主谓一致课件(非常适合上课用)资料.ppt

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1、主谓一致主谓一致(yzh)AGREEMENT第一页，共87页。Useful structures语法详解：语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式即主语的人称和单复数形式(xngsh)(xngsh)决定决定着谓语动词对应的形式着谓语动词对应的形式(xngsh)(xngsh)。第二页，共87页。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisa

2、reFinish the following exercises:第三页，共87页。Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know第四页，共8

3、7页。主谓一致主谓一致(yzh)主要有以下几种情况：主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词(dic)作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情谓语动词有以下两种情况：况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致一、语法一致(yzh)原则原则are第五页，共87页。(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个但如

4、果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物人或物,或者或者(huzh)指同一概念的时候指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。谓语要用单数。第六页，共87页。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演(bioyn)。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。isis第七页，共87页。2.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式或主语从句形式或主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般谓语动词一般(ybn)用单数。用单数。W

5、hen he is coming _ very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her _ not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis第八页，共87页。3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行在从句中作主语时，要与先行(xinxng)词的人称和数保持一致。词的人称和数保持一致。Those who_

6、singing may join us.Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.enjoyis第九页，共87页。4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用语连用(linyng),谓语动词的数随主语谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：的变化而变化。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the

7、 street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。is第十页，共87页。Mr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with,along with第十一页，共87页。1.either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型句型(j xn)中中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。致。二、就近二、就近(jijn)原原则则Ne

8、ither you nor I _ wrong.There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis第十二页，共87页。Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.wishes第十三页，共87页。三、概念一致三、概念一致(yzh)原原则则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语所谓概念一致原则是指谓语(wiy)动词动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数,但在意义

9、上却是复数；有的主语但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单但在意义上却是单数。数。第十四页，共87页。1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语谓语(wiy)动词视情况而动词视情况而定。定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果所有的苹果(pnggu)都烂了。都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果整个苹果(pnggu)都烂了。都烂了。are is第十五页，共87页。None of the money_ left.没有没有(mi yu)剩下一点钱。剩下一点钱。N

10、one of the students _ there.没有没有(mi yu)学生在那里。学生在那里。is is第十六页，共87页。None None 和和 neither neither 有时有时(yush)(yush)当作单数看当作单数看待，有时待，有时(yush)(yush)当作复数看待，主要根据当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。Neither of them _(know)how to tea

11、ch English.None of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/know knows/know第十七页，共87页。第十八页，共87页。2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中在句子中加名词作主语的时候加名词作主语的时候(sh hou),谓语动谓语动词与词与of后面的名词保持一致。后面的名词保持一致。第十九页，共87页。Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生一半的学生(xu she

12、ng)已经完成了他们已经完成了他们的作文。的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生大约百分之六十的学生(xu sheng)是男生是男生.haveisare第二十页，共87页。3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可以也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定用复数。主要由句子的意思决定(judng)。强调整体谓语动词用单数；。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一

13、类动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。第二十一页，共87页。His family _going out.他们他们(t men)全家要外出。全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们他们(t men)全家人都是音乐爱好者。全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 第二十二页，共87页。4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数(fsh),谓语动词谓语动词应用复数应用复数(fsh)

14、。people指指“民族民族”时是例时是例外。外。The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare第二十三页，共87页。5.复合不定代词复合不定代词(dic)作主语作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数，如单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone_ asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。No

15、thing _ found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis第二十四页，共87页。6.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但当但当它们被它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语谓语(wiy)动词用单数。如动词用单数。如:The shoes _ worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。The pair of shoes _ worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。areis第二十五页，共87页。名词如名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasse

16、s,trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissorsscissors以及以及clothes,goodsclothes,goods等做主语，谓等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰修饰(xish)(xish)时，谓动用单数。时，谓动用单数。第二十六页，共87页。7.某些名词某些名词(mng c)以以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓等，谓语动词应用单数。语动词应用单数。8.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。Phys

17、ics is a very interesting subject.第二十七页，共87页。8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连接连接(linji)的单数名词的单数名词,整个短语在句中作整个短语在句中作主语时主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.is第二十八页，共87页。班级中的每个男孩班级中的每个男孩(nn hi)女孩都很用功。女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl

18、 in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.第二十九页，共87页。9.以以a number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语谓语(wiy)动词用复数动词用复数;以以the number of 作主语作主语时时,谓语谓语(wiy)动词用单数。动词用单数。A number of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.areis第三十页，共87页。10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主作主语的时候语的时候,其谓语动词

19、由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定(judng),这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means _ useful.不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _ useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare第三十一页，共87页。11.many a,more than one,one and a half与与单数名词组成单数名词组成(z chn)的短语的短语,谓语用谓语用单数。单数。Many a boy _ seen it.许多孩子都看到了。

20、许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years _ not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.hasis第三十二页，共87页。1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这这种书种书),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;短语短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语口语(kuy)(这一类人这一类人),

21、但但this kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓语用复数的谓语用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形谓语用复数形式。例如：式。例如：应该注意的几个应该注意的几个(j)问题问题:第三十三页，共87页。This kind of men _ dangerous.Men of this kind _dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与谓语动词的数应与其后的主语其后的主语(zhy)一致。例如一致。例如:Between the two w

22、indows _ a picture.isarehangs第三十四页，共87页。3.“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成构成(guchng)的短语以及由的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词名词”构成构成(guchng)的短的短语作主语时语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如面的量词是修饰语

23、。例如:第三十五页，共87页。Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About threefourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Threefifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词名词复数复数(fsh)”。但是。但是,“the number of+名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：。试比较：wasisare第三十六页，共87页。A number of students _ gone to t

