2022年外科知识点总结 .pdf

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1、外科知识点总结1.等渗性缺水：指水和钠成比例丧失，血清钠和细胞外液渗透压仍维持在正常范围，血清钠 135-150(恶心，呕吐，厌食，乏力，唇舌干燥，眼窝凹陷，皮肤松弛，少尿，不渴）2.高渗性缺水：指水和钠同时丧失，但失水多于失钠，血清钠大于 150 细胞外液呈高渗状态。轻度缺水24%口渴；中 4-6 极度口渴，乏力，烦躁，皮肤松弛，尿少，尿比重上升）；重 16 狂躁，幻觉，谵妄，昏迷3.低渗性缺水：指水和钠同时丧失，但失钠多于失水，血清钠小于 1354.补液护理定量：生理需要量+已丧失量+继续丧失量定性：高渗-水分，低渗-钠盐，等渗-等渗盐定时：先快后慢，先盐后糖，先晶后胶，第一小时补充总量二

2、分之一，剩余二分之一总量在后 16 小时均匀输入。5.补钾原则不宜过早：见尿补钾，尿量超过40 或 500不宜过浓：静脉注射液含钾浓度不超过0.3%不宜过快：静脉滴入速度每分钟不超过60 滴不宜过多：成人每日补钾40-80 约补氯化钾 3-66.降钾治疗：25%葡萄糖溶液 100-200 胰岛素/碳酸氢钠 2007.代谢性酸中毒：是指体内酸性物质积聚或产生过多，或碳酸氢根丢失过多。8.代谢性碱中毒：指体内碳酸氢根增多或者氢离子丢失。9.呼吸性酸中毒：指肺泡通气及换气功能减弱，不能充分排出体内生成的二氧化碳，致血液二氧化碳分压增高引起高碳酸血症。10.呼吸性碱中毒：指由于肺泡通气过度，体内二氧化

3、碳排放过多，致二氧化碳分压降低引起的低碳酸血症。11.肠内营养；是指经口或者喂养管提供人体代谢所需营养的一种营养支持方法。12.肠内营养并发症预防防误吸防皮肤黏膜损伤防腹泻防高/低血糖防钠钾失衡防感染13.肠外营养：是通过静脉途径提供人体代谢所需营养素的一种方法。14.全肠外营养：当患者禁食，所需营养素全部经静脉提供。15.肠外营养制剂：葡萄糖脂肪乳剂复方氨基酸维生素电解质微量元素16.肠外营养并发症17.局部麻醉：也称部位麻醉，是指将麻醉药作用于身体局部，使机体某一部位的感觉神经传导功能暂时被阻滞，运动神经传导保持完好或同时有程度不等的被阻滞状态。文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1

4、R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档

5、编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1

6、R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档

7、编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1

8、R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档

9、编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1

10、R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F718.椎管内麻醉：是指将局部麻醉药注入椎管的蛛网膜下隙或硬脊膜下腔，使机体部分背神经传导功能发生可逆性阻滞的麻醉方法。19.蛛网膜下隙阻滞并发症：术中血压下降呼吸抑制恶心呕吐 术后头痛尿潴留脑神经损伤20 蛛网膜下隙阻滞：将局麻药注入蛛网膜下隙，阻断部分背神经传导功能而引起相应支配区域受到阻滞的麻醉方法。21.硬脊膜外腔阻滞：将麻醉药注入硬脊膜外腔，阻断部分背神经传导功能而引起相应支配区域受到阻滞的麻

11、醉方法。22.硬脊膜外腔阻滞并发症：朮中全脊髓麻醉血压下降呼吸抑制恶心呕吐术后脊神经损伤硬膜外脑肿导管拔出困难或折断23.全身麻醉:是指麻醉药经呼吸道吸入或静脉，肌肉注射进入体内，产生中枢神经系统的抑制。临床表现为神志消失，全身痛觉丧失，肌肉松弛和反射抑制的麻醉。24.全身麻醉的并发症：呕吐与误吸呼吸道梗阻低氧血症高血压低血压心律失常高热，抽出和惊厥25.胃肠道的准备禁饮食非胃肠道成人 术前 12H禁食 4-6H禁饮文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9

12、P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 Z

13、T9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9

14、P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 Z

15、T9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9

16、P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 Z

17、T9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9

18、P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7胃肠道术前 3 日 少渣 2 日流质 1 日禁食补液肠道准备非胃肠道:术前晚排便，必要时开塞露/0.1-0.2 肥皂水灌肠结肠/直肠：术前 3 日导泻，灌肠并口服肠道抑菌药胃洗胃：幽门梗阻者应于术前2-3 日用温盐水洗胃减轻胃粘膜水肿置胃管：胃肠，上腹部术日晨便于术后胃肠减压26.特殊患者的术后准备：高血压：血压控制在160/100 以下且保持平衡心脏病：心衰病情控制3-4 周，急性心梗发病6 个月内不做，6 个月以上无心绞痛发作，心律失常，水电解质失衡者应纠正糖尿病：血糖水平轻度升高状态（5.6-11.2）呼吸系统疾病：肺功能障碍：

19、血气分析，肺功能检查，术前2周戒烟急性呼吸系统感染着：择期手术应推迟治愈后1-2 周肝脏疾病：纠正蛋白血症和凝血功能异常肾脏疾病：肾功能检查及相关内科治疗27.术日晨常规准备文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E

20、7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A

21、7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E

22、7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A

23、7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E

24、7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A

25、7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7护工认真检查各项准备工作落实测量，注意发热感冒月经遵医嘱术前用药准备好患者病例，影像学检查摄片及药品，与手术人员核对根据手术备麻醉床，备好麻醉物品患者排光膀胱，手术 4/下腹/盆腔留置尿

