中国人民大学2001年基础英语真题.pdf

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1、中国人民大学中国人民大学 2001 年研究生入学考试试题年研究生入学考试试题 招生专业：英语语言文学 考试科目：基础英语 考试时间：1 月 14 日上午 考试编号：329 Section 1:Vocabulary and Written Expressions(10 points)Directions:Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.1.These problems can become severe at large transfer airport,known as ,

2、because of the large number of bags that are processed.A.components B.propels C.hubs D.curbs 2.Throughout the ages,iron has a powerful pull on the human imagination,and the man who work it have often been regarded as much more than skilled craftsmen.A.laid B.exerted C.effected D.implemented 3.prices

3、 start at$90 and climb well into four figures.Most of the money raised will go to individual makers.A Regular B.Averse C.Reserve D.Preserve 4.Satellite communications are so up-to-dam that even when in the middle of the Pacific,businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.A.glidin

4、g B.cruising C.piloting D.patrolling 5.The cause of the accident ranges from a collision with an unidentified vessel to the _ of torpedo warheads inside the submarine.A.detonation B.connotation C.designation D.destination 6.However,even at lower levels of _ _ demand on resources,problems in economiz

5、ing would still remain.A.congested B.aggregated C.accumulated D assembled 7.The more rapid economic growth becomes,the faster is the of nonrenewable resources.A.diversity B.desperation C.depletion D.disperse 8.Perhaps the appalling distances that separate us from our fellow of this universe will for

6、ever remain too great to be conquered.A.denizens B.extraterrestrial beings C.clients D.participants 9.This may be because of a view that there is a genuine change in trend or because of the dangerous propensity to short-term experience to the future.A.scrutinize B.exhort ate C.deteriorate D.extrapol

7、ate 10.In the chemists test tube,all that splendid diversity to what is,after al1,really a dull,flat sameness.A.pulls down B.boils down C.comes up with D.adds up to Section 2 Error Correction(20 points)Directions:This port consists of two short passages.In each passage,there are altogether 10 mistak

8、es,one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word,www.TopSIf you change a word,put an insertion mark()in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and be sure to put a slash(/)in the blank.Passage 1 Ancient Chines

9、e reformers advocated selecting all talented people to be officials regardless of their family backgrounds.This practice is still significant,for it opposed to appoint people by favouritism.(1 )But it is improper for us to think that the talent can only become officials,otherwise they are stifled.(2

10、.)In the course of the current reform,China needs talented persons in all trades.It is justifiable that talented personnel bring their ability into full play by becoming leaders.(3.)But the point is who can be considered talented.Some see the holders of senior professional titles are talented;some t

11、hink of who have college diplomas as talented;(4.)some say that they are those who have made inventions or outstanding contributions to society.There would not be enough vacancies if all of these people are to become officials.(5.)It is unnecessary for all the talented to elbow their way officialdom

12、.(6.)They can strive to become experts in philosophy,science,literature,art,history and education.There never a limit to the number of experts in these fields.Albert Einstein was once invited,by Israel to become its president.It was considered as a matter of course for Einstein to accept the invitat

13、ion.(7.)But Einstein declined it bluntly and continued his physics study.(8.)I do not mean that talented people should not become officials at all.But what I want to specify is that different people have different strength,(9.)and that not everyone is capable of becoming an official.If people withou

14、t leader capacity are chosen as officials,they can only bungle things.(10.)Passage 2 In the late 1960s,many people in North America named their attention to environmental problems,and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers widely criticized.(l.)Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a c

15、ity often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.Skyscrapers are also lavish consurners and wasters of electric power.In one recent year,the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand of electricity by 120000 kilo

16、watts-(2.)enough to support the entire city of Albany,New York,for a day.(3.)Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful.The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board.(4.)To lessen,the strain on

17、 heating and air-conditioning equipment,builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass,and reflective glasses-coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare well as heat gain(5.)However,mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and aff

18、ect to neighboring buildings.Skyscrapers put a severe swain on to a citys sanitation facilities,too.(7.)If fully occupied;the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stamford,Connecticut,which bas

