2022年古诗歌鉴赏之表达技巧导学案1 .pdf

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1、精品教学教案1 古诗歌鉴赏之表达技巧导学案【学习目标】一、掌握常见诗歌鉴赏之表达技巧的类型和知识。二、掌握答题模式，提高古诗鉴赏的解题能力和水平。*【导入学习】*表达技巧是指作者在塑造形象、创造意境、表达思想感情时所采取的特殊方式。鉴赏诗歌的表达技巧是指准确判断诗歌所运用的手法技巧，并分析评价作者运用这些技巧所产生的表达作用和效果。表达技巧是一个比较宽泛的概念，主要包括修辞手法、表达方式、表现手法、构思立意等方面的技巧。高考对此考点的考查方法也主要在这四个方面进行。*【自主学习】*考点一修辞手法考试说明规定常见的修辞手法为：比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、对偶、排比、反复、设问、反问。另外，古典诗歌常

2、用的还有通感、互文、双关、顶真等。高考设题时，不会侧重诗歌的全部内容，而是要求考生从句子的角度进行分析。考生答题时要结合句子内容或句子所体现的情感加以分析。典例 1(2016 高考山东卷)阅读下面的元曲，回答后面问题。水仙子舟中孙周卿孤舟夜泊洞庭边，灯火青荧对客船，朔风吹老梅花片。推开篷雪满天。诗豪与风雪争先，雪片与风鏖战，诗和雪缴缠。一笑琅然。分析“诗豪与风雪争先，雪片与风鏖战，诗和雪缴缠”使用的两种修辞手法。(4 分)【满分指引】第一步：明确这三句使用的比拟和排比的修辞手法。第二步：分析两种修辞手法的具体运用。抓住“争先”“鏖战”“缴缠”分析比拟手法，从三句元曲整体上分析排比手法。第三步：

3、指出两种修辞手法的表达效果。比拟手法重在分析“生动形象”，排比手法重在分析对气氛的“渲染”。【参考答案】比拟、排比。“诗豪与风雪争先”“雪片与风鏖战”，用“争先”“鏖战”把“诗豪”“风”和“雪”拟人化，“诗和雪缴缠”，用“缴缠”将“诗”拟物，把抽象的“诗”具象化，生动形象地描写风雪交加的壮美，表现作者迸发的诗情。“诗豪与风雪争先，雪片与风鏖战，诗和雪缴缠”构成排比句，描写了作者的诗情与风雪难分难解的关系，渲染了气氛。思路规范 1了解重要修辞手法的概念及表达效果。鉴赏古代诗歌中常见的修辞手法主要有夸张、拟人、对比、比喻、借代、对偶等，修辞不同，表现的手法也就不同，对此要全面了解。2结合诗句分析修

4、辞手法的形成过程及表达效果。在分析时注意三部曲：点明概念 分析形成 说明效果。如上述试题中，先要指出比拟和排比两种手法，再加以分析形成过程，最后指出表达效果。3欣赏诗歌不能离开诗歌整体，因此不要忘了最后要在关键处点明作者的情感态度。有些诗歌本身蕴含着作者非常复杂的思想情感，作答时，要在分析修辞手法的基础上加以点明。古代诗词中常见的修辞手法 修辞手法特点及作用精品教学教案2 比喻用一种事物或情景来比作另一种事物或情景。有突出事物特征，化无形为有形，化抽象为具体，生动形象，使道理通俗易懂，加深读者印象的作用。比拟比拟是将人比作物、将物比作人，或将甲物化为乙物。使具体事物人格化、有促使读者产生联想，

5、使描写的人、物、事表现的更形象、生动的作用。借代借用相关的事物来代替所要表达的事物。借代的运用使语言简练、含蓄，可引人联想，形象突出、生动、具体，使特点更鲜明。夸张对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等作扩大或缩小的描述。有更突出、更鲜明地表达事物的作用。对偶用结构相同、字数相同的一对句子或短语来表达两个相对或相近的意思。从形式看，语言简练，整齐对称；从内容看，意义集中含蓄。排比由三个或三个以上结构相同或相似、内容相关的短语或句子排列在一起，用来加强语势强调内容，加重感情。反复为了强调某种意思、突出某种情感，特意重复使用某些词语、句子或者段落等。设问先提出问题，接着自己把看法说出。问题引入，带动全篇

