2022年小升初数学备战辅导知识归纳 .pdf
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1、小升初数学备考小升初数学知识点之比和比例比和比例1.比的意义和性质(1)比的意义两个数相除又叫做两个数的比。“:”是比号,读作“比”。比号前面的数叫做比的前项,比号后面的数叫做比的后项。比的前项除以后项所得的商,叫做比值。同除法比较,比的前项相当于被除数,后项相当于除数,比值相当于商。比值通常用分数表示,也可以用小数表示,有时也可能是整数。比的后项不能是零。根据分数与除法的关系,可知比的前项相当于分子,后项相当于分母,比值相当于分数值。(2)比的性质比的前项和后项同时乘上或者除以相同的数(0 除外),比值不变,这叫做比的基本性质。(3)求比值和化简比求比值的方法:用比的前项除以后项,它的结果是
2、一个数值可以是整数,也可以是小数或分数。根据比的基本性质可以把比化成最简单的整数比。它的结果必须是一个最简比,即前、后项是互质的数。(4)比例尺图上距离:实际距离=比例尺要求会求比例尺;已知图上距离和比例尺求实际距离;已知实际距离和比例尺求图上距离。线段比例尺:在图上附有一条注有数目的线段,用来表示和地面上相对应的实际距离。(5)按比例分配在农业生产和日常生活中,常常需要把一个数量按照一定的比来进行分配。这种分配的方法通常叫做按比例分配。方法:首先求出各部分占总量的几分之几,然后求出总数的几分之几是多少。2、比例的意义和性质(1)比例的意义表示两个比相等的式子叫做比例。组成比例的四个数,叫做比
3、例的项。两端的两项叫做外项,中间的两项叫做内项。(2)比例的性质在比例里,两个外项的积等于两个两个内向的积。这叫做比例的基本性质。(3)解比例根据比例的基本性质,如果已知比例中的任何三项,就可以求出这个数比例中的另外一个未知项。求比例中的未知项,叫做解比例。3、正比例和反比例(1)成正比例的量两种相关联的量,一种量变化,另一种量也随着变化,如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的比值(也就是商)一定,这两种量就叫做成正比例的量,他们的关系叫做正比例关系。用字母表示y/x=k(一定)(2)成反比例的量两种相关联的量,一种量变化,另一种量也随着变化,如果这两种量中相对应的两个数的积一定,这两种量就叫做成反比
4、例的量,他们的关系叫做反比例关系。用字母表示xy=k(一定)文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1
5、 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1
6、R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8
7、 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6
8、S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2
9、文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:C
10、F2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2小升初数学备考小升初数学知识点之用字母表示数用字母表示数1、用字母表示数的意义和作用*用字母表示数,可以把数
11、量关系简明的表达出来,同时也可以表示运算的结果。2、用字母表示常见的数量关系、运算定律和性质、几何形体的计算公式(1)常见的数量关系路程用 s 表示,速度v 用表示,时间用t 表示,三者之间的关系:s=vt v=s/t t=s/v 总价用 a 表示,单价用b 表示,数量用c 表示,三者之间的关系:a=bc b=a/c c=a/b(2)运算定律和性质加法交换律:a+b=b+a 加法结合律:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)乘法交换律:ab=ba 乘法结合律:(ab)c=a(bc)乘法分配律:(a+b)c=ac+bc 文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2
12、文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:C
13、F2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H
14、10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1
15、 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1
16、R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8
17、 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6
18、S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2减法的性质:a-(b+c)=a-b-c (3)用字母表示几何形体的公式长方形的长用a 表示,宽用b 表示,周长用c 表示,面积用s 表示。c=2(a+b)s=ab 正方形的边长a 用表示,周长用c 表示,面积用s 表示。c=4a s=a2 平行四边形的
19、底a 用表示,高用h 表示,面积用s 表示。s=ah 三角形的底用a 表示,高用h 表示,面积用s 表示。s=ah/2 梯形的上底用a 表示,下底b 用表示,高用h 表示,中位线用m表示,面积用s 表示。s=(a+b)h/2 s=mh 圆的半径用r 表示,直径用d 表示,周长用c 表示,面积用s 表示。c=d=2r s=r2 扇形的半径用r 表示,n 表示圆心角的度数,面积用s 表示。s=nr2/360 长方体的长用a 表示,宽用b 表示,高用h 表示,表面积用s 表示,体积用v 表示。v=sh 文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF
20、2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H1
21、0Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1
22、HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R
23、4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8
24、ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S
25、7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文档编码:CF2G10H10Y1G1 HA2A1R4O6W8 ZL8Y6S7K4J2文
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