高三总复习语法精讲精练---形容词、副词.doc

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1、形容词、副词一、形容词和副词的原级形容词和副词的原级即形容词、副词的原形形式，常用于very, so, quite, too之后。还用于句型as as ( 和一样)，以及 not so/asas （不如）。The coat is too expensive. 这件外套太贵了。The boy isnt as /so old as the girl. 这男孩不如女孩大。二、形容词和副词的比较级形容词和副词的比较级常用于两者间进行比较，其中一个比另一个“更”或 “较”。后用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或物。在上下文明确的情况下，形容词、副词的比较级也可单独使用。Im more outgoing

2、than my sister. 我比我姐外向。This book is old. Can you give me a newer one? 这本书旧，你能给我本更新的吗？(一) 形容词比较级形式的构成：情况改法例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词和少数双音节词比较级在词尾加er；最高级在词尾加esttallclevertallercleverertallestcleverest以e结尾的单音节词比较级在词尾加r；最高级在词尾加stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以重读闭音节结尾，且词末只有一个辅音字母的词比较级先双写词尾辅音字母，再加er；最高级先双写词尾辅音字母

3、，再加estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词比较级改y为i加er；最高级改y为i加esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest两个或两个以上音节的词比较级在词前加more；最高级在词前加mostusefulpopularexpensivemore usefulmore popularmore expensivemost usefulmost popularmost expensive常见形容词比较等级的不规则变化表原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbe

4、stbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostfewfewerfewestlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意：far 的两个比较级有所不同：farther 强调距离的远； further 强调程度的深。We cant go any farther steps. 我们不能再走更远的距离了。Lets have a further study. 让我们做一下更深的研究。old的两个比较级的不同：older 指年龄的大小；elder 指亲兄弟、姐妹间的长

5、幼关系。My elder brother is two years older than I. 我哥哥比我大两岁。(二)形容词和副词比较级的用法：用 法例 句比较级之前加much, far, a lot, a bit, a little, even, still等词修饰，表示“一方比另一方”，用以加强语气。She is a little fatter than me.她比我稍胖点。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越（怎么样）”When the winter is coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了天气越来越冷了。“The+比较级+句子，the+比

6、较级+句子”表示“越（怎么样）就越（怎么样）”The more we have, the more we want.我们拥有的越多，我们就想要的越多。“the+比较级+of the two”表示“两个中比较的”The apple is the bigger of the two.这个苹果是两个中比较大的。名词+介词短语+be+比较级+than +that(those) +介词短语。The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的热。“比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示“比其他的任何都”China

7、 is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。表示“大几岁、高多少”等时，常用“数量词+比较级+ than”句型。She is three years older than I.她比我大三岁。“Which/Who is+比较级，A or B?”Which is easier, English or Chinese?英语和汉语，哪个容易？注意：1) 比较的对象必须一致，但不重复。My flower is nicer than yours. () My flower is nicer than you. () 我的花比你的漂亮。2

8、) 比较的双方必须在同一范围内。Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其它的城市大。如不在同一范围内比较，则不用other。Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任一城市都大。3) 原级与比较级的互换She is not as old as I. = She is younger than I. = Im older than she.她不如我大。（她比我小； 我比他大。）三、形容词和副词的最高级形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上间的比较，且形容词最高级级前一定

9、加the，副词最高级前可省略the。但形容词最高级有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格或专有名词修饰时，不用定冠词the。形容词和副词的最高级通常有一个比较范围，常用介词of , in 引导。of 表示比较的对象属于同一范畴；in则表示不属于同一范畴。He is the tallest student of the three. 他是三个中最高的学生。（他属于学生）He is the tallest student in his class. 他是他班中最高的学生。（他在班级范围内） 形容词和副词最高级的用法：用法例句表示“最之一”用one of +最高级+名词复数。China is one of

10、 the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。表示“第几”，用 the+序数词+ 最高级（不再加the）。 This book is the third most interesting of all.这本书在所有的中是第三大有趣的。Which/ Who + is + 最高级，A, B or C?Which is the biggest, the moon, the sun or the earth? 哪个最大，月球，太阳还是地球？可以用much, by far , very等程度副词修饰，但放在定冠词the 之前。It is much/

11、by far the most beautiful scenery in Europe.它是欧洲最美丽的风景。形容词最高级有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格或专有名词修饰时，不用定冠词the。This is his latest movie. 这是他最近的一部电影。形容词最高级与比较级的转换：Henry is the tallest boy in his class. = Henry is taller than any other boy in his class. =Henry is taller than any of the other boys in his class. = Henr