6、，中间设问，承上启下，结尾设问，深化主题，令人回味。反问用疑问的形式表达确定的意思。用来加强语气，表达强烈感情。考点二表达方式近年来，表达方式是高考古代诗歌鉴赏题的必考点，尤其是描写和抒情这两种最常见。描写方面，对正侧描写、虚实描写、动静描写的考查是重点，对描写的感官角度和观察角度的考查是次重点；抒情方面，间接抒情是考查的重点。该考点有时直接设题，有时结合思想感情间接设题，但后者在今后的高考中会是考查重点。典例 2(2015 高考浙江卷)阅读下面这首词，完成后面问题。木兰花慢赠弹琵琶者 元 张伯淳爱当垆年少，将雅调，寄幽情。尽百喙春和，群喧夜寂，老凤孤鸣。都来四条弦里，有无穷、旧谱与新声。写出

7、天然律吕，扫空眼底筝。落红，天气暖犹轻。洗耳为渠听。想关塞风寒，浔阳月色，似醉还醒。轩窗静来偏好，到曲终、怀抱转分明。相见今朝何处？语溪乍雨初晴。【注】律吕，此指乐律或音律。，一种弦乐器，如筝。语溪，溪水名，在今浙江桐乡。分析上片与下片对琵琶演奏描写角度的差异。(5 分)【满分指引】第一步：分析上片描写角度。上片第一句介绍乐曲演奏者，第二、三句运用比喻等修辞手法来描写乐曲的复杂变化，第四句写乐曲超出了最天然的音律和乐器，属于正面描写。第二步：分析下片描写角度。下片由“洗耳为渠听”可知，主要是从听者的角度来描写乐曲，并且运用联想与想象进行渲染描绘，属于侧面描写。第三步：上片和下片进行对照，形成答

8、案。【参考答案】上片从乐曲方面来描写(乐曲的演奏者、乐曲旋律的复杂变化、乐曲声律的高雅等)，侧重正面描写、直接描写。下片从听者方面来描写(气氛感受、典故联想、景色渲染等)，侧重侧面描写、间接描写。思路规范 1明方式。就是首先要指出诗歌所运用的记叙、描写、议论、抒情等表达方式。描写是写景诗中的最主要表达方式，景物描写的角度主要有文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1

9、 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5

10、K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1

11、 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5

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13、 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5

14、K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8精品教学教案3 视角、感官、写实

15、与想象、正面与侧面、白描与细描、动态描写与静态描写等。如上述试题中，这首词的上片和下片虽然都对琵琶演奏进行了描写，但所选的角度并不相同。作答时，要找出两者的差异。2释运用。就是结合诗句阐释该表达方式是如何运用的。有些考题是要结合具体诗句进行阐释的，这就需要对所运用的表达方式进行分析。3析作用。还必须简要分析该表达方式的作用。对于写景的作用，主要可以从三个方面来考虑：对表现人物的作用、对表达感情的作用、结构上的作用。每一首诗歌都有其特定的作用，所以在鉴赏诗歌时，一定要立足于诗歌本身去分析。*【合作学习】*考点三表现手法表现手法是高考古诗歌鉴赏题中的必考点，主要考查考生对古代诗歌所用表现手法的把握

16、能力。高考诗歌鉴赏题中的表现手法主要指渲染、烘托、象征、映衬、对比、比兴、铺陈、用典、虚实结合、动静结合、点面结合、欲扬先抑、托物言志、联想想象等。典例 3(2015 高考江苏卷)阅读下面这首唐诗，完成后面问题。秋日题窦员外崇德里新居刘禹锡长爱街西风景闲，到君居处暂开颜。清光门外一渠水，秋色墙头数点山。疏种碧松通月朗，多栽红药待春还。莫言堆案【注】无余地，认得诗人在此间。【注】堆案：堆积案头，谓文书甚多。简要赏析颔联、颈联的写景艺术。(4 分)【满分指引】第一步：锁定诗句，找出表现手法。这首诗的颔联写新居周围“渠水”“秋色”“点山”之景，是远景，实写；颈联由在新居内栽种的松树、芍药，联想到了碧

17、松朗月、红药开放之景，是近景，虚写。这两联作者由新居之外，到新居之内采用了移步换景、由远及近、虚实结合等手法铺陈写景，景中含情。第二步：结合诗句，对表现手法进行分析。分析时，要注意抓住颔联和颈联中的关键信息，对表现手法的解说要言之有物。第三步：分点作答，指出表达效果。全诗表达了对美好景物的向往之情。【参考答案】选取景物，铺陈描摹。诗人选取“一渠水”、“数点山”、“碧松”、“红药”等景物进行描绘。移步换景，富有层次。作者描绘时采用由远及近、由外而内的顺序来写，使院内的近景层次分明；虚实结合，寓情于景。这首诗的颔联实写，颈联虚写，表达了诗人对美好景物的向往之情。思路规范 1写景的表现手法。景物描写

