2022年初中英语非谓语动词总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_英语非谓语动词总结一、不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式 , 没有人称和数的变化 , 不能单独作句子的谓语.其构成形式为 to动词原形 ,to为动词不定式的符号 , 本身无意义.动词不定式具有两大特点 :1. 具有动词的特点 , 因此, 后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语 , 构成动词不定式短语.2. 具出名词、形容词或副词的特点, 可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等.一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our dutythe room every day.A. to cleanB. cleanedC. cleanD. cleans甘肃省2. Its

2、hard for usEnglish well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning江西省3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It willthe workers over a year the flyover.北京市海淀区4. Its very niceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for,ofB. of,forC. to,forD. of,to安徽省 简析 动词不定式作主语时 , 可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置 , 也可以用先行

3、词 it作形式主语 , 而将真正的主语 不定式 置于后面.常见的句式有:1It is形容词 of sbto do sth.2It is名词for sbto do sth.3Ittakes sb some time to do sth.4It is形容词 for sbto do sth.句式1 中常用 nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词 , 与介词of 搭配, 这些形容词常表述不定式规律主语的属性或性质; 句式4 中常用 hard, difficult,easy,important等形容词 , 与介词 for 搭配, 表示

4、不定式表示的动作、 行为的性质.二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wantssome vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 山西省2. Dont forgetyour homework with you when you come to school.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking 福建省3. He found it very difficultA. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep 湖南

5、省Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. D 简析 在 want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide, hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面 , 可以接不定式作宾语.假如其后接形容词补足语时 , 就可以用 it作形式宾语 , 而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面.三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks ushis Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. t

6、o help withD. helps him with 江苏省2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friendsChinese food.A. cook可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_B. cooksC. to cookD. cooked 甘肃省 Key: 1. B 2. C 简析 不定式可以用作宾语补足语.后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,teach, expect,tell,allow等.四、动词不定式作状语1. She wenther teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing

7、江西省2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her bestEnglishwell.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns 四川省 Key: 1. A 2. C 1 简析go,come,try,do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时 , 其后经常可以接不定式作目的状语.3. Im sorrythat.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 河北省可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. Im sorryyou.A. trouble B

8、. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled 吉林省5. My mother was very gladher old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets Keys:3. D 4.B 5. A 简析be形容词 to do sth结构中的不定式作状语 , 常表示缘由或方式.6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.改为意思相同的句子 The hole such a fat panda to go through. 广东省7. The ice on t

9、he lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. 改为意思相同的句子 The ice on the lake wasntenoughpeople . 广东省 Keys:6. is,too, small,for 7. thick,for,to,skate,on 简析 在上述too形容词/ 副词for sbto do 太而不能 和enough for sb to do 足以、足够做 结构中 , 不定式作结果状语.五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something.A. drink B. drinking C. to d

10、rink D. drinks 湖北省可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. I have a lot of homework.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do 河南省3. He is not an easy man.A. get on B. to get on C. get onwith D. to get on with 山东省 简析 不定式作定语时 , 常放在被修饰的词语之后, 与被修饰的词语为规律上的主谓关系或动宾关系; 假如不定式的动词是不及物动词, 其后要加上必要的介词或副词 , 构成的短语动词相当于及物动词.六、不带 to 的动词不定式1.

11、 We saw himthe building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enterC. entering D. entered 河南省2. So much work usually makes themvery tired.A. to feel B. feelsC. feeling D. feel3. Y our father is sleeping. Y oud better.A. not wake up himB. not to wake up himC. not wake him upD. not to wake him up 陕西省4. I was

12、 mademy homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. didKey:1. B 2. D 3.C 4. C可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 简析1. 在 see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和 make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to. 但是在被动语态中 , 作主语补足语的不定式要带 tolet没有被动语态 .2. 在had better后面接不带 to 的不定式.七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the manthe queue.A. not t

13、o jumpB. to not jumpC. didnt jumpD. not jump 广西壮族自治区 2. The old man told the childnoisy.A. not beB. not to beC. to not beD. be not 湖北省3. There is going toan important meeting tomorrow. Please trylate.A. have,not to beB. have,not be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. be,not to beD. be,not be 内蒙古自治区 Key: 1. A

14、2. B 3. C 简析 动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to 的前面加上 not, 假如是不带 to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词 -ing形式的区分1. Please stopa rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has 广西2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home. Sorry, I forgotsome money with me.A. take B. taking C.to take D. took 3.

15、 Lets have a rest, shall we. Not now, I cant stopthe letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write 湖北省4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stopwalk. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 简析 一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区分如下:stop to do sth意为 停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事 ,stop doing sth 意为 停止正在做的事 :remember to do sth意为 记住去做某事 事仍未可编辑资料 - -

16、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_做,remember doing sth意为 记得做过某事 事已做 :go on to do sth意为 接着做某事 做完一事 , 接着做另一事 ,go on doing sth意为 连续做某事 一事未做完接着往下做 :forget to do sth意为 忘了做某事 事仍未做,forget doing sth意为 忘了曾做过某事 事已做 .5. When I was walking in the street I saw a planeover my head.A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly 福建省6. A woman saw

17、itwhen she was walking past.A. happenB. happensC. happeningD. to happen 黑龙江省 Key: 5. B 6. A 简析 在 see,hear,watch,feel 等感官动词后面可接不带 to 的不定式 , 也可接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语补足语 , 用不定式表示动作的全过程 动作已终止 , 用动词的-ing 形式表示动作正在进行 动作尚未终止 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to 的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us

