中国人民大学2004年基础英语真题.pdf

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1、中国人民大学中国人民大学 2004 年研究生入学考试试题年研究生入学考试试题 招生专业：英语语言文学 考试科目：基础英语 英文写作 英汉互译 考试时间：1 月 11 日上午 考题编号：336 基础英语.Vocabulary and Written Expressions(10 points)Directions:Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.1.Tough-talking ward councilor Tony Jones warned yesterday that th

2、e drive to clean up the Oxford Road area is being by the criminal justice system itself.a.hampered b.prohibited c.restricted d.reserved 2.It is a source of continuing frustration that sometimes,after huge amounts of resources have gone into securing successful ,career criminals often seem to be free

3、 after little more than a third or half of their sentences.a.convictions b.decisions c.vanquisher d.agreements 3.The police and others are doing their best to clamp down on crime and disorder-the intrusion of burglary,the source of drug dealers ruining lives,the threat of intimidation,violence and p

4、etty .a.violation b.vandalism c.vanquisher d.variance 4.At a meeting attended by more than 600 lectures and support staff last week,workers passed a vote of no in senior management.a.consensus b.objection c.confidence d.continuation 5.At the height of her fame during the Second World War,she was one

5、 of the worlds most influential women.But in later years,a gaunt relic of her former ,she was a forlorn propagandist for her husbands ostracized and diminished regime.a.reputation b.celerity c.background d.celebrity 6.That he was able to his responsibilities with such competence and apparent ease wa

6、s partly due to his experience in the Royal Navy.a.discharge b.charge c.obtain d.answer 7.The Galbraiths were a gregarious and family,probably descended from the Ancient British royal house of Strathelyde.a.proliferate b.promotive c.prolific d.propagable 8.In 1945 he worked for Hambros Bank,touring

7、the Middle East to report on diamond trading.a.elicit b.illiberal c.illuminant d.illicit 9.Despite his professional and his strength of character,he had a warm sensitivity for the feelings of others,partly stemming from his memories of hardship at Dartmouth.a.imminence b.immanence c.emanation d.emin

8、ence 10.Opposite the Italian journalists,Vladimir Putin,dressed and statesmanlike,answered a question about one of the countrys notorious billionaires.a.immaculately b.immeasurably c.justifiably d.unkemptly.Error Correction(20 points)Directions:In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes.Try to

9、 detect the mistakes and write out your corrected answers in the numbered brackets.www.TopS It used to be supposed that changes in the moral climate took decades to occur.Ideas filters down from whichever opinion makers were possessed of social influence;(1 )or they were imposed by those charged of

10、social control who had the confidence or the capacity to determine public attitudes.(2 )The introduction of mass education initially made little change here,since the content of the education,and the surviving social deference of the recipients,secured a continuing measure of stability.Moral ideas a

11、nd moral practice are not,anyway,in a precise correlation:statistics of illegitimate births from preceding centuries,as moral declamation was universally adverse,indicate a gap between prescribed teaching and human practice.(3 )But moral change was slow and ordered:it took a very long time for that

12、was conventionally acceptable to change-witness the stigma attached to divorce only 50 years ago.(4 )Now that has all changed.The reason is to be sought not so little in the collapse of institutional religion or in the moral incoherence of the western liberal intelligentsia-whose ideals have no disc

13、ernible philosophical basis-so much as the means now available for the dissemination of ideas of all sorts.(5 )It is due to the power of television.Ideas and moral precept are abstract,the nightly presentation,in dramas and“analysis”of public events by selected experts,is not.(6 )Both on the screen

14、and in the classroom a version of unstructured Humanism would seem to prevail:moral virtue determined by whatever current educated opinion deems conducive to modern canons of politically correct ideas.(7 )Soaps are extremely effective means of conveying moral propaganda,modern morality plays which l

15、ink day-to-day developments in particular lives-lives which are,like in the entertainments of the past,to be followed or avoided,according the assigned roles in the tension of good and evil.(8 )The great difference from the past is that there is now so much entertainment which it is immediately avai

16、lable,and that it falls upon people with now other source of moral exhortation.(9 )The heroes are the tolerant,commonsense moralists who ostensibly respect all viewpoints and decry“old-fashioned”moralists with their outmoded restrictions.The demons are those practitioners of whatever,for the moment,

17、attract public obliquity-paedophiles,drug users,racists or whatever.(10 ).Cloze Test(20 points)Directions:Fill in each of the blanks in the following passages with one suitable word.Passage 1 It is on a Saturday afternoon on the Great Wall of China or on a Sunday morning in Beijings Forbidden City t