18、常用的表现手法有正面侧面结合、虚实结合、动静结合、空间位置变化。答题时先要提取出诗歌中的重要景象点，再明确表现手法，并结合具体内容分析其表达效果。如上述试题中考查写景艺术，考生要先提取出重要景象，如一渠水、数点山、碧松、红药；然后明确表现手法，如虚实结合，由远及近等；最后结合具体内容分析其表达效果，如体现出层次分明的特点等。2写人的表现手法。就这一点来说，有直接描写和间接描写两类，直接描写包括行动、语言、神态等细节描写，间接描写有对比反衬、虚实结合、借景写人等。分析时，要注意联系人物的情感。3写物的表现手法。这种表现手法最主要的是托物言志、侧面烘托。由于某些物象寄托的人生志趣往往是固定的，考生

19、需要记住一些重要物象的意义，但对于咏物诗，仍要结合具体语境分析诗歌所用的表现手法。文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ

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21、8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ

22、2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K

23、8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ

24、2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K

25、8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8精品教学教案4 4识记答题要领。作答时，可按照如下答题程式：确认(指出用了什么表现手法)分析(结合相关语句分析这个手法在诗歌中的具体运用)概括(该手法表达了作者怎样的情感，传达了怎样的旨趣及运用该手法的效果)。答题格式 可概括为：揭示手法分析作用(句意文意主旨情感)表达效果。诗

26、歌中主要的表现手法 表现手法特征象征指借助某一具体形象，以表现某种抽象的概念、思想或感情。其特点是利用象征物与被象征物之间的某种类似，使被象征物的某一内容得到含蓄而形象的表现。衬托利用事物间近似或对立的条件，以一些事物为陪衬来突出某些事物的艺术手法。利用事物的近似条件来衬托一事物，称正衬；利用事物的对立条件来衬托一事物，称反衬。抑扬结合把要否定的方面和要肯定的方面同时说出来，只突出强调其中一个方面，以达到抑此扬彼或抑彼扬此的目的。有先扬后抑和先抑后扬之分。联想、想象联想由一事物联系到与之有关的另一事物，或把事物中类似的特点联系起来造成一个典型。托物言志托物言志，是作者借助物的象征义来表达个人胸

27、怀心志的一种艺术手法，又叫感物抒怀。托物言志诗，又叫写物诗。虚实结合虚与实是相对的，有者为实，无者为虚；客观为实，主观为虚；已知为实，未知为虚等等。考点四结构技巧所谓构思技巧是指诗歌的结构安排方面的技巧，主要有照应、过渡、线索、悬念、开门见山、卒章显志、以景结情等。对此，高考中多有涉及，经常会就诗歌的开头、中间、结尾、整体结构进行提问。卒章显志、以景结情等是考查重点。典例 4(2016 高考全国甲卷)阅读下面这首唐诗，完成后面的题目。丹青引赠曹将军霸(节选)杜甫先帝天马玉花骢，画工如山貌不同。是日牵来赤墀下，迥立阊阖生长风。诏谓将军拂绢素，意匠惨淡经营中。斯须九重真龙出，一洗万古凡马空。【注】

28、曹将军霸：即曹霸，唐代著名画家，官至左武卫将军。玉花骢：唐玄宗御马名。赤墀ch：宫殿前的红色台阶。阊阖：传说中的天门，这里指宫门。斯须：一会儿。为了突出曹霸的高超画技，诗人作了哪些铺垫？请简要分析。(6 分)【满分指引】第一步：通读这首诗，根据题干要求，确定这首诗行文构思的技巧铺垫。第二步：分析全诗内容，看前四句诗是如何进行“铺垫”的。第二句“画工如山貌不同”写众多画工画马，但均不成功，这是为后面作铺垫；第四句“迥立阊阖生长风”写玉花骢的神韵，也是为画家善于捕捉此马的风采作铺垫。第三步：简要概括这种结构技巧的效果，组织完整答案。【参考答案】画工如山貌不同：写曹霸要画的马已有众多画工画过，但画得

29、都不成功。强调此马的雄俊非凡手可得，造成此马难画的印象；迥立阊阖生长风：写真马昂头站立，给人万里生风之感，进一步点出画家要捕捉住此马飞动的神采尤其不易。思路规范 1要注意诗歌的体裁。特别是律诗的起承转合，词的上片与下片的不同写法，一字领起数句的情况；还要注意埋伏与照应、过渡与承接、开头结尾的方式等等。文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5

30、ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N

31、8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5

32、ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N

33、8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5

34、ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N

35、8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8精品教学教案5 2分析诗歌的行文思路或情感变化。考生要熟悉