18、.Y es,. What time are we going to meet.A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to 浙江省2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us. . What time are we going to meet.A. No, I cant B. Y es, Im glad C. Y es, Id love to D. Id like 大连市 Keys: 1. D 2. C 简析 在口语中 , 动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复显现时, 其次个动词不定

19、式可以省略 , 但是 to 不行省略.这种用法常见于 be gladto,would like love to, have to等结构中.十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospitalis near the factory.A. buildB. buildsC. to buildD. to be built 青海省Key: D 简析 当不定式的规律主语是不定式所表示的动作的承担者 宾语 时, 用动词不定式的被动式 , 即:to be过去分词 ; 假如不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_示的动作之前 , 不定式用完成式 , 即:to

20、 have过去分词 ; 假如不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生 , 用不定式的进行式 , 即:to be现在分词练习:1. Don t forgetthe letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old,but in fact it is very comfortable to .A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3. Isnecessary to return the book tomorrow.A. this B. that C. it

21、D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow himhere.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. Mother told methe water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home,I stoppedsome food.A. buy B. to buyC. buying D. bought7. John was madethe car for a we

22、ek as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs,but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaningB. to be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is.A. visit to himB. to visit him可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. visiting himD. visited him10.

23、 Li Y ang advised metoo much,otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking二、动名词动词的 -ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词 , 在英语中使用极其广泛 , 因此要求每位同学对其都应清晰明白并正确运用.下面就动词的-ing形式在句中做定语总结如下 : 动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置 , 假如是单个的动词的 - ing 形式做定语 , 常放在被修饰词前做前置定语 ; 假如是动词的 -ing形式的短语做定语, 常放在被修饰词后

24、做后置定语.如 :1. He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员.2. He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题.3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩经常跌跤.4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party.你知道来参与晚会的人数吗 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意: 当-ing形式做后置定语时 , 可以相当于相应的定语从句.如:1.A young man w

25、riting novels came to speak to us yesterday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday. 2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹. -ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查 , 即:1) 说明被修饰词的性质 , 特点或用途.如 :1. They set up an operating table in a

26、small temple.2. He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里.3. Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.2) 与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作.如: 1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school. 2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher.3) 有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词 , 常做定语用来修

27、饰物 , 表示“令人”.常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing, discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying, terrifying,frightening等.如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历.2. The

28、experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的胜利.3. There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页.除了-ing形式能做定语外 , 假如-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系 , 就用它的被动式, 即 being done.being doing通常表示正在被做 , 常做后置定语.如 :1. The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校.2. The question being discussed was presen

29、ted by the headmaster. -ing形式做定语专练1. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the .A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanketthe desert. A.coveringB.covered可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C.cove

30、r D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the school,mostwerefrom Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom4. The questionat present has something important to do with our daily life.A. to be discussingB. to discussC. been discus

31、sedD. being discussed5. China is acountryto the third world. A.developed;belongsB.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6.-Who is the manto the teacher.-A model workerour school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visite

32、d7. How many of us,say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested inthe discussion.A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended8. The flowerssweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt三、分词一. 概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去

33、分词两种 , 是一种非谓语动词形式二. 相关学问点精讲 :1. 现在分词的用法 :1) 做表语:He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing,touching, puzzling.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2) 作定语: 上面所显现的现在分词都可以用作定语 ,修饰一个名词 :That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a char

34、ming person.现在分词短语仍可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句 :There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside.3) 作状语:现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或相伴的动作: Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.Opening the drawer, he took out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.现在分词短语仍可以

35、表示缘由 ,相当于一个缘由状语从句 :Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being unemployed, hehasnt got much money.现在分词短语仍可以表示时间 ,相当于一个时间状语从句 :Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be

36、 careful when crossing theroad.Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home.4) 作宾补:现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语:例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have等.I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something b

37、urning.She kept him working all day.2. 过去分词的用法 :1) 作表语:We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.They were very pleased with the girl. Im satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research.2) 作定语:She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gav

38、e us a satisfied smile.cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leavesfinished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitorsWhats the language spoken in that country.Theyre problem left over by history.T

39、he play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured.Do you know the number of books ordered.3) 作状语:Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children.Depressed, he went to see his elde

40、r sister. When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.4) 作宾补: 过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语 , 接在某些动词后面I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.When they get back home, they found the room robbed.三. 巩固练习1. with the best students, I still have a long way to go.A. Having compared可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_B. To comp

41、areC. ComparedD. Compare 2. The music of the filmby him sounds so.A. playing, excitingB. played, excitedC. playing, excitedD. played, exciting 3.against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.A. WarnedB. Having warnedC. To warnD. Warn 4.Incountries, you cant always make yourselfby speaking

42、English.A. English-speaking, understandB. English-spoken, understand可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. English-speaking, understoodD. English-speaking, understood5. Afterthe old man, the doctor suggested that hea badcold.A. examining, should catchB. examined, had caughtC. examining, had caughtD. examined, c

43、atch 6., Tom jumped into the river and had a good timein it.A. Be a good swimmerB. Being a good swimmerC. Having been good swimmerD. To be a good swimmer7.how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.A. Having not knownB. Not to know可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. Dont knowD. Not knowing8. As his parent, you shouldnt h