最新妇科急腹症1PPT课件.ppt
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1、妇科急腹症妇科急腹症1 1 ectopic pregnancy extrauterine pregnancytorsion of the ovarian pedicle twisted ovarian cystsacute pelvic inflammatory diseasea ruptured ovarian lutiaEndomitriosisFACTORS 输卵管结构异常输卵管结构异常 受精卵行走异常受精卵行走异常 Pelvic inflammatory disease Advancing age Tubal surgery DES exposure Previous ectopic,
2、repeated IVF and ovulation induction Previous termination 经宫腔或腹腔向对侧经宫腔或腹腔向对侧 of pregnancy 输卵管移行输卵管移行 输卵管发育不良或功能异常输卵管发育不良或功能异常 smokesmoke IUD IUD Intrauterine device usage 肌瘤,卵巢肿物,肌瘤,卵巢肿物,EMEMSalpingitisadhesions of the tubal wall,retards the passage of the fertilized egg Ectopic pregnancy。输卵管的变化输卵管的
3、变化部位部位 壶腹部壶腹部 峡部峡部 间质部间质部解剖解剖 管腔宽管腔宽 窄窄 较窄较窄肌层肌层 较厚较厚 薄薄 很厚很厚停经停经 8-12周周 6周周 4个月个月表现表现 流产流产 破裂破裂 破裂破裂abdominal pain of ectopic pregnancytubal rupture:sharp colicky paintubal abortion:tubal abortion:隐痛、胀痛隐痛、胀痛伴随症状伴随症状Straining at stoolStraining at stoolfaintness and shockfaintness and shockamenorrhea
4、 or menstrual amenorrhea or menstrual period delayedperiod delayedspotting type bleedingspotting type bleeding掉出蜕膜管型掉出蜕膜管型子宫的变化:子宫的变化:子宫稍大子宫稍大内膜蜕膜反应内膜蜕膜反应胚胎死亡:蜕膜剥离胚胎死亡:蜕膜剥离出血出血Arias-Stell反应反应sumerize the SymptomsLower abdominal pain and Abnormal uterine bleeding approximately 1-2 weeks after the mis
5、sed menstrual period“异位妊娠最容易诊断,异位妊娠异位妊娠最容易诊断,异位妊娠最不易诊断最不易诊断”体检体检 *全身:贫血貌,面色苍白,血压下降,全身:贫血貌,面色苍白,血压下降,脉搏弱,快。四肢冰冷;脉搏弱,快。四肢冰冷;*腹部:拒按,腹膜刺激征,全腹压痛、腹部:拒按,腹膜刺激征,全腹压痛、反跳痛重,肌紧张轻反跳痛重,肌紧张轻(tenderness,rebound tenderness and muscular rigidity),移动性浊音()移动性浊音()*妇科:后穹隆饱满,宫颈着色,举痛,妇科:后穹隆饱满,宫颈着色,举痛,摇摆痛,子宫略大,软,可有飘浮感,摇摆痛,子
6、宫略大,软,可有飘浮感,一侧附件区触及不规则包块,压痛明显。一侧附件区触及不规则包块,压痛明显。内科内科 外科外科急性胃肠炎急性胃肠炎 阑尾炎阑尾炎中毒性痢疾中毒性痢疾 肠梗阻肠梗阻 输尿管结石输尿管结石 胆囊炎胆囊炎 脾破裂脾破裂辅助检查辅助检查Urine pregnancy test-may be negative,(Serial serum B-hCG testing)hCG(Human Chorionic )hCG(Human Chorionic gonadotropin),gonadotropin),culdocentesisculdocentesis:抽出血,抽出血,1515分钟不
7、凝固。分钟不凝固。Ultrasound :宫腔空虚宫腔空虚,输卵管部位出现妊娠囊和输卵管部位出现妊娠囊和异常回声团,子宫前、后有液性暗区可助诊。异常回声团,子宫前、后有液性暗区可助诊。子宫内膜:为排除宫内妊娠流产,可刮宫。送病理。子宫内膜:为排除宫内妊娠流产,可刮宫。送病理。血常规,血常规,HbHb进行性下降。可以血液浓缩。进行性下降。可以血液浓缩。腹腔镜:是腹腔镜:是Gyneacology Acute Abdomen诊断和治疗手诊断和治疗手段,可进可退。段,可进可退。Samecaseasabove.Detailedviewofectopic.Ultrasound showing uterus
8、 and tubal pregnancySameimage.Uterusoutlinedinred,uterineliningingreen,ectopicpregnancyyellow.Fluidinuterusatbluecircle-sometimescalledapseudosacSameimage.Tubalpregnancycircledinred,4.5mmfetalpole(betweencursors)ingreen,pregnancyyolksacblue.anothercase新婚夫妇acuteabdominalpain,vomitting,肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛不明显B超
