2022年动词不定式动名词用法归纳.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -动词的不定式与动名词的用法归纳动词不定式动词不定式：（to ） +do ,具出名词、形容词、副词的特点.否定式： not + to被动语态 do to be done以 do 为例,动词不定式的构成如下：不定式的句法功能：（ 1）作主语：To finish the workin ten minutes is very hard.特别钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.To lose your heartmeans failure.灰心愿味着失败.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后

2、, 例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.特别钟之内完成这项工作是很难的.It means failure to lose your heart.灰心愿味着失败.常用句式有：1、It+be+ 名词 +to do .2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+ 形容词 +of sb +to do.careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise, 等表示颂扬或批判的形容词,不定

3、式前的sb. 可作其规律主语.（ 2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打扫大厅.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -He appears to have caught a cold.他好像感冒了.（ 3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail

4、, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,假如不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语,就用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语（不定式） 后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：Marx found it importantto study the situationin Russia.马克思发觉讨论俄国的情形是很重要的.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here.我只能留在这里,别无挑选.He did nothing last Sunday but repair hi

5、s bike.他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.他给了我们一些学英语的建议.（ 4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语： want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.有些动词如make, let, see, watch,

6、 hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如：I saw him cross the road.我观察他横过大路.He was seen to cross the road.他被我观察横过大路.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -（ 5）作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后与

7、所修饰名词有如下关系： 动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.我有一个会议要出席.留意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词假如是的点、工具等,应有必要的介词 ,如：He found a good house to live in.他找到了一个居住的好房子. The child has nothing to worry about.这个孩子无忧无虑. What did you open it with.你用什么打开它？假如不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live.他无处安家.This is the best

8、 way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好方法. 说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.我们制定了一个完成工作的方案. 被修饰名词是不定式规律主语：He is the first to get here.他第一个来到这儿.（ 6）作状语： 表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.他夜以继日的工作来赚钱.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - -

9、- - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链.留意不定式放句首时,规律主语与句子主语要一样：wrong ： To save money, every means has been tried.right ： To save money, he has tried every means.为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数.wrong ： To learn English well, a d

10、ictionary is needed.right ： To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.为了学好英语,他需要一本词典. 表结果 往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外 ： 常放在neveronly 后He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他来晚了,只见火车已经走了.I visited him only to find him out.我去拜望他,只见他出去了. 表缘由：常放在形容词后面They were very sad to hear the news.他们听到这条新闻特别难过.（

11、 7）作目的状语：既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.说实话,我不喜爱他讲话的方式.（ 8）不定式的省略：保留to 省略 do 动词.If you dont want to do it, you dont need to.假如你不想做这件事,你就不必做.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳

12、- - - - - - - - - - - -（ 9）不定式的并列：其次个不定式可省略to .He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.他期望学医并成为医生.动名词的句法功能：（ 1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的. Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很好玩. 当动名词短语作主语经常用it作形式主语.Its no use quarrelling.争执是没用的.（ 2）作表语：In the ant city, the queens job is layi

13、ng eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.（ 3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam.他们仍没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必需阻挡空气被污染.留意,动名词作宾语时,如跟有宾语补足语,就常用形式宾语it ,例如：We found it no good making fun of others.我们发觉取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（防止） , excuse ,delay, imagin

14、e, keep, miss, consider, admit（ 承认）,deny（ 否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -risk（冒险） , appreciate（感谢） , be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant h

15、elp（情不自禁的）, think of, dream of, be fond of,preventfrom,keepfrom, stop（ from ）,protectfrom, set about, beengaged in, spendin, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like留意事项一、不定式1 “ to ”是 不定式符号仍是介词,以下短语中的to都是介词.agree to object to close to , come to , lea

16、d to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to ,belong to , be used to , look forward to2 带 to仍是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom .（ 但 是：He was seen to enter the classroom .）3 动词不定式规律主语是由for作为标记的.但是

17、有时用of .区分：当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式.而用of 时,句中形容词修饰规律主语.It s necessary for you to study hard .（ necessary修饰to study hard ,表示学习努力是有必要的）It s foolish of him to do it .（ foolish修饰规律主语him ）与 of连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_

18、精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -与 for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词：possible , impossible, easy , hard , difficult, necessary , 4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree

19、, know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语.例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important .而说 We think it important to obey the laws .5.不定式作宾语补足语时省

20、略to 的情形： 如不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词 make ,let ,have（表示 “让、使 ”）、感官动词see ,watch ,look at , observe , notice, hear , listen to, feel时,不定式符号to 可以省略. 这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”.例如：Lets（ to ） go；走吧；He saw the thief（ to ） steal a lady s cellphone.注：改为被动句时要把to 仍原,例如：The thief was seentosteal a lady s cellphone.6不定式作定语,应留

21、意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no place to live in .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下

22、载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -I think the best way to travel by is on foot . There is no time to think about .2）主谓关系：She is always the last person to speak at the meeting .7不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义：1） 原 因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry

23、 , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2) 目的He came to help me with my maths .3) 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school .8 .不定

24、式作补足语I saw him play in the street just now .能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice注:当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to ,如：He was seen to play in the street just now.二动名词1 There s no telling what will happen .=It s impossible to tellwhat will happen .= No

25、 one can tell what will happen .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2 It s no use talking with him .It s no good speaking to them like that .3 There s some difficulty in doing 在此句型中 ,difficu

26、lty可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time留意以下几个问题：1以下动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区分,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_forget to do遗忘 要做某事forget doing忘 记做过了某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_remember to do记住要做某事remember doing记着曾做过某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_mean to do打 算要做某事mean doing意 味着做了某事可编辑资料

27、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_regret to do（ do 指代有限的几个词,如say 、tell ） 很愧疚要告知你 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_regret doing懊悔 做过某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_can t help to do不能帮忙做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_can t help doing情不 自禁做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_try to do尽 力去做某事try doing试着做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_learn to do学着 去做某事

28、learn doing学 会做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_stop to do停 下来去做（另一件事）stop doing停 止做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_go on to do接 着做（另外一件事）go on doing继 续做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_used to do过 去做某事be used to doing习惯 做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_

29、2动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区分动名词作定语表达n+ for doing的含义可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -现在分词作定语表达n+whichwho be doing的含义如： a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running

30、前者是动名词,后者是现在分词又如：drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy3 动名词的规律主语：动名词的规律主语为代词或名词的全部格形式.例如： His coming made us very happy .4 动名词主动形式表被动的情形：need doing , want doing , require doing例如：This room needs painting .这个房间需要粉刷.6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny ,

31、 enjoy , escape , excuse ,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , getdownto,feellike,ca n thelp,can tstand,beusedto,insiston ,succeed in , set about, give up , include ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载