2022年定语从句讲解与练习 .pdf

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1、定语从句讲解和练习一、概念:He is the boy who often goes to school late.先行词关系词定语从句二、原则：a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.三、扩大.She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.Is this the key which you are looking for?October 1,1949 is the day wh

2、en New China was founded.This is the house where the great man was born.I don t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.四、下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.2.先行词为序数词所修饰I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.This is the fi

3、rst composition that he has ever written in English.3.先行词既包括人又包括物They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.4.主句是 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Who is the man that came this morning?Which is the bag that you lost?5.先行词为 the

4、only,the very,the last,the same 所修饰的定语从句He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6.先行词是 everything,nothing,something,all,little,much,everybody等不定代词Tell us everything that you know,please.Is there anything that you dont understand?7.先行词被 all,eve

5、ry,no,some,any,little,much修饰时All that glitters is not gold.I ve read all the books that you gave me.五、“介词+关系词”及关系副词 when,where,why 1).The box is full of bottles.He is standing on the box.-The box on which he is standing is full of bottles.The box where he is standing is full of bottles.2).This is th

6、e train.We work on the train.-This is the train on which we work.This is the train where we work.3).I know the reason.She did it for the reason.-I know the reason for which she did it.I know the reason why she did it.4).The man is our school master.You shook hands with the man just now.-The man with

7、 whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.5).The pen is made in Shanghai.She is writing with the pen.-The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.不能拆开的词组：look for/look after/catch hold of/take care of/put on/take off.六、非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充，说明的作用，常用逗号分开。关系代词用who(m),which，关系副词用 where,when.非限制性定语

8、从句不能用that来引导.This was the American Civil War,which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He was taken to another room,where he found a wounded boy,who was dying.七、as 作为关系代词，习惯上用于下列词组：the same.as such.as as.as，soas 1.Take as many books as you want.2.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

9、3.He read such books as will make him wiser.4.The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：as you know,as we have seen,as is known to all,as anybody can see,as was expected,as we can imagine,as has been pointed out as与 which 的用法区别：as与 which 在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个主句

10、，但as 引导的从句可放在主句的句首,句中或句尾，而 which 引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾As we have seen,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth,as we have seen.She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honour.八、the same as,the same that 的区别This is the same b

11、ag as I lost yesterday.（相似的事物）I am wearing the same coat that I wore yesterday.（同一事物）九、定语从句和同位语从句的区别:定语从句相当于形容词作定语，对先行词加以限制或修饰，同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词加以补充或说明，连接词that 在定语从句中充当某个成分，而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分.The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy.（定语从句）The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made

12、us happy.(同位语从句)The news that they had won came.十、关系代词 what 和 that,which 的区别:先比较下列句子中的what 和 that:He told us the things that he had seen.-He told us what he had seen.This is the words which I said.-This is what I said.可以看出 what 实际上等于是“the thing that(which)”,即“先行词+关系词”.因此在句中如果已有先行词，则不能用 what，而只能用that

13、(which)，如没有先行词，则用what。what 是一个没有先行词的关系词。定语从句练习一.用适当的关系词填空：1.We are learning English,a language _ is used in many places in the world.2.Most Americans love Chinese food,_ is cooked in a different way from western food.3.This magazine belongs to the teacher _ teaches us history.4.Anyone _ comes to Chi

14、na will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.5.Anyone _ has a cold should have a good rest.6.The house _ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.7.The medicine _ he bought is good for your health.8.He is the only person _ saw the accident yesterday.9.Tom is trying to read in the room

15、_ the others are watching TV.10.We wont forget the day _the hero was killed.11.The student _ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.12.The newspaper _ you are reading is two days old.13.Do you remember the time _ we got lost in the park?14.Ill never forget the

16、time _ we spent together in the army camp.15.They are building a hospital on the street _ we used to live.16.The present _ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.17.Happiness is one of the things _ money cannot buy.18.This is the hospital _ her mother works.19.Ill never forget the day _ I j

17、oined the League.20.The house _ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.21.The man _ wife died last year has gone to Japan.22.Tell me the reason _ the American lady left.23.Do you know the boy _ was praised at the meeting?24.I know the girl _ the teacher praised yesterday.25.Allen is the girl _ I

