2022年必修1文言知识归纳 .pdf

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1、1 必修 1 文言知识归纳烛之武退秦师一、通假字1今老矣，无能为也已（已，通“矣”，语气词，了。）2共其乏困（共，通“供”，供给。）3夫晋，何厌之有（厌，通“餍”，满足。）4若不阙秦，将焉取之（阙，通“缺”，侵损，削减。）5秦伯说，与郑人盟（说，通“悦”，高兴。）6失其所与，不知（知，通“智”，明智。）二、古今异义1贰于楚也古：从属二主，动词；今：“二”的大写，数词。2若舍郑以为东道主古：东方道路上的主人；今：泛指设宴请客的主人。3行李之往来，共其乏困古：使者，出使的人；今：指外出之人随身携带的物品。4微夫人之力不及此古：那个人；今：尊称一般人的妻子。三、词类活用（例句）（一）名词活用1.名词

2、作状语夜缒而出（表时间，在晚上）朝济而夕设版焉（表时间，在早上，在晚上）既东封郑（表处所，在东边）2.名词作动词晋军函陵/秦军汜南（名词用作动词，驻扎）与郑人盟（名词作动词，结盟、订立同盟）3.名词的使动与意动既东封郑（封：疆界。名作使动，使 成为疆界）阙秦以利晋（利：利益、好处。名词作使动，使 得利）越国以鄙远（鄙：边邑。名词作意动，把 当作边邑）（二）动词的活用1.动词作名词且君尝为晋君赐矣（赐，动词作名词，恩惠）2.动词的使动若不阙秦（使动用法，使 削减）若亡郑而有益于君（使动，使 灭亡）烛之武退秦师（使动，使 退却（撤兵）（三）形容词的活用1.形容词作名词越国以鄙远（远，远地）臣之壮也

3、（壮，壮年人）今老矣（老，老年人）邻之厚，君之薄也（厚，雄厚的势力；薄，单薄的力量）共其乏困（乏困，缺少的东西）2.形容词作动词因人之力而敝之，不仁（形容词作动词，损害）（四）数词活用2 且贰于楚也（数词“贰”活用为动词，从属二主）四、一词多义（一）重要实词：1.贰“二”的大写。（例：国不堪贰，君将若之何？左传 隐公元年）副职（例：其内任卿贰以上。梁启超少年中国说）不专一（例：贰则疑惑。荀子 解蔽）离心，背叛（例：夫诸侯之贿，聚于公室，则诸侯贰。左传）再，重复。（例：不迁怒，不贰过。论语 雍也）从属二主。（本文：以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。）2.鄙边邑，边远的地方（例：为学：“蜀之鄙有二僧。”）

4、（本文：“越国以鄙远”）庸俗，鄙陋。（例：左传 庄公十年：“肉食者鄙，未能远谋。”）看不起，轻视。（例：左传 昭公十六年：“我皆有礼，夫犹鄙我。”）3.许准许（同现代汉语）答应，听从（例：本文：“许之”、“许君焦、暇”）赞同（例愚公移山：“杂然相许。”）约数（例：小石潭记：“潭中鱼可百许头。”）表处所（例：陶渊明五柳先生传：“先生，不知何许人也。”）4.阙qu 古代宫殿前两边的高建筑物。（虢君闻之大惊，出见扁鹊于中阙史记 扁鹊传）qu 城楼qu 皇宫，引申为朝廷（诣阙上书，书久不报汉书 朱买臣传）qu 通“缺”，缺少，空缺（去年米贵缺军粮，今年米贱大伤农。杜甫岁宴行）qu，缺点，过错（有驰慢之