26、管去除化妆品，义齿，眼镜，饰物28.引流管的护理：区分标记并固定引流管保持引流通畅严密观察量，色状防止交叉感染拔管护理29.外科感染的分类按致病菌种类和病变性质非特异性感染（化脓性）疖 痈 丹毒急性阑尾炎特异性：结核破伤风气性坏疽炭疽按病程分类急性病程 3 周以内（大多数非特异性感染）30.疖：单个毛囊及其周围组织的急性化脓性感染。31.痈：多个相邻毛囊及其所属皮脂腺或汗腺的急性化脓性感染32.急性蜂窝织炎：是发生于皮下，筋膜下，肌肉间隙或深部组织的一种急性弥漫性化脓性感染33.丹毒：由乙型溶血性链球菌感染引起的皮肤淋巴管网的急性炎症感染34.急性淋巴管炎和淋巴结炎：病菌从皮肤、黏膜损伤处或其

27、他文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX

28、5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F

29、7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX

30、5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F

31、7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX

32、5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F

33、7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7感染病灶（如疖、足癣等）组织淋巴间隙进入淋巴管内所引起淋巴管及其周围淋巴管急性感染35.损伤：指致伤因素作用于机体所导致的组织结构破坏和功能障碍36.伤口愈合类型及其影响因素：1 一期愈合（厚发愈合）2 二期愈合（瘢痕愈合）3 三期愈合(延期愈合）影响损伤愈合的因素 局部：感染、异物、局部血液循环障碍。全身：年龄、营养、慢性疾病、药物37.烧伤深度：1 度

34、烧伤：红斑性烧伤，不留瘢痕浅 11 度烧伤：水疱形成，含淡黄色澄清液体，不留瘢痕，有色素沉着深 11 度烧伤：小水疱，真皮层，留瘢痕，色素沉着111 度烧伤：焦痂性烧伤38.休克期护理补液原则晶体：平衡盐溶液胶体：血浆胶体：电解质=0.5:1第一个 24 小时：体重 x 面积 x1.5+200 先快后慢，伤后8 小时内输入一半第二个 24 小时：胶体和电解质液为第一个24 小时的一半，水分2000文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5

35、T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7

36、文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5

37、T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7

38、文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5

39、T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7

40、文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5

41、T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F739.肿瘤的临床表现：1 肿块 2 疼痛 3 溃疡 4 出血 5 梗阻 6 转移40.颅内压：指颅腔内容物对颅腔壁所产生的压力，可通过侧卧位腰椎穿刺或直接脑室穿刺来测定41.正常颅内压;成人 702002O儿童 501002O42.颅内压调节：颅内压增高，部分脑脊液被挤入脊髓蛛网下腔并被吸收，脑脊液分泌减少而吸收增加43.颅内压增高的临床表现：1 脑血流量减少2 形成脑疝（主要死亡原因）3 脑水肿 4 库欣反应 5 胃肠功能紊乱及消化道出血6神经源性肺水肿44.甲状腺功能亢进的临床表现：1 高代谢综合征：多食易饿，疲乏无力，体重减轻，怕热多汗，低热，血糖

42、升高，脉快有力2神经系统表现：精神过敏，易于激动，烦躁，紧张失眠，多言好动，平举双手震颤3 心血管系统表现：脉快有力，血压升高，心律失常 4 甲状腺肿大 5 眼征：眼球突出，睑裂增宽，瞳孔散大45.碘剂：常用的碘剂为复方碘化钾，服用时将其滴在小块饼干，面包等食物，自每日三次，每次三滴，逐日每次增加1 滴至每次16 滴为止，以后维持此剂量约两周左右，至手术时机成熟46.甲状腺术后并发症：呼吸困难和窒息：切口出血形式血肿，喉头水肿，气管塌陷，双侧喉返神经损伤，痰液堵塞喉返神经损伤：声音嘶哑、失音、呼吸困难喉上神经损伤：误咽、呛咳文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F

43、7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G

44、5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F

45、7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G

46、5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F

47、7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G

48、5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F

49、7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7手足抽搐（误伤/误切甲状旁腺）甲状腺危象：（术后36h内）高热、脉快而弱、大汗、烦躁不安、谵妄，甚至昏迷，常伴有呕吐和腹泻处理：口服复方碘化钾溶液，紧急时10%碘化钠 10 加入 10%葡萄糖500 中静脉滴注给予氢化可的松给予肾上腺素能阻滞剂给予镇静剂降低体温（37）给氧以减轻组织缺氧有心力衰竭加用洋地黄47.乳房炎病因：乳汁淤积乳头发育不良乳管不通畅乳房排空不全；细菌入侵乳头破损婴儿患口腔炎症致病菌以金黄色葡萄球菌常见48

50、.记性乳房炎健康教育矫正乳头内线预防产后乳头破损指导正确哺乳防止细菌入侵49.乳房癌病因：内分泌因素月经及生育史（初潮早、绝经晚、未婚、未孕、未哺乳）遗传因素饮食与肥胖：营养过剩、肥胖、高脂饮食癌前病变其他因素：长期接触放射线、致癌药物等50.乳房癌健康教育心理支持：给予患者关心、体贴与接纳功能锻炼：出院后继续坚持患侧上肢功能锻炼，教会患者全范围关节运动锻炼避孕：术后 5 年内应避免妊娠放疗或化疗乳房自查：视+触诊文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P3E7G5 HX5T1R8Q4I5 ZT9A7F7D1F7文档编码:CZ9X9P