C)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有
13、表示比较范围的介词短语。如:ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree. Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.最高级可被序数词以及much、byfar、nearly、almost、bynomeans、notquite、notreally、nothinglike等词语所修饰。如: Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notnearly/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethebiggest. Howmuchdidtheseconmostexpensivehatcost?表示“最高程度”的形容词,如
14、excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如: Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”。如: Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost=very) Thefilmismostin
15、teresting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如:whoistheolderofthetowboys?在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the成为名词。如thepoor、therich等。(6)由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语。asmuchas+不可数名词数量。 Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons. Shecouldearnasmuchastendollarsaweek.asmanyas+可数名词数量多达 Ihaveasamanyassixteenreferrencebo
16、oks.asearlyas早在 AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.asfaras远到;就而知(论) Wemightgoasfaras(走到)thechurchandback. AsfarasIknow(就我所知),hehasbeentherebefore.may(might,could)aswell不妨、不如 Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.asascanbe到了最的程度,极其 Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.他们极其不可信。asasonecan
17、Hebegantorun,asfastashecould.asaspossible Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.(7)几组重要的词语辨析。very和much的区别。(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild,averycomplicatedproblem,一般的情况下,以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、verymuch/greatly等修饰。如:WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutT
18、om.IwasmuchamusedbyJacksattitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:veryinteresting/worrying/exicting。(D)too前用much或far,不用very。Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外,在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far。Theresfartoolittleopportunityforadventuethesedays.Wevegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.(E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:(a)修饰绝对意
19、义的形容词,一般不用very,而用quitecompletely、well、entirely。如:quitewrong(mistaken,sure)、completelydead、quiteimpossible、quiteperfect等。(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:quitealone,verymuchalone,wideawake,fastasleep,verymuchafraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:bewellworth,muchthesame,freezingcold,quitedifferent,terriblycold/frightening。
20、sothat与suchthat的区别。so+形容词/副词+thatso+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+thatso+many/much/little/few+名词+thatsuch+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+复数名词+that注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时,如somuchprogress、somanypeople、solittlefood、sofewapples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如:Thesearesuchli
21、ttleboysthattheycantdressthemselves.下列so的用法是错误的:soadiffcultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather。其他几组词的辨析。(A)ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”;before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(B)already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,a
22、lso多用于书面语,either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是,well作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好”,也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体,含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合,在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”,但hard通常指体力上困难;difficult则指智力或技能上的困难,困难程度大于ha
23、rd。它们都可作定语和表语。二、精典名题导解% 选择填空1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas解析:答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较asas句式中,如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时,该冠词须置于形容词之后,即形成“as+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析,不同的是观察视角不同,应注意培养发散思维。2.Itisalwaysdifficult
24、beinginaforeigncountry,_ifyoudontspeakthelanguage. A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially解析:答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义,结合语境进行分析。A项意为“极端地”;B项意为“自然地”;C项“基本上”;D项“尤其,特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲(它的)语言,在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。3.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis_knownforhisplaysA.thebestB.moreC.bette
25、rD.themost解析:答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系,抓住句子的隐藏信息,结合语境进行分析。根据句意,句中but后应有一词组bewellknownfor。同时,应注意到前后两个分句把professorWhite的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比,故应用well的比较级。三、专项训练 形容词1.Thisdictionaryis_ofthetwobooks.A.thickerB.thickestC.thickD.thethicker2._thehotelis,_theserviceshouldbe.A.Themoreexpensive;themorebetterB.Mor