5、阙。嵇康与山巨源绝交书）ju 侵损，削减。（本文：若不阙秦）ju 挖掘（若阙地及泉左传 昭公二十年）5.微细小，轻微（同现义）衰败（国势衰微）卑贱（例：史记 曹相国世家：“参如微时，与萧何善。”）幽微，精妙。微言大义（成语）隐蔽，不显露。见微知著（成语）假如没有。（例：岳阳楼记：“微斯人，吾谁与归？”）（本文：微夫人之力不及此）6.敝坏，破旧。（例：方苞左忠毅公逸事：“使史更敝衣草屦。”）谦词敝人疲惫（例：资治通鉴：“曹操之众，远来疲敝。”）损害，衰败。（本文：因人之力以敝之。）（二）重要虚词1.以以其无礼于晋（因为，连词）敢以烦执事（拿，用，介词）文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M

6、4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4

7、A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY

8、9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS

9、1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9

10、X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:

11、CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1

12、HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B23 越国以鄙远（表顺承，连词）焉用亡郑以陪邻？（表顺承，连词）若舍郑以为东道主（把，介词）2.而今急而求子（才，连词，表顺承）夜缒而出（表修饰，连词）若亡郑而有利于君（表顺承，连词）朝济而夕设版焉。（表转折，连词）3.焉子亦有不利焉。（啊，句末语气词，表感叹）焉用亡郑以陪邻？（疑问代词，为什么）若不阙秦，将

13、焉取之（疑问代词，哪里）且焉置土石（疑问代词，哪里）以俟夫观人风者得焉（代词，之）永之人争奔走焉（兼词，于此）朝济而夕设版焉（兼词，于之）4.其行李之往来，共其乏困（代词，指代“行李”）越国以鄙远，君知其难也（代词，指代“那件事”）失其所与，不知（代词，自己的）吾其还也（语气词，还是，表商量）5之子犯请击之（代词，他们，指秦军）是寡人之过也（结构助词，的）臣之壮也（主谓间助词，取消句子独立性，不译）夫晋，何厌之有（宾语前置的标志，不译）辍耕之垄上（动词，往、到）五、特殊句式（一）判断句1.是寡人之过也（用“也”表判断）2因人之力而敝之，不仁/失其所与，不知/以乱易整，不武（通过语意直接表判断）

14、（二）倒装句1宾语前置句夫晋，何厌之有（“之”作宾语前置的标志，正常语序：有何厌）2状语后置（介词结构后置）以其无礼于晋 若亡郑而有益于君 佚之狐言于郑伯（三）省略句1.省主语（晋惠公）许君焦、瑕（烛之武）辞曰：“臣之壮也，犹不如人；”（烛之武）夜缒而出（烛之武）许之（秦伯）使杞子、逢孙、扬孙戍之文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y

15、8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2

16、文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T

17、10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T

18、8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3

19、B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I

20、5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E

21、4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B24 2省宾语 敢以（之）烦执事（省略介词宾语，指灭郑之事或退兵之事）若舍郑以（之）为东道主（之：指郑国）3省介词晋军（于）函陵，秦军（于）汜南（省略介词“于”）六、固定句式夫晋，何厌之有（何 之有：表反问的句式，译为：有 的呢）七、课外自己补充一词多义：“之、夫、以、而、焉、其、若、说、辞、鄙、微”。请自己整理到摘抄本上。荆轲刺秦王一、通假字1秦王必说见臣（通“悦”，高兴yu）2使工以药淬火（通“焠”，淬火，烧刃使红，渍于水中cu）3日以尽矣（通“已”，已经）4而燕国见陵之耻除矣（通“凌”，凌辱）5今日往而不反者（通“返”）6请辞决矣（通“诀”，诀别）7燕王诚

22、振怖大王之威（通“震”，震慑）8设九宾（通“傧”，傧相 b nxi ng，迎宾赞礼的人。傧，旧读b n。）9图穷而匕首见（通“现”）10秦王还柱而走（通“环”，绕）11荆轲奉樊於期头函（通“捧”）12卒起不意（通“猝”）二、文言实词1今行而无信，则秦未可亲也（动词，亲近，接近）2秦之遇将军，可谓深矣（形容词，刻毒）3可以解燕国之患（动词，解除，解救）4人不敢与忤视（动词，有勇气做，敢于）5壮士一去兮不复还（动词，回来）6秦王复击轲，被八创（动词，遭受）7持千金之资币物（名词，资财、钱物）8乃骇而图之（动词，图谋，筹画）9拔剑，剑长，操其室（名词，剑鞘）10非有诏不得上（名词，皇帝下的命令，诏书

