中职英语语法---宾语从句教学文稿.ppt

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1、第一页，共42页。英语句子英语句子(j zi)的种类的种类简单句简单句 (simplesentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)英语(yn y)句子概论第二页，共42页。简单句的五种基本简单句的五种基本(jbn)句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语(bny)She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(

2、vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语(bny)+直接宾语直接宾语(bny)We must keep the room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语(bny)+宾语宾语(bny)补足语补足语 第三页，共42页。并列句并列句把两个把两个(lin)或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.I bought my sist

3、er a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列常用并列(bngli)连词连词:平行并列平行并列(bngli)连词连词:转折并列转折并列(bngli)连词：连词：因果并列因果并列(bngli)连词连词:选择并列选择并列(bngli)连词连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so第四页，共42页。复合句复合句:主句主句(zhj)+从句从句 名词性从句名词性从句 定语定语(dngy)从句从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy w

4、ho is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语(dngy)从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-第五页，共42页。NounClauses(名词名词(mngc)性从句性从句)Subject Clause (主语主语(zhy)从从句句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句（同位语从句(cn j)）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause

5、（表语从句）（表语从句）第六页，共42页。名词性从句名词性从句(cn j)在功能上相当于名词在功能上相当于名词,在复在复合句合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语主语(zhy)His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语(bioy)This is his job.This is what he does every day.第七页，共42页。宾语宾语(bny)I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont k

6、now about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.第八页，共42页。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语主语(zhy)从从句句宾语宾语(bny)从从句句表语表语(bioy)从从句句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句表语从

7、句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句第九页，共42页。宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序(yx)必须是陈述必须是陈述语序语序(yx)。谓语动词、介词、动。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带形式后面都能带宾语从句。宾语从句。有些形容词（有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。等）之后也可以带宾语从句。第十页

8、，共42页。宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法(yn f)在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：连词：that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if代词：代词：who,whose,what,which副词：副词：when,where,how,why 等。等。第十一页，共42页。1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语(zhy)谓语谓语(wiy)宾语宾语(bny)（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）第十二页，共42页。宾语从句的

9、概念宾语从句的概念(ginin)：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构句子结构(jigu)(jigu)：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句第十三页，共42页。1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是一一个个(y)带带有有介介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.Hewonderedifhecou

10、ldpasstheexam.Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanpasstheexam.注注意意：动动词词+副副词词形形成成的的谓谓语语动动词词词词组组(cz)后也可以带宾语从句。后也可以带宾语从句。第十四页，共42页。一、从属连词一、从属连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由句），连词由that引导，因为引导，因为that在从句中不作在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体或非正式文体(wnt)中常省略中常省略vvLinTaoknows(th

11、at)hisownteamisevenbetter.LinTaoknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.vvShesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingShesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.nextSunday.vvJimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.vvHesaid(that)hewouldl

12、iketoseetheheadmaster.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.引导(yndo)词种类第十五页，共42页。2.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是一一般般疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连词词whether或或if引引 导导(yndo)（口口 语语 中中 常常 用用 if），因因 为为if/whether翻翻译译成成：“是是否否”，具具有有一一定定的的意意义义，所以不能省略所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whether hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letssee if/whetherwecanfindouts

13、omeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot.引导(yndo)词种类第十六页，共42页。二、连接代词二、连接代词which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连连接接代代词词在在从从句句中中作作主主语语、宾宾语语(bny)、表语、定语。、表语、定语。I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you li

14、ke.引导(yndo)词种类第十七页，共42页。三、连接副词三、连接副词(fc)where,when,why,how等等连连接接副副词词(fc)在在句句中中作状语。作状语。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导(yndo)词种类第十八页，共42页。带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语的词组也都可以引导宾语(bny)从句从句vCouldyout

15、ellushowoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?vCouldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vIdontknowhowfaritistothecinema.vPleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?vCanyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?vPleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.vCouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainanitcost

16、stoflytoHainan?第十九页，共42页。二、时态二、时态1.1.如如果果(rgu)(rgu)主主句句是是现现在在的的时时态态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现现在在进进行行时时，现现在在完完成成时时），从从句的时态可根句的时态可根 据据实实际际情情况况而而定定，（包包括括一一般般现现在时，一般过在时，一般过 去去时时，一一般般将将来来时时，现现在在完完成成时时等）等）vvIknowheIknowhelivesliveshere.vIknowhelivedlivedheretenyearsago.heretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcomet

17、omorrow.第二十页，共42页。2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行(jnxng)(jnxng)时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行(jnxng)(jnxng)时，过去将来时，时，过去将来时，时，过去将来时，

18、时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.here.vItoldmethatshewaswas talkingtalking withwith herher mothermother atatthattimelastweek.thattimelastweek.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomewouldcomebackbackthenextday.vHesaidthathehadseenitbefore.第二十一页，共42页。3.3.当当从从句句是是客客观观真真理理，定定义义(dngy)(dngy)，公

19、公理理，定理定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.第二十二页，共42页。三、语序三、语序宾宾语语(bny)(bny)从从句句的的语语序序用用陈陈述述语序：语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分第二十三页，共42页。1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrothera

20、skswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.buy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?meet?CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?meet?第二十四页，共42页。4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewant

21、toknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadaCanadainsummer.insummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.第二十五页，共42页。1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态

22、态根根据据实实际际(shj)情情况况用用不不同同时态。时态。注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourwhereweshowourtickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vvWouldyouliketoknowWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?第二十六页，共42页。2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词(dngc)是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词(dngc)是是say时，连词用时，连词用thatvShesays(t

23、hat)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.第二十七页，共42页。3.当当doubt,doubtful用用于于肯肯定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性性从从句句(cn j)连连接接词词常常用用whether或或if;当当doubt,doubtful用用于于否否定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词性性从句从句(cnj)的连接

24、词用的连接词用that。I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.第二十八页，共42页。4.当当besure引引导导主主句句是是肯肯定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词(mngc)性性从从句句的的连连接接词词常常用用that;当当besure引引导导的的主主句句是是否否定定句句时时，后后面面的的名名词词(mngc)性性从句的连接词常用从句的连接词常用whether或或if。We are sure that he will be successful so

25、on.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether/if he had met me.第二十九页，共42页。5.介词后宾语介词后宾语(bny)从句的注意事项：从句的注意事项：一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导类连接词引导(yndo)的宾语从句。的宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接介词后如果接that从句从句(cn j)，要先加上，要先加上it,再加再加that从句从句(cn j)，即，即“介词介词+it+that”结构。结构。You may depend on it that t

26、hey will support you.(that不能省略不能省略)介词介词except,but,besides及及in后可接后可接that从从句。句。I know nothing about him except that he lives here.(that不能省略不能省略)第三十页，共42页。7.只只 能能 使使 用用(shyng)whether而而 不不 能能 使使 用用(shyng)if的几种情况：的几种情况：介词后宾语介词后宾语(bny)从句用从句用whether,不用不用if.whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不则不能。能。whet

27、her后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whether.（如：（如：I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语后宾语(bny)从句用从句用whether不用不用if。第三十一页，共42页。6.在在suggest,demand,order,insist等等动动词词之之后后的的宾宾 语语(bny)从从 句句 中中 用用 虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气，即即“(should+)动词原形动词原形”。He suggested that we(should)set about d

28、oing the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ordered that the army(should)set off at once.第三十二页，共42页。主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willco

29、meB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome 7.连词连词if和和when在不同从句在不同从句(cnj)中的区别：中的区别：Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes第三十三页，共42页。8.8.连词连词+宾语宾语(bny)(bny)从句从句 连词连词+toto do dovIdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonex

30、t.vShedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.vPleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.第三十四页，共42页。9.有些动词有些动词(dngc)带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加加it这类动词这类动词(dngc)主要有主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.I hate it when they with their mouths full of f

31、ood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物(shw)时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.第三十五页，共42页。10.宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词(dngc)是是think,believe,ima

32、gine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等等,并且主句并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?第三十六页，共42页。11.宾语从句不可以宾语从句不可以(ky)省略引导词省略引导词that的情况的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾

33、语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一此时第一个个that可以可以(ky)省略省略,第二个第二个that不可以不可以(ky)省略。省略。except（介词）后面宾语从句中（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以不可以(ky)省略。省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以不可以(ky)省略。省略。it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略。不省略。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.The teache

34、r advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.第三十七页，共42页。1.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we

35、 want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语(bny)从句专项练习题第三十八页，共42页。3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语(bny)从句专项练习题第三十九页，共42页。5.-I

36、 wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A.what B.which C.where D.that宾语(bny)从句专项练习题第四十页，共42页。7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.t

37、hat B.which C.what D.where8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语(bny)从句专项练习题第四十一页，共42页。9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why宾语(bny)从句专项练习题第四十二页，共42页。