24、he countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis第三十七页，共87页。注意注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词,其短语其短语(duny)作主语时作主语时,谓语动谓语动词用单数。词用单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is第三十八页，共87页。quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语其短语作主语作主语(zhy)

25、时时,谓语动词一般用复数。例谓语动词一般用复数。例如如:Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.短语短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为意为“大大量量”;in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。were第三十九页，共87页。4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰修饰(xish)不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓谓语动词通常用单数语动词通常用单数;large amounts of 修修饰饰(xish)不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作

26、主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如谓语动词通常用复数。例如:第四十页，共87页。A large amount of(A great deal of)damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere第四十一页，共87页。5.表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后,名词名词(mng c)要用复数形式要用复数形式,但是其短语但是其短语作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例谓语动词用单数形式。例如：如：One and a half bananas _ left

27、on the table.is第四十二页，共87页。6.如果主语如果主语(zhy)由由“the+形容词形容词(或过去分或过去分词词)”结构担任时结构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等等;但也有少数的但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。则用单数。

28、例如：例如：第四十三页，共87页。The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者死者)_ a wellknown engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词(mng c)man,person 或表示人或表示人的单数连用。例如的单数连用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.studywas第四十四页，共87页。主谓一致(yzh)练习第四十五页，共87页。1.Now Tom with his classmates _ footba

29、ll on the playground.A.play B.are playingC.plays D.is playing2.Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A.are B.is C.were D.be第四十六页，共87页。3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/theirC.will buy the book/ones D.wants to have the bo

30、ok bought/her4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left第四十七页，共87页。5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand6.Shall I wait here for three hours?Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A.are no

31、t very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too long for you第四十八页，共87页。7.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting8.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is

32、 hersC.are hers D.are her第四十九页，共87页。9.What we need _good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has第五十页，共87页。10._ has been done.A.ninetynine percents of the work B.Half of what he promised C.Twofifths of the articles D.Three quarter of the business 第五十一页，共87页。Supplementary Exercises第五十二页，共87页。Multiple choice

33、:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all

34、.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known第五十三页，共87页。6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 8.Not only I but a

35、lso Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C

36、.has not decided D.have not decided 第五十四页，共87页。高考高考(o ko)链接链接1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;haveB第五十五页，共87页。精析：精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名后面要接复数名词，所以词，所以A不能作为答案。因为不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填是单

37、数，所以要填 has。这。这句话的意思是句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果毁坏森林的结果(ji gu)是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案答案 B第五十六页，共87页。2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000)A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,areC第五十七页，共87页。精析精析:分数的分子用基数词分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词分母用序数词表示表示.如果分子大于如果分子大于1,分母序数词后分母

38、序数词后加加s.分数和百分比作主语时分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词名词.句子句子(j zi)中的主语中的主语 land是单数是单数,所以谓语动词要用所以谓语动词要用is covered.答案答案C.第五十八页，共87页。3 Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.So do I.（全国（全国(qun u)1998）A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hopeA第五十九页，共87页。精析：

39、这句话的主语是精析：这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语选作谓语(wiy)。现在分词短语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填当成了主语，填写了写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案大学。我也是。答案 A。第六十页，共87页。4._ people in the world

40、 are sending information by email every day.（上海（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many millionA第六十一页，共87页。精析精析:在在million前如果有具体的数字或前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与一般不与 million等词连用等词连用.表表示示“数百万数百万”，英语为，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“每天，世界每天，世界(shji)上有几十万人通过上

41、有几十万人通过 email传传递信息。递信息。”答案答案 A。第六十二页，共87页。5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96)A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;wereC第六十三页，共87页。6.The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.(MET92)A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises the num

42、ber of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，作主语，表示表示的数目的数目(数量数量)，谓语，谓语(wiy)动动词用单数；词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，表示作主语，表示许多许多，谓语，谓语(wiy)动词用复数。动词用复数。C第六十四页，共87页。7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84)A.have B.has C.have been D.has beenD第六十五页，共87页。9.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.(M

43、ET90)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offeredA第六十六页，共87页。10.Email,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海上海99)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playA第六十七页，共87页。11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(MET86)A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known12.All but

44、one _ here just now.(MET87)A.is B.was C.has been D.wereDB第六十八页，共87页。13.Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海上海94)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outD第六十九页，共87页。14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one

45、examination after another.(MET87)A.is B.are C.am D.beB第七十页，共87页。15.She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海上海94)A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying wellB第七十一页，共87页。16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海上海2002春

46、春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has beenD第七十二页，共87页。17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000)A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;areC分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+名词名词作主语作主语(zhy)时时,谓语动词的数与名词的数谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。一致。第七十三页，共87页。18.When and where to build the new factor

47、y _ yet.(MET91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decidedA动名词、不定式或从句动名词、不定式或从句(cn j)作作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。第七十四页，共87页。倒装句及倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词句型中，谓语动词往往往往(wngwng)与最邻近的一个主语与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon.(MET92)A.is said to have B.are said to have

48、 C.is said to be D.are said to beC第七十五页，共87页。20.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海上海98)A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hopedBeither/neither/each+of+复数复数(fsh)名名词词作主语，谓语动词用单数。作主语，谓语动词用单数。第七十六页，共87页。21.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.(NME

49、T95)A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;grasses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafsA第七十七页，共87页。22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海上海2000春春)A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been usedC第七十八页，共87页。单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表

50、示单数意义时，谓语一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语(wiy)用单数；反之，谓语用单数；反之，谓语(wiy)用用复数形式。这类名词有：复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段方法、手段),works(工厂工厂),species(种类种类)第七十九页，共87页。过关落实过关落实1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are