18、 think will succeed in the test.26.Everything _ I know will be taught to the students.27.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.28.The manager walked toward the gate _ the workers are waiting.29.You cant go into this room _ they are having a meeting.30.I still remember the days _ we studied togeth

19、er.31.The picture _ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32.Don t make the same mistake _ you did last time.33.He failed in the exam,_ surprised us all.34.He did all _ was necessary to be done.35.Her parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.36.Tom,_ parents are poor workers,a

20、lways goes hungry.二.用“介词+关系代词”填空：1.Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?2.The man _ _ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.3.The library _ _ we often borrow books is very large.4.The gentleman _ _ you just spoke is our headmaster.5.This is the new bicycle _ _ I spent five hundred d

21、ollars.6.Here are the table tennis players,some _ _ are our old friends.7.The tool _ _ he is working is called a spade.8.China has hundreds of islands,the largest _ _ is Taiwan.9.The school has 2600 students,two thirds _ _ are girls.10.Water is a liquid,the freezing point _ _ is 0C.11.Give me a piec

22、e of paper _ _ I can write the phone number.12.The boy built a telescope _ _ he could study the skies.三.选择填空：1.The village _ I once worked has changed a lot.A.which B.where C.that D./2.China is a developing country,_ we all know.A.whom B.as C.that D.which 3.He told me of the people and interesting t

23、hings _ he had seen in America.A.which B.whom C.what D./4.Was it at a theater _ they met?A.where B.that C.which D.in which 5.The picture which has many flowers in is _ I like best.A.which B.that C.the one D.where 6.The knife _ he cut the bread is very sharp.A.with which B.with it C.with that D.which

24、 7.It is you that _ wrong.A.is B.was C.are D.has been 8.He is one of the foreign experts who _ Chinese.A.knows B.know C.is known D.are known 9.In the old house,Tom washed the ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for years.A.these B.those C.that D.which 10.Alice is the only one of the students in

25、 our school who _ Australia?A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to 11.Pass me the book _ cover is red.A.which B.whose C.what D.that 12.Is this the hospital _ you visited the other day?A.which B.where C.in which D.at which 13.Is this factory _ you want to visit tomorrow?A.which B.t

26、hat C.where D.the one 14.He has lost the key to the desk _ the papers are kept.A.which B.that C.in which D.in that 15.The mice built tunnels _ they can get rice in the fields.A.which B.on which C.by which D.through which 16.He ll remember the days _ he spent with his pupils.A./B.where C.what D.in wh

27、ich 17.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 18.Is it in this house _ he was born?A.which B.where C.that D.in which 19.He is not _ a fool _.A.such as he is looked B.such as he looks C.as as he is looked D.so as he looks20.Do you r

28、emember the village _ in 1978?A.where we went to B.where we went C.which we went D.that we went 21.Do you know the student _?A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk C.I often talk with D.that I often talk 22.He met my mother,from _ he got the news of my marriage.A.who B.whom C.which D.her 23.The

29、 man _ has gone to Beijing.A.whom I told you B.which I told you C.whom I told you about him D.I told you about 24.It is the third time that I _ here.A.had been B.was C.have been D.will be 25.Have you visited the bridge _ the workers have just finished building _?A./B.where it C.where/D./it26.He lost

30、 the money _ he would pay for his education A.whom B.which C.of whom D.of which 27.You d better let the children read such books _ will make them better and cleverer.A.which B.that C./D.as 28.It _ Jack and Mary who _ the broken chair the other day.A.isis repairingB.were repairedC.are repair D.was re

31、paired29.It was in the hall _ we have dinner _ we held a party last night.A.where that B.that where C.where which D.which where30.The watch he _ went wrong again.A.had to be mended B.has mended C.had had mended D.had been mended 31._ I want badly is a new sports car.A.All that B.All what C.All which

32、 D.The thing what 32.A survey was carried out on the death rate of newly born babies in that region,_ were surprising.A.the results of it B.as results C.the results of which D.which results 33.He came back late,_ which time all the guests had already left.A.after B.by C.at D.during 34.Ive never been

33、 to Beijing,but its the place _.A.where Id like to visit B.I most want to visit C.in which Id like to visit D.that I want to visit it most 35.Charlie Chaplin,_ was born in 1889,is one of the greatest actors _ the history of the cinema.A.thatin B.who in C.thaton D.who on36.He often wrote to the write

