2022年平行与垂直教学设计和反思 .pdf
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1、平行与垂直教学设计岳阳市南湖新区双塘小学范淑清教学内容:人教版小学数学四年级上册第 56 页-57 页。教学目标:知识与技能:1、让学生结合生活情境,通过自主探究活动,初步理解平行与垂直是同一平面内两条直线的两种特殊的位置关系,初步认识平行线和垂线。2、通过讨论交流,使学生独立思考能力与合作精神得到和谐发展。3、在比较分析、综合的观察与思维中渗透极限、分类的思想方法。过程与方法:通过观察、操作、比较、概括等学习活动,让学生经历认识垂直与平行线的过程,掌握其特征。情感态度和价值观:培养学生学以致用的习惯,体会数学的应用与美感,激发学生学习数学的兴趣、增强自信心。教学重点:建立平行与垂直的概念教学
2、难点:理解“同一平面”“互相平行”和“互相垂直”的含义教学方法:引导启发法,讲解法。学生学法:自主探究与合作交流教学准备:尺子、课件、量角器、三角板教学过程:一、情境导学1、神奇的魔方:感知同一个面2、西游记片断,回顾直线的特征。3、引出研究内容:同一平面内的两条直线有怎样的位置关系呢?二、合作研学(一)画一画自主操作,反馈展示。1、把纸看作一个平面,用笔任意画两条直线。2、思考:两条直线存在着什么样的位置关系呢?3、教师巡视,集中显示典型图形,强化图形表征。(1)展示其中一些同学的作品。(2)除了展示板上的这几种情况,其他小组还有补充吗?(二)分一分小组讨论交流,探索图形特征。1、整理图形,
3、把其中具有代表性的图形通过电脑课件来展示,并编上序号。这些图形,同学们能不能对它们进行分类呢?可以分成几类?为什么这样分?2、尝试把摆出的图形进行分类。(教师参与讨论,强调学生说明分类的标准)3、把直线想象成无限长,再次分类。4、小结:同一平面内两条直线之间的位置关系只有“相交”或者“不相交”两种。(三)归纳特征,构建新知1、认识平行A、现在,把不相交的两条直线举起来。我们给这两条直线分别取个名字:直线 a与直线 b。对于在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线还有一个特别的名称。你知道是什么吗?B、阅读课本第 56 页,思考:什么叫平行线?怎样表示平行线?文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X
4、7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M
5、4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1
6、N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M
7、5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V
8、8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:C
9、H1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ
10、6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6你是怎么理解互相平行的?C、像这样在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线叫做平行线,也可说这两条直线互相平行。所以直线 a与直线 b 是一组平行线,也可以说直线 a与直线 b 互相平行。D、为什么要限定是在同一平面内?谁来说说。刚才说直线 a与直线 b 互相平行,互相平行是什么意思?两条直线 a 和 b 互相平行,就
11、是说直线a 是直线 b 的平行线,直线 b 是直线 a的平行线。(记作 ab,读作 a 平行于 b)想一想:那我这样说对不对,直线a 是平行线。E、那你能再深入思考一下,平行线间的宽是一样的吗?(一样宽,所以平行线无论怎样延伸都不会相交。)F、说一说你身边的平行现象。2、认识垂直师:我们已经分析完了在同一平面内,不相交的两条直线,现在再来看看相交的两条直线,一样给这两条直线分别取个名字直线a 与直线 b。量一量,所画的两条相交直线组成的角度分别是多少?你们发现了什么?一种特殊位置关系:两条直线相交成直角。A、阅读课本第 57页,思考:什么叫互相垂直?什么叫垂线?互相垂直的两条直线的交点叫什么?
12、B、像这种在同一平面内,两条直线相交成直角,就说这两条直线互相垂直,其中一条直线叫做另一条直线的垂线。这两条直线的交点叫垂足。直线 a 和直线 b 互相垂直,也就是说直线a 是直线 b 的垂线,直线 b 是直线a 的垂线。文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I
13、5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X
14、2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9
15、V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X
16、7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M
17、4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1
18、N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6(记作 ab,读作 a 垂直于 b)C、找
19、一找你身边的互相垂直的现象。3、今天我们就要一起来认识认识平行与垂直。(揭示课题)4、其实我们每天都在和垂线与平行线打交道。你们看:书本面相邻的两边是互相垂直的,相对的两边是互相平行的。同学们,你们还能找一找、想一想你的身边还有哪些物体的边是互相垂直的,哪些物体的边是互相平行的?找到后快快把你的发现告诉同组的同学。5、学生试着说概念师归纳总结并板书。互相平行和互相垂直、垂线和垂足的概念.三、检测析学(一)完成书第 57 页做一做。(二)辨一辨。1、两条直线相交,那么这两条直线互相垂直。2、a是一条平行线。3、不相交的两条直线叫做平行线。四、提升赏学1、欣赏生活中垂直与平行的美。2、创造活动:折
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