18、hat you see the most striking effect of the communist regimes“one-child”policy.Here,among the 1 of local tourists surging from one viewpoint to the next,you notice little knots of adults standing in admiring,attentive semi-circles 2 a single child.Typically,there will be six of themthe parents and b

19、oth sets of grandparents-and the complacent 3 of their attention will look every inch the“little emperor”he(or she)is proclaimed to be.But such indulgence 4 problems for Shen Yurong,principal of Guangmin,a showpiece kindergarten in central Beijing.“The one-child policy leads to individualism,”she ex

20、plains.“Because the children have no brothers or sisters,we have to teach them how to 5 and co-operate with others.They have to learn from the start to bond into a community,6 they become aggressive of shy.”www.TopS For a lesson in community bonding,you just have to watch Quangmins 360 pupils,7 two

21、to six,performing their twice-daily exercise routine.Divided into classes,each 8 by three adults,the entire school assembles in the playground to the broadcast blare of jolly music.Then,still with almost military precision,they march on the spot,do stretching exercises and run through a repertoire o

22、f kung fu movements.Finally,each class plays a few supervised games-9 balls into baskets,running relay races-and then it is back to the classroom,where they slid down quietly to carry out their allotted 10 Passage 2 English literature has extracted and emphasized one very splendid thing;you never he

23、ar of it in patriotic speeches or in books about race or nationality,but it is the great contribution of the English temperament 1 the best life of the world.So far as it can be defined,it may be called the humane use of caricature.It consists in calling a man ugly as a compliment.If we wish to appr

24、eciate 2 we must remember the part 3 by satire and epigram in the largest part of human literature.Almost everywhere laughter has been used as a lash;if we were told about a mans wig or wooden leg,it was 4 by an enemy.Men reminded a man maliciously of his bodily weakness,especially if it was 5 with

25、his worldly power.6 ,for instance,the case of two of the greatest riders and conquerors among the children of men.Julius Caesar was bald,and he could not 7 it all with his laurels.It was always morally as well as physically his unprotected spot.His enemies could say:“You have 8 Gaul,but you are bald

26、.You have faced Pompey in arms and Cicero in argument,but 9 all that you are bald.”And he felt it himself,I think,for he was a vain man;the head of Caesar was like the 10 of Achilles.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions:Give a brief answer to each of the questions listed at the end of the foll

27、owing passage.My own sex,I hope,will excuse me,if I treat them like rational creatures,instead of flattering their fascinating graces,and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood,unable to stand alone.I earnestly wish to point women to endeavor to acquire strength,both of mend

28、and body,and to convince them that the soft phrases,susceptibility of heart,delicacy of sentiment,and refinement of taste,are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness,and that those beings who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love,which has been termed its sister,will soon become obj

29、ects of contempt.Dismissing,then,those pretty feminine phrases,which the men condescendingly use to soften our slavish dependence,and despising that weak elegancy of mind,exquisite sensibility and sweet docility of manners,supposed to be the sexual characteristics of the weaker vessel,I wish to show

30、 that elegance is inferior to virtue,that the first object of laudable ambition is to obtain a character as a human being,regardless of the distinction of sex;and that secondary views should be brought to this simple touchstone.This is a rough sketch of my plan;and should I express my conviction wit

31、h the energetic emotions that I feel whenever I think of the subject,the dictates of experience and reflection will be felt by some of my readers.Animated by this important object,I shall disdain to cull my phrases or polish my style;I aim at being useful,and sincerity will render me unaffected;for,

32、wishing rather to persuade by the force of my arguments than dazzle by the elegance of my language,I shall not waste my time in rounding periods,nor in fabricating the turgid bombast of artificial feelings,which,coming from the head,never reach the heart.I shall be employed about things,not words!An

33、d,anxious to render my sex more respectable members of society,I shall try to avoid that flowery diction which has slided from essays into novels,and from novels into familiar letters and conversation.These pretty superlatives,dropping glibly from the tongue,viti+ate the taste,and create a kind of s

34、ickly www.TopSdelicacy that turns away from simple unadorned truth;and a deluge of false sentiments and overstretched feelings,stifling the natural emotions of the heart,render the domestic pleasures insipid,that ought to sweeten the exercise of those severe duties,which educate a rational and immor

35、tal being for a nobler field of action.The education of women has,of late,been more attended to than formerly;yet they are still reckoned a frivolous sex,and ridiculed or pitied by the writers who endeavor by satire or instruction to improve them.It is acknowledged that they spend many of the first