19、a population of more than 109000.Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception,block bird flyways,and obstruct air www.TopStraffic.In Boston in late 1960s,some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass No Boston Common.(8.)Still,people continue to found skyscrapers

20、 for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal ambition,civic pride,and the desire of owners to having the largest possible amount of rentable space.(9.)(10.)Section 3:Cloze(20 points)Directions:Fill in each of the blanks in the following passages with one suitable word.Passage 1 Des

21、pite the modem desire to be easy and casual,Americans from time to time give thought to the language they use,to grammar,vocabulary,and official languages.And,as 1 other issues,they divide into two parties.The larger,which includes everybody from the plain people to the 2 writer,takes for 3 that the

22、re is a right way to use words and construct sentences and many wrong ways.The right way is believed to be clearer,simpler,more logical,and hence more likely to prevent error and 4 Good writing is easier to read,it 5 a pleasant combination of sound and sense.6 this majority view is the doctrine of a

23、n opposing minority,who make up for their small number by their great world of scholarship.They are the professional linguists,who deny that there is such a thing as correctness.The language,they say,is what anybody and everybody speaks.Hence there must be no interference with 7 they regard as a pro

24、duct of nature.They denounce all 8 at guiding choice;their governing principle is summed up in the title of a speech by a distinguished shed member of the profession:“Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?”Within the profession of linguists there are,of course,fighting factions,but,on this

25、 conception of language as a natural growth with which it is criminal to interfere,they are at one.In their arguments one finds appeals to feelings of social equality(all words and forms are equally good)and individual freedom(one may do what one likes with ones own speech).These beliefs 9 suggest t

26、hat the desire for correctness,the very idea of better or worse in speech,is what is left over from noble and humble tunes.To the linguists,change is the only rule to be 10 .They consider it to be equal with life and accuse their critics of being clock-revisers,enemies of freedom,menaces to“life.”Pa

27、ssage 2 Laura Keeps Cool And she knows just how to tell her husband hes talking too much to hear what hes saying AUSTI,Texas-Laura Bushs closets and sock drawers are extremely orderly.She wipes her kitchen counters instinctively,follows a typed _11_,mentally files new faces and names with quiet effi

28、ciency.Yet a whirlwind romance changed her life.Just three months 12 meeting George W.Bush,Texas Governor and Republican presidential candidate now,she 13 her school library job in midyear to marry the eldest son of a political family as he was beginning a run 14 Congress.During the 22 years since,h

29、er organization and prudence have balanced his enthusiasm.“Laural is the calm in George Ws storm.”says her famous mother-in-law and 15 First Lady,Barbara Bush.George Ws dad,of course,is the former US president,George Bush.www.TopSIn George W Bushs decision to run for Texas governor or 16 the preside

30、ntial bid,“I was the last person on board,”his ware admits.At 30,she met George W.Bush at the home of mutual friends in Midland and quickly got 17 .George was“funny and fun”and energetic.He shared her memories of growing up in an idyllic environment 18 kids rode their bikes everywhere and smoking ci

31、garettes in high school“was the worst anyone did”:(She quit smoking when she was ready to have children.)Mrs Bush,53,says she always felt 19 doing“what really traditional women do.”“She likes quite pursuits-browsing among antiques,taking long walks,gardening,meeting friends for tea.Even as a sororit

32、y girl at Southern Methodist University she didnt care _20_anything as frivolous as fashion.The couple-they call each other:Bushie;-share a gentle style of teasing.But she doesnt hesitate to rein him in.“If George says anything too outrageous she calls him on it m a nice way.”Said Anne Johnson,whose

33、 husband is Bushs executive assistant.Section 4:Reading Comprehension(50%)Directions:Give a brief answer to each of the questions listed at the end of the following passages.Passage 1 The Mystical Power of Free Trade Some people find it hard to believe it really works,but it does.FREE TRADE IS ALWAY

