2022年工程化学基础知识总结 .pdf

《2022年工程化学基础知识总结 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年工程化学基础知识总结 .pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、表示公式意义公式中符号意义焓变 H 熵变 S吉布斯自由能函数变G标准平衡常数K 反应进度渗透压=cRT 或V=nRT温度变化量 T T=T 末-T 初相对湿度=p（H2O）/p（H2O）不同能级能量差=hv 或=hv/c=E-E0有效核电荷数ZZ=Z-热力学能变化 UU=U2-U1=Q+W或U-（Q+W）=0环境对系统做的功W W=p V+W恒容反应热Qv Qv=U=U2-U1恒压反应热Qp Qp=H2-H1=U+pV 工程化学基础知识体系一*绪论系统相质量守恒和能量变化反应进度二*物质的化学组成与聚集状态2.1 物质的化学组成1.配位化合物定义：是由可以给出孤对电子的一定数目的离子或分子（称

2、为配体）和具有接受孤对电子空位的原子或离子（统称中心原子）按一定的成和空间结构所形成的化合物。中心离子即为配合物的形成体，核心。通常为金属离子，尤以过渡金属离子居多。具有空的价电子轨道。配合物的形成体，核心。通常为金属离子，尤以过渡金属离子居多。具有空的价电子轨道。配合物的命名：1、整个配合物:（阴离子）化/酸（阳离子）2、配离子:（配体）合（中心原子）3、配体顺序：先酸根，后中性分子。同类顺序先简单后复杂，先无机后有机。文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文

3、档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10

4、文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G1

5、0文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G

6、10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2

7、G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T

8、2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10

9、T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10团簇：由几个或几千个原子或原子团组成的，具有独立结构的物质。2.非整比化合物组成物质的元素的原子数目间不成整数比，例如碳化物。3.金属有机化合物由金属原子和有机基团中碳原子键合而成，含金属-碳键（M-C）的化合物4.高分子化合物 P21 2.2

10、固体 1.晶体特征是具有整齐的、有规则的几何外形和固定的熔点。晶体的这些特征都是晶体内部结构的反映，表现出高度规则和高度对称的物质形态。1、离子晶体：正负离子间通过静电引力（离子键）结合在一起的一类晶体。离子晶体的晶格结点上交替排列着正负离子，结点之间通过离子键相互结合。2、分子晶体：分子以分子间力或氢键结合而形成地一类晶体。即晶格结点上排列着中性分子，粒子间的结合力为分子间力或氢键。3、原子晶体：原子通过共价键而形成的一类晶体。即在晶格结点上，排列着一个个中性原子，原子间以共价键相结合。4、金属晶体：金属原子（或离子）之间通过金属键而形成的晶体。即晶格结点上排列着中性原子或金属离子，粒子间的

11、结合力为金属键。文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H

12、7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8

13、H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR

14、8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 Z

15、R8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6

16、ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6

17、 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10 2.非晶体微粒无序排列，外观无有规则的几何外形，无一定

18、熔点。3.过渡型晶体处于从一种典型的基本晶体类型向另一种典型的基本晶体类型的过渡途中，这类晶体称为过渡型晶体。4.固体吸附剂固体表面的粒子有剩余的吸引力，能吸附其它物质，表面积越大，吸附能力越强。分子筛：由硅铝酸盐组成的孔穴状物，小于孔穴口径的粒子进入孔穴后被吸附，大于孔穴口径的粒子则从晶体边缘通过，起到分离作用。2.3 液体和液晶 1.蒸气压,凝固点，沸点和渗透压 2.表面活性物质 3.液晶2.4 气体和等离子体 1.分压，相对湿度，三*物质的结构和材料的性质3.1 原子核外电子的运动状态 1.波粒二象性 2.量子数 3.能级跃迁和光谱离子极化理论文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F1

19、0W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F

20、10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9

21、F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT

22、9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 H

23、T9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4

24、HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4

25、 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G103.2 元素周期率金属材料 1.能量最低原理2.泡利不相容原理3.洪特规则4.有效核电荷数3.3 化学键分子间力高分

26、子材料 1.分子轨道理论 2.价健理论 3.杂化轨道理论 4.范德华力 5.氢键 6.高分子材料的溶解3.4 晶体缺陷陶瓷和复合材料 1.固体能带理论 2.晶体的缺陷和晶体材料文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2

27、G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T

28、2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10

29、T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U1

30、0T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U

31、10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7

32、U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10文档编码:CZ1O2V5M1C4 HT9F10W6E8F6 ZR8H7U10T2G10