23、）三、词类活用（一）名词的活用1名词作状语 进兵北略地（方位名词作状语，向北）函封之（名词作状语，用匣子）发尽上指冠（名词作状语，向上）箕踞以骂曰（名词作状语，象簸箕一样）秦兵旦暮渡易水（名词作状语，马上）2名词作动词 前为谢曰（方位名词作动词，走上前）文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E

24、9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M

25、4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4

26、A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY

27、9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS

28、1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9

29、X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B25 樊於期

30、乃前曰（方位名词活用为动词，走上前）左右既前（方位名词活用为动词，走上前）太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之（白衣冠：名作动，穿白衣，戴白帽）乃朝服，设九宾（朝服：名作动，穿朝服）（二）动词的活用使使以闻大王（动词的使动用法，使听到）（三）形容词的活用1形容词作名词其人居远（形容词活用作名词，远方）2形容词作动词则秦未可亲也（形容词作动词，亲近、接近）3形容词的意动太子迟之（形容词意动用法，以为迟）群臣怪之（形容词意动用法，以为怪）四、古今异义1、仰天太息流涕（古义：眼泪。今义：鼻涕）2、樊将军以穷困来归丹（古义：走投无路，陷于困境。今义：生活贫困，经济困难）3、丹不忍以己之私，而伤长者之意（

31、古义：品德高尚之人，此指樊将军。今义：年长之人）4、将军岂有意乎（古义：有心意，此引申为同意、愿意。今义还有“故意”之意）5、秦之遇将军，可谓深矣（遇，古义：对待。今义：遇到，碰到。深，古义：刻毒，今义：有深度，与“浅”相对）6、于是太子预求天下之利匕首（古义：在这时，今义；表顺承关系或另提一事）7、终已不顾（古义：不回头。今义：不照顾，不考虑不顾忌）8、左右乃曰（古义：皇帝周围的侍卫人员。今义：表两种方向；或表大体范围；有时亦有控制之义）9、今有一言，可以解燕国之患（古义：可以用它来，为“可以之”的省略。今义：表可能、能够、许可）10、秦王购之金千斤（金：古代指金属总称，用于流通货币时，先秦

32、指黄金，后来指银，文中指铜。今义：特指黄金）11持千金之资币物（古义：礼物今义：货币）12樊於期偏袒扼腕而进（古义：袒露一只臂膀今义：袒护双方中的某一方）13诸郎中执兵（古义：宫廷的侍卫今义：中医医生）14乃引其匕首提秦王（古义：投击今义：拿着）五、特殊句式（一）判断句1此臣日夜切齿拊心也（判断句）2今日往而不反者，竖子也（判断句）3仆所以留才，待吾客与俱（判断句）4事所以不成者，乃欲以生劫之（判断句）（二）省略句5秦王购之(以)金千斤(省略介词“以”)（省略句）6取之(以)百金(省略介词“以”)（省略句）7欲与(之)俱(往)(省略介词宾语和谓语)（省略句）8待吾客与(之)俱(往)(同上)（省

33、略句）文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9

34、I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4

35、E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A

36、8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9

37、E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1

38、M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X

39、4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B26 9其人居远未来，而为(之)留待(省略介词宾语)(省略句)10嘉为(之)先言于秦王曰(同上)(省略句)11乃(穿)朝服，设九宾(省略谓语)(省略句)12见燕使者(于)咸阳宫(省略介词)(省略介词)13使(之)毕使于前(省略兼语)(省略介词)(省略句)14群