12、y is taller than all of the other boys in his class. = No other boy is taller than Henry in his class. 海伦是他班中的最高的男孩。注：含有否定词的比较级，如(1)no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于”not less than=at least “至少”(2)no less than =asas “和一样” not less原级than “至少不亚于”(3)no morethan=notany more than “和一样不” not morethan=no

13、t soas “不像那样”(4)no more than=only “只不过”，言其少 not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”形容词变副词规律小结 规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycareless-carelesslyquiet-quietlydifferent-differently以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible-possiblyterrible-terriblycomfortable-comfortablygentle-gentlysimple-simply以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy-easilyangry-angrilynoi

14、sy-noisilyhappy-happilyheavy-heavilyhealthy-healthily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast-fastearly-earlyhigh-highhard-hardlate-latefar-farwide-widealone-alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good-well虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendlylivelylovelylonelyLikely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)-wide(副词，睁大地

15、)/widely(副词，广泛地),late(形容词，晚的)-late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)-high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly way“用一种友好的方式”。如：He smiled at me in a friendly way.excitedexcitedly 容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错polite

16、politely不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely, 补充1、以 -able或者 -ble结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly，capablecapably，sensiblesensibly，comfortablecomfortably，visiblevisibly等。2、 以 -ue或者 -le结尾的形容词，去掉e再加-ly。例如：truetruly，dueduly，wholewholly，gentlegently，cuddlecuddly等。比较以下三句，虽然表达形式不同，但含义相同

17、：1. This rope is three times as long as that one. 这根绳子是那根的三倍长。2. This rope is three times longer than that one. 这根绳子是那根的三倍长。3. This rope is three times the length of that one. 这根绳子是那根的三倍长。用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.2. Mobile phone

18、s are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.3. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).4. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie as

19、ked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9. The earth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.单项选择1. Bob never does his homework _Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.Asocarefulas Bascar

20、efullyasCcarefulas Das carefulas 2. I feel _better than yesterday. Amore Bvery Cthe Dfar3. China has a larger population than _in the world.Aall the countries B everycountry Canycountry D any othercountry4. This book is _ on the subject.Athe much best Bvery much best Cmuchthebest D very thebest5. Th

21、e sick boy is getting _day by day .Aworse B bad C badly D worst6. This sweater looks _and sells_.Awell, well Bgood,nice Cnice, good Dnice,well7. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _with me .Asad Bpleased Cangry Dsorry8. I didnt go shopping yesterday .He didnt ,_.Aso B either C too Dneit

22、her9. _delicious the food is !AHow BHowa CWhat DWhat a10. -What animals do you like_? -I like pandas.A. better B best Cvery D well11. It is _cold today.Amuch Bvery much Cmuchtoo Dtoo much12. -Remember this, children ._careful you are,_ mistakes you will make.-We know, Miss Gao.AThe more,the more BTh

23、efewer,themoreC The more, thefewer DThe less,the less13We are going to do our work better with _ money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. less, less C. fewer, fewer D. fewer, less 14. The boy is _ than his brother. A. two years older B. two years elder C. two-year older D. two-year elder 15. On the moo

24、n, things arent _ they are on the earth. A. so heavy as B. as heavier as C. as heavy than D. heavy than 16. Tom is the best student in his class. He is _ than any of his classmates. A. more cleverer B. much cleverer C. much more cleverer D. much clever 17. There are many students in this classroom b

25、ut there are _ students in that one. A. many B. more C. much D. more many 18. There is _ milk in my cup than in your cup. A. little B. less C. few D. fewer 19. Im 1.70 meters _. A. high B. higher C. tall D. taller 20. The film is _, but the old arent _ in it. A. interesting, interested B. interested

26、, interesting C. interesting, interesting D. interested, interested 21. Father is _ to go to work. A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well 22. Is there _ in this book? A. something interesting B. interesting something C. anything interesting D. interesting anything 23. Is his han

27、dwriting _ as hers? A. so good B. so well C. as good D. as well 24. Lu Xun is one of _ in China. A. best writers B. the best writer C. best writer D. the best writers25. (2009重庆) Were happy that our country has developed _ these years than before.A. quickly B. less quickly C. more quickly D. most qu

28、ickly26. (2009广州) The boy doesnt speak _ his sister, but his written work is very good.A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than27. (2009广东) The Changjiang River is the _river in China.A. long B. longest C. short D. shortest形容词用所给词正确形式填空：1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest形容词选择题答案：1-5 BDDCA 6-10 DBBAB 11-15 CCACA 16-20 BBBAA 21-25 CACBC 26-27 AB