34、rs _ he thought would help him to become a writer,too.A.whom B.who C.when D.because 37.The watch _ belongs to me.A.which it is on the table B.lying on the table C.is on the table D.lain on the table 38.This is the only work _ at the moment.A.which I can do B.that I can do it C.I can do D.what I can

35、do 39.It was three years ago _ Mr.Smith came to Shanghai A.when B.since C.that D.until 40._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(1999)A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 41._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It

36、 42.It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A.what that B.that.thatC.what what D.that what 43._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000)A.What why B.That what C.What because D.Why that44.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.(20

37、00)A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 45.She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.where B.when C.in which D.that 46._ the boy said turned out to be true.A.Which B.All what C.What D.Where 47.This is _ the river was polluted.A.what B.how C.that D.whether 48.These books

38、 _ he read some were written by Lu Xun.A.which B.among which C.of which D.with which 49.The chemical works they paid a visit _ south of the town.A.stands to B.stand to C.to stands D.to stand to 50.In Shanghai many tall buildings have been put up _ there used to be poor old houses.A.that B.where C.wh

39、ich D.when 51.Greenland,_ island in the world,covers over two million square kilometers.(2000)A.it is the largest B.that is the largest C.is the largest D.the largest 52.He s got himself into dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001)A.where B.which C.while D.why 53.It i

40、s these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.(2003)A.who B.that C.how D.what 54.I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English word and expressions but couldn t write a good essay.(2003)A.why B.which C.as D.where 55.American

41、 women usually identify their friends as someone _they can talk frequently.(2004)A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom 四、中译英1、这个班上有 30 位学生，大多数来自城市。2、他是当时唯一在场的人。3、凡是你知道的关于本书作者的情况请都告诉我。4、他已不再是 5 年前那个头脑简单的他了。5、他们租了两条船，乘船来到了那条河的源头。6、我从报上得知，更多的美国部队正在被派往中东。7、众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。8、那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美景。9

42、、我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。Keys:一.用适当的关系词填空：1.which 2.which 3.who 4.that/that 5.who 6.which 7.which 8.that 9.where 10.when 11.whom 12.which 13.when 14.which 15.where 16.which 17.that/which 18.where 19.when 20.which 21.whose 22.why 23.who 24.whom 25.who 26.that 27.that 28.where 29.where 30.when 31.which 32.

43、as 33.which 34.that 35.whose 36.whose 二.用“介词+关系代词”填空：1.in which 2.with whom 3.from which 4.to whom 5.on which 6.of whom 7.with which 8.of which 9.of whom 10.of which 11.on which 12.through which 三.选择填空：1-5 BBDBC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 BADCD 16-20 ADCBB 21-25 CBDCA 26-30 BDDAC 31-35 ACBBB 36-40 BBCCD 41-45

44、 BAABA 46-50 CBCCB 四.中译英1.There are thirty students in the class,most of whom are from the city.2.He is the only person that was present at the time.3.Please just tell me anything that you know about the author of the book.4.He is no longer the simple-minded man that he was five years ago.5.They hir

45、ed two boats in which they came up to the source of the river.6.More American troops are being sent to the Middle East,as(which)I have learnt from the newspaper.7.As we all know,success comes from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done/achieved.8.It s very hard for those who haven t been to t

46、he small village to describe its beauty.9.I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查，涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容，以下就中考书面表达的写作方法和注意事项进行指导：一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如

47、果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如 ago，last 过去时next，in 将来时等人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。例如：Thanks to the teachers,we have improved our English.其中 we和 our 就是人称的统一。格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3 中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子

48、结构（如主谓宾，主系表等）。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。常用连接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second And then，Finally，In the end，At last 2.表并列补充关系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，Inaddition 3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，b

49、ut Although+clause（从句），In spite of+n/doing On the one hand On the other handSome，while others4.表因果关系的：Because，As So，Thus，Therefore，As a result 5.表换一种方式表达：In other words 6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact 8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion 9.表总结：In short，In

50、a word，In conclusion，In summary 文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautifulandprosperous.状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment,ourhometown will become clean and beautiful.动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.It s bad for our eyes