现代大学英语精读笫三册lesson0.ppt

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1、n现代大学英语精读笫三册lesson0n Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 nWhere there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Unit 10Diogenes and Alexander(left)Alexander;(right)Gordian KnotAlexander the GreatwA brilliant tactician and leader,but could also be ruthless and cruelwSleep with Iliad under his pillow,i

2、dentify himself with AchilleswWar against Persia in 334 BC:TroyEgypt Babylon defeated Persian king Darius and Married the Persian princess India died of fever Plato,ancient Greek philosopherwAcademy,near Athens,the most influential school of the ancient world,Aristotle being his famous pupilwHis wor

3、k is in the form of epistles(letters)and dialogueswEarly works:the Apology,presenting Socrates in conversations that illustrate his major ideas-the unity of virtue and knowledge and of virtue and happinesswMiddle works:the Republic,discussing the relationship between the soul,the state,and the cosmo

4、swLater works:the Laws and Parmenides,containing treatises on law,mathematics,technical philosophic problems,and natural sciencePlatos TeachingwPlato regarded the rational soul as immortal,and he believed in a world soul and a Demiurge造物主,the creator of the physical world.He argued for the independe

5、nt reality of Ideas,or Forms,as the immutable archetypes of all temporal phenomena and as the only guarantee of ethical standards and of objective scientific knowledge.Virtue consists in the harmony of the human soul with the universe of Ideas,which assure order,intelligence,and pattern to a world i

6、n constant flux.Supreme among them is the Idea of the Good,analogous to the sun in the physical world.Only the philosopher,who understands the harmony of all parts of the universe with the Idea of the Good,is capable of ruling the just state.Aristotle,ancient Greek philosopherwAt the age of eighteen

7、 Aristotle came to Athens from Macedonia in the north for the purpose of studying with Plato.Although he was an original thinker who made great contributions of his own,he remained a student in Platos Academy for twenty years.his own school Lyceumwan original and deep thinker,an observer,an organize

8、r,a systematizer of knowledge.He laid the foundation of all sciences and philosophies by defining and classifying the various branches of knowledge:Psychology,Metaphysics,Politics,Rhetoric and Logic.Hercules(Roman name);Heracles(Greek name)wA hero noted for his strength and courage and 12 laborswAs

9、a baby,strangle two serpents sent by Hera;as a young man,cloak-the skin of a lion,helmetits head;conquer a tribe and marry the princess of Thebes;in a fit of madness sent by Hera,kill his wife and 3 children,then told by the oracle at Delphi to perform 12 labors:wKill a lion that could not be wounde

10、d by any weapon;kill a monster in the swamp that has 9 heads,one immortal;capture alive a stag雄鹿 with golden horns and bronze hoofs sacred to Artemis狩猎神;capture a great boar公猪;Twelve labors of Hercules(continued)wclean up in one day the 30 years of accumulated filth of the Augean stables;drive off a

11、 huge flock of man-eating birds with bronze beaks,claws and wings;capture a mad bull that Poseidon海神 had sent to terrorize Crete克里特岛;bring back the man-eating mares of Diomedes;get the girdle腰带 of Queen Hippolyta;capture the oxen of the 3-headed monster Geryon;support the world on his shoulders whil

12、e Atlas helps him fetch the golden apples of Hesperides金苹果乐园;bring back the 3-headed dog Cerberus from the lower world with the permission of Hades冥神Homer,Iliad and OdysseywIliad,the 9th year of the war between the Argives led by King Agamemnon and the Trojans led by King Priam with participation of

13、 many gods and goddesses wShowing values of the Bronze Age:honor and braverywAlways be the best,my boy,the bravest,wand hold your head up high above the others.wNever disgrace the generation of your fathers.Odyssey wIn Northern Africa,Odysseus and his men encounter the Lotus-Eaters.Some of the crew

14、eat the temptful fruit.wAeolus,king of the winds,gives him a wind bagwThe island of cannibals destroy 11 of his 12 shipswGo to the underworld and seek the advice from Hades on how to go homewThe island of the Sirens;bypass a whirlpool and a 6-headed monster;live with a nymph for 9 years;wAfter a tem

15、pest by Poseidon,he finally gets to Ithaca,defeating the suitors of his wife Penelope and taking back his kingdomGrammar(line 2)he had opened his eyes with the sun at dawnw副词的位置：w(一)方式副词+地点副词+时间副词（句首或句末）,如：nShe sat quietly in the room for an hour.nJane played the piano wonderfully at the school conc

16、ert last night.或 Last night,Jane played the piano wonderfully at the school concert.wTOEFL exercises:w1.After the funeral,the residents of the apartment building_.nA.sent faithfully flowers each week to the cemeterynB.sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfullynC.sent flowers faithfully to the

17、 cemetery each weeknD.sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.Cw2.“_.”“So did I.”nA.I saw them last Saturday at the game.nB.I saw them at the game last SaturdaynC.At the game I saw them last Saturday nD.At the game last Saturday I saw themBw(二)在go,run,drive等动作动词后面，地点副词或状语通常置于方式状语前面，这是因为这些动

18、词与地点副词关系甚为密切之故。如：nThey went to school hurriedly after breakfast.nHe went to the market alone this morning.wTOEFL exercise:w“What did the mother say?”w“She said that _.”nA.her son went every day to school very slowlynB.her son went slowly every day to schoolnC.her son went every day slowly to schooln