26、eexpensive;thebetterC.Themoreexpensive;thebetterD.Moreexpensive;morebetter3.-Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?-Ithinkrecordsareoften_actualperformance.A.asgoodasorbetterthananB.asgoodorbetterthanaC.likegoodorbetterthananD.asgoodasanyother4.Illgettherebysix,if_.A.notsoonerB.nosoonerC.notmorequicklyD.noqu
27、ick5.Thebananastaste_andsell_.A.good;goodB.well;wellC.good;wellD.well;good6.Yourplanproved_.A.correctlyB.tocorrectC.tobecorrectedD.correct7.Wait!Ihave_totellyou.A.somethingofuseB.usefulsomethingC.somethingusefullyD.somethinguseful8.Theexperimentis_tobedoneagain.A.worthB.worthyC.worthyofD.worthof9._a
28、sthemathsproblemsis,Icanworkitout.A.DifficultB.DifficultyC.DifficultiesD.Thoughdifficult10.Mybrotheris_ateacher,heisalsoawriter.A.nomorethanB.morethanC.notmorethanD.lessthan11.Nowtheprisonerfelt_withoutherfamilynorherfriends.A.muchmorealoneB.farmorealoneC.verymorelonelyD.evenmorelonely12.-Whatcanwed
29、owiththeremainingmoney?-Wevegottobe_andbuyonlywhatweneed.A.reallyB.trueC.practicalD.practised13.Thisis_beautifulcityIveevervisited.A.themostB.veryC.theveryD.amost14.Ifeltso_thatIfell_atonce.A.sleepily;asleepB.sleepy;asleepC.sleepless;asleepD.sleepy;sleeping15.Youdbetterkeepthedoor_andthewindow_atnig
30、ht.A.shutting;openingB.shut;openingC.shut;openedD.shut;open16.Maryisa_prettygirlandTomisa_naughtyboy.A.rather;ratherB.fairly;fairlyC.fairly;ratherD.rather;fairly17.Aliceis_,althoughshesnotnearlyasold.A.astallassheB.astallasherC.astallashersD.tallasher18.Themusicsounds_.A.sweetandbeautifullyB.sweetly
31、andbeautifulC.sweetlyandbeautifullyD.sweetandbeautiful19.Thetwinslookvery_.A.likeB.alikeC.sameD.likely20.Mybrotheristhreeyears_thanI.A.smallerB.lessC.youngerD.elder21.Wehavetowaitforthe_notice.A.furtherB.fatherC.farD.farer22.Openyoureyes_noticeanyoneenteringtheroom.A.widelyB.wideC.morewideD.morewide
32、ly23.Thesunisbelievedtobe_themoon.A.verybiggerthanB.morebrighterthanC.muchlargerthanD.morebrightthan24.Africaisthesecond_continentintheworld.A.largeB.largerC.morelargeD.largest25.Thiskindofbikeischeaperthan_kindofbikeintheshop.A.otherB.anyotherC.anotherD.anyofthebikes26.ThisnewtypeofTVsetisverythin,
33、anditis_thanaone-hundred-pagebook.A.nothinnerB.nothickerC.notthinnerD.lessthan27.Mikeisstill_withhisworkashewaswhenIsawhimlast.A.morecarefulB.themostcarefulC.ascarefulD.ascarefully28.-Areyougoingtothefootballgame?-No,theticketsare_forme.A.terribleexpensiveB.somuchexpensiveC.fartooexpensiveD.highlyex
34、pensive29.Westillloveourteacher_.A.deepB.dearC.deeplyD.high30.YesterdayIboughtajacketbutitwas_small.A.alittletooB.toolittleC.verytooD.toovery31.Lastnightwemetwith_rainonourwayhomefromourfactory.A.aquiteheavyB.tooheavyaC.suchheavyaD.asoheavy32.Thelecturewasso_thatallthepeopleinthehallwere_.A.moving;e
35、xcitingB.moving;excitedC.moved;movingD.moved;moved33.Aftertheflood,nohouseinthevillage_.A.wasleftB.leftstandingC.remainedstandingD.wasremainedstood34.Theaccidentis_freshinmymemorythanwhenithappened.A.littleB.alittleC.nolessD.more35.Ithinkthisis_Icandoforyou.A.bestlyB.thebestC.betterD.good副词1.Thisone
36、is_toolarge,givemeasmallerone.A.fairlyB.veryC.soD.rather2.Dontgooutbecauseitisraining_.A.deeplyB.thicklyC.stronglyD.heavily3.Youllbelateforschoolifyoudontputonyourclothes_.A.quicklyB.fastC.soonD.rapidly4.Haveyoureturnedhimthebook_?A.stillB.yetC.alsoD.too5.PricesforthenewtypeDVDcanrun_500to1000dollar
37、s.A.sohighlytoB.sohighasC.ashighasD.ashighlyas6.ThisisthebestfilmIhave_seen.A.alwaysB.neverC.oftenD.ever7.Thereisonlyalittletimeleft.Wehadtorun_tocatchtheplane.A.hardB.hardlyC.stronglyD.well8._wegetupbefore10oclock.A.NeverB.SeldomC.SometimesD.Always9.Heusedhiscar_forgoingtotheshops.A.mostB.almostC.n
38、earlyD.mostly10.Yourgrandmotheris_toneedadoctor.A.tooillB.illenoughC.soillD.enoughill11.HesaidtheTVsetwas_thanhewanted.A.fairlylargerB.ratherlargerC.ratherlargeD.fairlylarge12.Idontknowhim_toaskforhelp.A.wellenoughB.goodenoughC.enoughsurelyD.enoughwell13.Thespeakersaid_nothingworthlisteningto.A.almo
39、stB.nearlyC.hardlyD.mostly14.John_toldhisteacherallaboutthematter.A.maybeB.probablyC.possiblyD.perhaps15.Ofallourschoolactivities,Ilikedancing_.A.mostB.bestofallC.bestD.allthebest16.Ourphysicsprofessorwent_twodaysago.A.toabroadB.inabroadC.totheabroadD.abroad17.-WhereisLiPing?-Heisworking_.A.upstairsB.inupstairsC.attheupstairsD.fortheupstairs18.Smokingissobadforhishealththathedoesntsmoke_.A.nolongerB.nomoreC.anylongerD.anymore19.Wemustleaveatonce,_wellmissthetrain.A.soB.thenC.otherwiseD.and20.Wedontknowmuchaboutmathematics_.A.tooB.neitherC.alsoD.either21.Heis_thinkingofhowtomakemoremoney.A.alw
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