40、臣侍(于)殿上者，不得持尺兵(省略介词)(省略句)15献(于)秦王(省略介词)(省略句)16比(于)诸侯之列(省略介词)(省略句)17而(按)秦法(根据文意省略)(省略句)18皆陈(于)殿下(省略介词)(省略句)（三）被动句19父母宗族，皆为戮没（被动句）20燕国见陵之耻除矣（被动句）（四）倒装句21常痛于骨髓(状语后置句)22嘉为先言于秦王(状语后置句)23燕王拜送于庭(状语后置句)24使毕使于前(状语后置句)25太子及宾客知其事者(定语后置句)26群臣侍殿上者(定语后置)27秦王购之(以)金千斤，邑万家(介宾短语后置，数量词作定语后置)六、固定结构1臣乃得有以报太子(“有以”，意为：有用来

41、的办法)2而卒惶急无以击轲(“无以”，意为：没有用来的办法)3将奈何（表疑问，怎么。下文“为之奈何”“既已无可奈何”意同。4荆轲有所待（意为：有的人东西。“所”后常跟动词组成“所”字结构，作“有”的宾语）5将军岂有意乎（表揣度，是否呢）6荆卿岂无意哉（表反问，难道吗）7仆所以留者（复音虚词“所以”常引出表原因、手段等的分句，译为：的原因）8事所以不成者（同上）七、成语典故1切齿拊心：语出本文，又作“切齿腐心”。形容愤恨到极点。2一去不复返：语出本文。一去之后就不再回来。后亦称人或者已成陈迹。唐崔颢黄鹤楼诗：“黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。”3发上指冠：语出庄子盗跖：“盗跖闻之大怒，目如明星，

42、发上指冠。”毛发竖起的样子。形容极度愤怒。本文“士皆目真目，发尽上指冠”暗引此语。4图穷匕首见：语出本文。比喻事情发展到了最后，真相或本意显露出来。5无可奈何：语出本文。没有办法，无法可想。表示事已如此，再要挽回已是无能为力。6悲歌击筑：亦作“悲歌易水”。典出本文。常用以抒写悲壮苍凉的气氛。7变徵之声：语出史记刺客列传：“高渐离击筑，荆轲和而歌，为变徵之声，士皆垂泪涕泣。”乐声中的徵调变化，常作悲壮之声。徵，古代五声之一，读zh。八、一词多义（一）实词文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 Z

43、O9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编

44、码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V

45、1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8

46、 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文

47、档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T1

48、0V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8

49、Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B2文档编码:CY9E9I5T10V1 HS1M4E4T8Y8 ZO9X4A8D3B27 1亲今行而无信，则秦未可亲也动词，亲近，接近。臣所以去亲戚而事君者名词，父母。每得降卒，必亲引问委曲副词，亲自。我有亲父母，逼迫兼弟兄形容词，亲生的。2深秦之遇将军，可谓深矣形容词，刻毒。以其求思之深而无不在也形容词，深刻。夜深忽梦少年事形容词，(时间)久。桃花潭水深千尺名词，深度。一说，形容词。子布、元表诸人各顾妻子，深失所望副词，很，十分。3解可以解燕国之患动词，解除，解救。庖丁为文惠君解牛动词，

50、此用本义，用刀剖开动物肢体。少年大骇，急解令休止动词，分开。后经吾婉解，虽不谓吾言为是动词，解释。毁其盆，解其棕缚动词，解开。土崩瓦解动词，分裂，涣散。师者，所以传道受业解惑也动词，解答。谓颜太师以兵解动词，解脱躯壳而成仙，解脱。缉捕使臣已将秋公解进动词，解送，读ji。解元乡试中第一名为“解元”，读 ji。4教乃今得闻教名词，指教，ji o。曲罢曾教善才服动词，使，让，ji o。乃修教三年，执干戚舞名词，教化。读ji o。十三教汝织动词，传授知识技能，读ji o。5敢人不敢与忤视动词，有勇气做，敢于。进止敢自专副词，表反诘语气，为“岂敢、不敢”的省词。6还壮士一去兮不复还动词，回来。秦王还柱而