34、S A HARD SELL.IN ALL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE,the proposition that comes closest to being scientific,in terms of being theoretically provable and true in real life,is that a society,benefits from allowing its citizens to buy what they wisheven from foreigners.But people resist this conclusion,sometimes vio

35、lently,as in Seattle last week.Why?A couple of reasons.First,the principle of free wade may be tree,but its not obviously true.In fact,its counterintuitive.If a factory shuts down because of a flood of cheap foreign products,how is that good?If the middle-class finds itself competing with workers be

36、ing paid practically nothing and living in squalor in other countries,how can this send the middle-class standard of living up and not down?If another nation is willing to pollute its air and water in order to produce goods for sale in the global economy,how can a country join that economy and still

37、 hope to keep its own air and water clean?There are answers to these questions,but they take a bit of background and a bit of persuading.Students of economics are led step by step through layers of reasoning until the moment they see the light.Skeptics think that the whole routine is like introducti

38、on into a religious cult and that free trade is more like an article of religious faith than a sound policy recommendation.These skeptics are wrong,but their skepticism is understandable.The other reason its hard to sell free trade is that any given example tends to benefit a lot of people in small

39、ways that are hard to identify and tends to harm a few people a lot in ways that are vividly evident.When that factory,shuts down,the unemployed workers know theyve suffered a loss,and they know why.And its a big enough loss to stir them politically.It will affect their vote at least,if not cause th

40、em to march in the streets.By contrast,budget-conscious shoppers(maybe those same workers)who are able to save a few bucks on a new sweater are not likely to realize they are enjoying a bargain as a result of global trade or to take to the streets to defend their fight to a cheap sweater.Or suppose

41、the U.S.slaps a tariff on foreign sweaters and the foreign country retaliates by raising a tariff on something www.TopSthe U.S.is selling them-the people who would lose their jobs arent even identifiable for sure,though for sure they exist.Likewise the people who lose jobs because shoppers who have

42、to pay more for sweaters have less money to spend on other things.Its by considering all these things-the risk of losing your job one way minus the risk of losing it another,the extra money you make if your industry is shielded form foreign competition minus the extra money you pay for goods and ser

43、vices that are protected-that you reach the conclusion that on average,free trade benefits us all.Yet,there are various economic theories about circumstances in which all this may not be true,but their authors win prizes precisely because the circumstances are unusual.In general,the numbers work irr

44、espective of what policies other countries follow.They just get worse ff one countrys trade restrictions lead other countries to impose more of the same.Trouble is,whos got time for all that math?Still,a half-century of general prosperity in the U.S.has created a climate of toleration,if not enthusi

45、asm,for the flee-trade gospel-mostly,indeed,as a gospel of our civic religion rather than out of anyones buying the math.Alarm about imports tends to ebb and flow with the economy-less in good times,more in bad.So how,m the best times ever,did the World Trade Organization?No earnest become the globa

46、l bogeyman?No earnest college kid ever hitched across the U.S.to carry a pickets siren against the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,the WTOs predecessor,although its function was similar.It took decades for the CIA,the Trilateral Commission and the council on Foreign Relations to achieve their

47、 places in the pantheon of political paranoia.The WTO has joined them in just four years.And it is despised across the entire political spectrum,whereas these other groups symbolize evil only to one political extreme or the other.Part of the explanation is the special nature of the current prosperit

48、y,which is widening the income gap rather than narrowing it,as in the past.Part is the growth of global economic forces that are actually impinging on national sovereignty,even though its the paranoid hysterics who say so.But the WTO isnt responsible for either of these trends,both of which are prob

49、ably inevitable and neither of which undermines the basic case for free wade or for an organization empowered to promote wade through binding arbitration of trade disputes.Maybe its the name.If you call yourself the World Trade Organization,you cant complain much if people dial your toll-free number

50、 and gripe about world trade.If a bunch of heads of government plan a triumphalist self-celebration in Seattle,you cant blame party poopers for showing up to horn in on the publicity.But really,the WTO is O.K.Do the math.Or take it on faith.1.Why cant those people believe that free trade really work