19、D.her son went to school slowly every dayDdevour w vt.(尤指动物尤指动物)吞吃吞吃,狼吞虎咽狼吞虎咽,挥霍挥霍,(火灾等火灾等)毁灭毁灭,破破坏坏,吞没吞没,贪看贪看,贪听贪听nThe lion devoured the deer.(eat up greedily)nThe boy devoured the books he could get about the author in the kitchen.(喻喻)(read eagerly)nThe fire devoured the forest.(destroy)be devoure

20、d by心中充满心中充满(好奇心好奇心,焦虑等焦虑等);全部注意力为全部注意力为.所吸引所吸引n狮子狼吞虎咽地把鹿吃了下去。狮子狼吞虎咽地把鹿吃了下去。n 这个小伙子在厨房里如饥似渴地读着他能弄这个小伙子在厨房里如饥似渴地读着他能弄到的关于这个作者的一切书。到的关于这个作者的一切书。n大火烧毁了森林大火烧毁了森林。wSyn:devour/bolt/wolf/gobble/gulp/swallowwDevoureat hungrily or greedily 吞咽吞咽nThe hungry boy devoured his supper.wBoltswallow food quickly 仓促吞

21、咽仓促吞咽nWe bolted a few mouthful of food and hurried on.wWolfeat quickly and greedily 狼吞虎咽狼吞虎咽nHe wolfed his jam roll,wiped his mouth,and said:“I move we have our tea.”wGobbleeat(up)fast,noisily,and greedily狼吞虎咽狼吞虎咽nLi sat down and gobbled(down)his supper.wGulpswallow food or drink quickly or greedily

22、吞食吞食nI gulped down a few mouthfuls and decided to leave the rest.wSwallowcause or allow to go down the throat吞食吞食nHe swallowed his food too quickly.Elaborate:complicated because of being planned in great detailwThe company has worked out an management training scheme for graduates.wHe is known for h

23、is costume.(clothing or material is made with a lot of detailed artistic designs)sophisticatedw worldly-wise;showing knowledge of the worldnRichard was still young,but he was sophisticated enough to know when people were not telling the truth.w advanced or complicatednThe missile has a sophisticated

24、 guidance plexities plicationswComplexities:Many complicated factors involved inwComplication:A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal withwComplex:having many different parts so difficult to understand;复杂句;建筑群;综合体系;情结;wComplicated:having many parts or aspects so difficult to un

25、derstand or deal withGrammar:keep us warm(p2)w现在分词用于set,catch,start,make,have,get,keep,leave等词后表示“致使”，“使役”nThe joke set us all laughing.nTom is a lazy boy.I often catch him dozing off in class.nThe mechanic managed to start the machine running again.nI wont have you cleaning the room.wMy typewriter

26、is out of order.I cant get it going again.wI am sorry to have kept you waiting.wHis equivocal remark left me wondering what he was driving at.w他的话模棱两可，使我摸不清是什么意思。wAmerican superhero series:w“Superman”(1938-),w“Batman”(1939-),w“The Amazing Spider-Man”(1962-)nSuperman is a native of the planet Krypton

27、,but he grows up on a farm in rural America.He moves to the big city and gets a job as a reporter.At the newspaper,he is known as mild-mannered reporter Clark Kent,but when he puts on his cape and fights crime,he becomes Superman.wWith great power comes great responsibility.w restrain/curb/check hol

28、d back or keep under control.wRestrain implies restriction or limitation,as on ones freedom of action:wcurb is to restrain as if with reins:象用辔头那样来约束：象用辔头那样来约束：wCheck implies arresting or stopping,often suddenly or forcibly:意为通常是突然或强有力地停止或阻止：意为通常是突然或强有力地停止或阻止：w (economical)na wise and frugal governm

29、ent,which shall _ men from injuring one another(Thomas Jefferson).n“明智而节俭的政府会阻止人们彼此间的伤害明智而节俭的政府会阻止人们彼此间的伤害”。nHe had difficulty _ his curiosity.n他难以抑制住好奇心。他难以抑制住好奇心。nYou might _ your magnanimity(John Keats).n“你可以收敛一下你的宽宏大量你可以收敛一下你的宽宏大量”（约翰（约翰济慈）。济慈）。na light to guide,a rod to _ the erring(William Wor

30、dsworth).n“一束引路的光，一根一束引路的光，一根/防止犯错误的棍防止犯错误的棍”（威廉（威廉华兹华斯）华兹华斯）。restrainrestrainingcurbcheckGrammar:(p.12)his invasion of Persiaw动动名名词词的的特特殊殊句句型型“the+动动名名词词（名名词词化化动词）动词）+of+宾语宾语”w名名词词化化动动词词（verbal noun）是是指指丧丧失失动动词词特特性性的的只只起起名名词词作作用用的的动动名名词词。它它没没有有 完完成成时时态态的的形形式式和和被被动动态态的的形形式式，可可以以有有自自己的冠词和定语来加以修饰。己的冠词

31、和定语来加以修饰。nthe setting up of modern factoriesnthe drawing up of the plan当动词有同根名词或同形名词时，用同根当动词有同根名词或同形名词时，用同根名词或同形名词名词或同形名词 the management of a companythe production of our goodsError correction:1.I just read about the crossing of four men of the Atlantic in a raft.w(the crossing of four men=crossing four men)the crossing of the Atlantic by four men in a raft2.When and by whom the island of the A B West Indies were first settled is a matter of debating among archaeologists.C Dwof debatewNote:debate 的动词和名词同形的动词和名词同形