9、盆腔里有个占位torsion of the ovarian pedicle twisted ovarian cysts 卵巢囊肿蒂扭转卵巢囊肿蒂扭转Torsion of the ovarian pedicle twisted ovarian cysts 好发因素好发因素瘤蒂长:游离瘤蒂长:游离,活动度大活动度大中等大小:约中等大小:约7 71010cmcm重心偏的肿瘤重心偏的肿瘤病病 理理静静脉脉回回流流受受阻阻肿肿瘤瘤充充血血 肿肿瘤瘤坏坏死死 血血 管管 破破 裂裂 动动 脉脉 受受 阻阻 破破 裂裂 瘤瘤体体增增大大 感感染染 瘤内出血瘤内出血?卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的腹痛卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的腹痛*
10、突发一侧下腹剧疼(突发一侧下腹剧疼(sudden excruciating pain),阵发性加重,与阵发性加重,与体位改变有关。体位改变有关。*伴随症状伴随症状3伴恶心,呕吐,腹膜牵引绞窄所致。伴恶心,呕吐,腹膜牵引绞窄所致。3伴腰疼伴腰疼3可能有卵巢肿瘤的病史可能有卵巢肿瘤的病史体检体检*全身:急性痛苦面容,但血压正常全身:急性痛苦面容,但血压正常*腹部:软,腹膜刺激征局限于下腹腹部:软,腹膜刺激征局限于下腹一侧,压痛重,一侧,压痛重,反跳痛和肌紧张轻或反跳痛和肌紧张轻或者无。者无。*妇科:妇科:子宫一侧可扪及肿物,张力子宫一侧可扪及肿物,张力大,与子宫之间压痛明显(蒂)。大,与子宫之间压
11、痛明显(蒂)。辅助检查辅助检查 B B超示附件区肿物超示附件区肿物acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID)Pelvic inflammatory disease(PID)is the term used to describe an infection of any of a womans pelvic organs,including the uterus,ovaries or fallopian tubes.Acute PID comes on suddenly and is a
12、pt to be more severe.PID is caused by bacteria.产后或流产后感染产后或流产后感染or certain operations,such as a dilation and curettage(D and C)which cause the cervix opening to the uterus,to widen temporarily intrauterine device(IUD)for contraception通液术、造影术、宫腔镜通液术、造影术、宫腔镜Douching also increases the risk of PIDinterc
13、ourse during menstrual period.阑尾炎,腹膜炎阑尾炎,腹膜炎慢性盆腔炎急性发作慢性盆腔炎急性发作病病 理理黏膜:急性子宫内膜炎黏膜:急性子宫内膜炎肌层:急性子宫肌炎肌层:急性子宫肌炎 急性输卵管炎,输卵管积脓,输卵管卵巢脓肿急性输卵管炎,输卵管积脓,输卵管卵巢脓肿浆膜:卵管周围炎浆膜:卵管周围炎 急性盆腔结缔组织炎急性盆腔结缔组织炎腹膜:急性盆腔腹膜炎腹膜:急性盆腔腹膜炎全身:败血症及脓毒血症全身:败血症及脓毒血症Symptoms with acute pelvicinflammatorydisease 两侧下腹或下腹持续性顿痛,逐渐加重。两侧下腹或下腹持续性顿痛,
14、逐渐加重。伴随症状伴随症状 伴发烧,体温伴发烧,体温3838c c以上,或低热。以上,或低热。伴脓白带,有臭味。伴脓白带,有臭味。any abnormal menstrual bleeding or a vaginal discharge 伴局部压迫刺激症状,前方膀胱刺激症状,伴局部压迫刺激症状,前方膀胱刺激症状,后方直肠刺激症状后方直肠刺激症状 有宫腔操作的手术史,或经期产后不卫生。有宫腔操作的手术史,或经期产后不卫生。体体 检检*全身:全身:often accompanied by fever.*腹部:腹膜刺激征。腹部:腹膜刺激征。*妇妇科科:宫宫颈颈举举痛痛,摇摇摆摆痛痛,宫宫口口有有脓
15、脓性性分分泌泌物物,子宫略大,压痛,双附件增厚,压痛子宫略大,压痛,双附件增厚,压痛*Diagnostic and Test Procedures4 血象:血象:WBCWBC高,中性粒细胞比例高;高,中性粒细胞比例高;4 尿妊娠试验();尿妊娠试验();*ultrasound to help with the diagnosis.*a cotton swab to determine which organism is causing the infection.Expesially a gonococcus*a laparoscopic exam treatments of Gyneacol
16、ogic Acute Abdomen(1)紧急手术:紧急手术:异位妊娠破裂异位妊娠破裂salpingectomy salpingectomy 卵巢囊肿蒂扭转卵巢囊肿蒂扭转巧囊破裂巧囊破裂黄体破裂休克黄体破裂休克脓肿破裂脓肿破裂treatments of Gyneacologic Acute Abdomen(2)暂缓手术:暂缓手术:异位妊娠流产异位妊娠流产 salpingectomysalpingectomy or or Conservative surgical treatmentConservative surgical treatment壶腹部切开取出壶腹部切开取出伞部挤压出伞部挤压出ex
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