初中英语语法梳理和提高：数词讲解例题解析.doc

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1、数 词英语数词表示数目或者顺序， 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、基数词的构成11-12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。213-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。320-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20

2、-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-，如：28-twenty-eight，96-ninety-six。5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。6hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600-six hundred，8百万-eight million。71000以上的数字，从后往前

3、数每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无万这个词，我们可以用几十个千（thousand）表示几万，几百个千（thousand）表示几十万。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之

4、相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。1.one- first,two - second,three - third, five - fifth, nine - ninth, twelve - twelfth2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty -thirtieth, fifty -fiftieth3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one - twenty-first, one hundred and one -

5、 one hundred and first注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 又一 的意思。例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。三、数词的应用1时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。几点钟用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如： 5点钟-five（oclock）几点过几分 ，30分钟用介词past。如： 7：05-five past seven；7：15-fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30-

6、half past seven。差几分几点用介词to。如：7：40-twenty to eight；7：45-fifteen（a quarter to eight。日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05-seven o five；7：15- seven fifteen。2年月日的表示： 年份用基数词，如：1999年-nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年-nineteen hundred； 2000-two thousand；1905-nineteen o five； 年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：June 8，1998；读作：

7、June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。3. 世纪、年代表示法：（在）90年代 (in) the nineties（在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century（在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730s4编号的表示： Lesson One the first lesson第一课； Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车； 表示住所时不用No如：302房间-Room 302（读作：room three o two）； 如果编号的

8、数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页； 电话号码，用基数词,如：-three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。5分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母则加s。如：13 one third，23two thirds；另外：12 a（one）half; 14one fourth或a（one）quarter;34threefourths或three quarters。half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。

9、5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five7表示百分数5：five percent (per cent)， 0.8 zero point eight percent (per cent).8表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five9其他用法：1）基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls400-me

10、tre relay race。2）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long3）表示几十岁用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties4）倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词times。如：5倍five times)。例如：He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I .He is two years o

11、lder than IChina is four times as large as Europe.I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)My books are twice as many as yours.China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)I pay twice as much as it was worth.I pay twice as

12、 much for the house.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a _ one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /3). - Which is the smallest number of t

13、he four? - _.A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths4). Please write down the new words in the text of _.A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百，成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, bill

14、ions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D.2答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。3答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.4答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： No. 6 Middle School练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择填空：1. _ of people in the w

15、orld are sending information by E-mail ever day.A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions2. About _ of the surface of the earth _ covered with water.A. three quarter, isB. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _ time to finish t

16、he work.A. one and a half yearsB. a year and half C. one and a half yearsD. a year and halfs4- How long will your stay here ?、-For _ .A. one and two days B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day5When he moved to Germany in _ , he was already in _ .A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties;

17、his sixtiesC. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty6My brother lives in _ on _ floor.A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the secondC. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second7December is _ month of the year.A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve8This took place in the _ .A. 1940 B.

18、1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th9It is only _ from my home to the train station.A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes s walk D. ten minutes walk10There are _ in this building , I live on _.A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth flo

19、or,the ninth floor11The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be _ higher than downstream（ 下游）。A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There are _ days in a year.A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and s

20、ixty -five D. two hundreds and sixty-five13. -How many teachers are there in your school?- _. , but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred14. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousandsD. two thousands of15. - Wh

21、ats one fourth and a half, do you know?- Yes, its _.A. two sixthsB. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth16. Now children, turn to page _ and look at the _ picture in Lesson Two.A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to

22、buy a _ one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /18. December is the _ month in year.A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth19. - What is the date today?- Its _.A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China _.A. for the forth time B. four timesC. a fourth time D. for four times1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDA 16 -20 DBDBB