36、years of their lives in acquiring a smattering of accomplishments:meanwhile strength of body and mind are sacrificed to libertine notions of beauty,to the desire of establishing themselves-the only way women can rise in the world-by marriage.And this desire making mere animals of them,when they marr

37、y they act as such children may be expected to act-they dress;they paint,and nickname Gods creatures.Surely these weak beings are only fit for a seraglio!Can they be expected to govern a family with judgement,or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?If then it can be fairly dedu

38、ced from the present conduct of the sex,from the prevalent fondness for pleasure which takes place of ambition and those nobler passions that open and enlarge the soul:that the instruction which women have received has only tended,with the constitution of civil society,to render them insignificant o

39、bjects of desire-mere propagators of fools!-if it can be proved that in aiming to accomplish them,without cultivating their understandings,they are taken out of their sphere of duties,and made ridiculous and useless when she short-lived bloom of beauty is over.I presume that rational men will excuse

40、 me for endeavoring to persuade them to become more masculine and respectable.Indeed the word masculine is only a bugbear:there is little reason to fear that women will acquire too much courage or fortitude;for their apparent inferiority with respect to bodily strength,must render them,in some degre

41、e,dependent on men in the various relations of life;but why should it be increased by prejudices that give a sex to virtue,and confound simple truths with sensual reveries?Women are,in fact,so much degraded by mistaken notions of female excellence,that I do not mean to add a paradox when I assert,th

42、at this artificial weakness produces a propensity to tyrannize,and gives birth to cunning,the natural opponent of strength,which leads them to play off those contemptible infantile airs that undermine esteem ever whilst they excite desire.Let men become more chaste and modest,and if women do not gro

43、w wiser in the same ratio,it will be clear that they have weaker understandings.It seems scarcely necessary to say,that I now speak of the sex in general.Many individuals have more sense than their male relatives;and,as nothing preponderates where there is a constant struggle for an equilibrium,with

44、out it has naturally more gravity,some women govern their husbands without degrading themselves,because intellect will always govern.Questions:1.Why does the author urge women to reject their conventional image of weakness?2.How does the author relate diction and style to the cause of womens rights?

45、3.With what details does the author convey her view on marriage?4.According to the author,how does the education of women both reflect and foster the concept of their frivolity and weakness?英文写作 Writing(20 points)You are required to write,in English,an article of a minimum of 500 words with the foll

46、owing topic:The Importance of Intercultural Communication in Todays World.英汉互译 1.Translate the following passage into English:(30%)www.TopS愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福；智慧的男人和聪明的女人在一起是种格调。当两种情形不幸交叉，生活就被贬谪为日子。音乐的本质都是忧伤而缠绵悱恻的，一如艳阳下溪水带不走逆行的云彩，而落叶却兀自随溪水而去。佳人本是天上的云，清朗明月下，秋色正浓时，一任寥落的雁声滑过而不侧目。于是，那个叫司马相如的男人尾随着卓文君，回到两千

47、年前的那个晚上，借着巴山的夜月，一个吹箫，一个鼓瑟，把平常的生活过得异样精致和婉约。而与此相隔八百年后的一个正午，在大唐的深宫中，杨玉环躺在皇帝的臂弯里倦怠地听着乐师精妙的演奏，昏昏欲睡。当马蹄声自遥远的南方飞速传来时，她打了一个哈欠，问身边的男人，这是不是送荔枝的驿卒到了。男人说是。女人心满意足地看着男人笑了笑，于是飞快地坐起鲜艳欲滴的身体，明亮的眼光越过被汗水和尘土包裹的驿卒，贪婪地吸吮充满性感南方红果。此时，音乐是一种尴尬的背景，皇帝是一种可有可无的陪衬。失去了灵魂的曲子，只能是一个又一个散落的音符。或许，你仍没有找到属于自己的音乐，也没有找到聆听自己心声的佳人。2.Translate

48、the following passage into Chinese(30%)The laptop computer is a small,portable computer thats light and small enough to hold on your lap.It is smaller than a luggage but larger than a notebook computer.A laptop usually weighs between 8 and 14 pounds,and when folded shut is about the size of a small

49、briefcase.Laptops can be plugged in or run on batteries,although the batteries must be recharged every few hours.Laptop computers use a thin light weight display screen called a flat-panel display,rather than the cathode ray tube technology of larger personal computers.Laptop displays vary widely in

50、 quality.Typically,their display screens show fewer lines than displays on larger computers and can be difficult to read in bright light.Laptops are self-contained units,having their own CPUs,memory,and disk drives.While ore expensive than a desktop computer with equivalent computing power,a laptop