36、古代诗歌常见的行文思路，如由景到情、由事及人、写景顺序(时间、地点变化)、抒情顺序(由己及人)等。分析时考生首先要明确行文顺序，再结合具体诗句内容分析。3分析诗歌某一句的作用时要从诗歌内容和结构两方面思考。常见的结构方面的作用有铺垫呼应、借景抒情、奠定基调、承上启下、总领全篇、卒章显志等。考生要依据上下文的内容变化分析诗歌思路的变化，以此判断该句在上下文中的作用。古诗词中常见的结构技巧 结构技巧特征开门见山指诗歌开头就进入正题，不拐弯抹角。首尾照应即开头与结尾的照应，这样照应使诗歌在结构上有浑然一体之感，能更加突出主题，起到良好的表达效果。照应这是篇章前后某点内容的衔接，又叫呼应。前面交代过的

37、话，后面得有照应；后面要照应的话，前边得先有个交代。照应能使情节连贯、脉络清晰、结构紧凑。卒章显志作为一种言志的结构方式，是指诗人往往在诗歌的结尾表达自己的心志或情怀。以景结情指诗歌在议论或抒情的基础上戛然而止，转为写景，以景代情作结，这种写法能使诗歌收到“此时无情胜有情”的效果，往往使诗歌显得意犹未尽、形象含蓄、耐人咀嚼。*【应用学习】*一、阅读下面一首宋诗，完成后面的题目。州宅堂前荷花范成大凌波仙子静中芳，也带酣红学醉妆。有意十分开晓露，无情一饷敛斜阳。泥根玉雪元无染，风叶青葱亦自香。想得石湖花正好，接天云锦画船凉。【注】范成大(11261193)，苏州人，晚年退居家乡石湖。此诗为范成大外

38、任地方官时所作。凌波：水面之上。本诗颔联描写精妙，试作具体分析。二、阅读下面这首宋诗，完成后面题目。酒楼秋望华岳【注】西风吹客上阑干，万里无云宇宙宽。秋水碧连天一片，暮霞红映日三竿。花摇舞帽枝尤软，酒入诗肠句不寒。古往今来恨多少，一时收拾付杯盘。【注】华岳：南宋诗人。这首诗作于南宋晚期，国家正处于危难之中。与过零丁洋尾联相比，本诗尾联抒情方式有何不同？请简要分析。文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K

39、7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1

40、HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K

41、7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1

42、HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K

43、7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1

44、HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K

45、7K8精品教学教案6 三、阅读下面两首诗，完成后面的题目。自夏口至鹦鹉洲夕望岳阳寄元中丞刘长卿汀洲无浪复无烟，楚客相思益渺然。汉口夕阳斜渡鸟，洞庭秋水远连天。孤城背岭吹寒角，独戍临江夜泊寒。贾谊上书忧汉室，长沙谪去古今怜。长沙过贾谊宅刘长卿三年谪宦此栖迟，万古惟留楚客悲。秋草独寻人去后，寒林空见日斜时。汉文有道恩犹薄，湘水无情吊岂知？寂寂江山摇落处，怜君何事到天涯！【注】这首诗是诗人在唐肃宗至德年间任鄂岳转运使后，出巡到夏口(今湖北武昌)一带时所作。元中丞为诗人友人，当时被贬到岳阳。刘长卿(约 726约 786)，唐代诗人，字文房，河间(今属河北)人，天宝(742756)进士，曾因事下狱，两遭

46、迁谪。此诗作于诗人第二次迁谪路过长沙时。栖迟：居留。两首诗颔联的表现手法有何异同？请简要分析。四、阅读下面这首诗，然后回答问题。舟中晓望孟浩然挂席东南望，青山水国遥。舳舻争利涉，来往接风潮。问我今何适？天台访石桥。坐看霞色晓，疑是赤城标。这首诗在结构上很有特点，既开门见山，又首尾呼应，请结合全诗简要分析。五、【新课标 I卷】读下面这首宋诗，完成15题。阅礼部贡院阅进士就试欧阳修紫案焚香暖吹轻，广庭清晓席群英。无哗战士衔枚勇，下笔春蚕食叶声。乡里献贤先德行，朝廷列爵待公卿。自惭衰病心神耗，赖有群公鉴裁精。本诗的第四句“下笔春蚕食叶声”广受后世称道，请赏析这一句的精妙之处。（6 分）文档编码:CD

47、7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M

48、5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD

49、7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M

50、5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD7N8R6P3M1 HJ2K7U1Z9M5 ZX3P8M5K7K8文档编码:CD