2022年定语从句翻译.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1.前置合译法（前滚翻） ：定语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如定语从句较短,较简洁,与先行词（名词）的关系紧密（一般来说,紧密的,为限定性从句.不紧密的,为非限定性从句）, 限定性定语从句及少部分非限定 性从句 较短且有描述性的非限定, 一般将从句提在先行词之前,译成“的” 1The action it takes at any momentcan t be predicted,and people fitnhdat disturbi

2、ng.分析：后一个that 引导宾语从句,指代前面的事情.翻译：它 在任何一个时刻实行的 行动都无法预见, 这件事 使人们感到担心.2I was, to borrow from John Le Carre 插入语 , the spy间谍who was to stay out in the cold.分析：插入语,作状语,译成汉语时,放在句首翻译： 借用约翰 .李.卡雷的话来说 ,我是一名 被打入冷宫的 间谍.3) There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析：定语从句中含有定语从句,

3、主句是when 引导的定语从句,修饰a day翻译：全世界人民 过上幸福生活的 那一天（终究）是会到来的.4) The peoplewho worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译： 在他手下干活 的员工怕他怕得要死.5) We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illwere quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译：给我们留下极深印象的是： （ 同位语的翻

4、译） 即使那些 没有被告知严峻病情的病人,对其疾病的潜在后果也是特别清晰的.6) One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that porkthat is not cooked sufficiently may spread a diseasecalled trichinosis翻译：对禁食猪肉的一种说明是：未被煮透的猪肉 可能会传播一种 叫旋毛虫病的疾病.7) But even more important, it 形式主语 was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into

5、the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.翻译：但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观看到的最遥远的过去的景象,由于他们看到的是 150 亿年前宇宙云的 外形和结构.（ 98 考研）8) Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.分析： a 指一类人翻译：即使是

6、老道的作家 也很可能不能完全描述出打算人的面孔各不相同的全部特点.9) The sun ,which had hidden all day , now came outin all its splendor.翻译：（那个）成天躲在云层里的太阳,现在（如今）又 光线四射的 露面了 介词短语做状语 .10) The emphasis was helped by the speakers mouth, which was wide, thinand hard set.分析：被动语态 +人,人做主语翻译：讲话人 那又阔又薄又紧绷的 嘴巴有助于 他加强说话的语气.11) He liked his sis

7、ter, who was warm and pleasan,t but he did not like his brother, who可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -was aloof and arrogan.t翻译：他喜爱 热忱开心的 妹妹,不喜爱 冷漠傲岸 的哥哥.12But Miggle s laugh, which was ver

8、y infectious, broke the silence.翻译：但是米格尔 富有感染力的 笑声打破了静默.13Yet连词：然而 no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度） of light did not vary.分析： had decised（过去完成时 ,进行过的）翻译：然而在 物理学家所进行过的 任何精细奇妙 的试验中,都没有发觉这种影响： 光速没有变化.2.顺切重复关

9、代法（后置分译法）：如定从较复杂,或与先行词的关系疏松,假如把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话,会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂,不符合汉语表达习惯时.一般用分译法将 从句译成一个句子.2.1 先翻主句,再翻从句,重复关系代词所指代的名词.（英汉两种语言的差异,英语要防止重复,汉语喜爱重复,因此,将指示代词明确之后,重复出来）1) Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the featuresthat make one face different from another.翻译：即使是 最老道的作家 也不行能描述出全部特点,这些

10、特点 能够表达出各人面孔的不同. 2I bought a book which was written by Lu Xun , which wasimposed great impact on several generations.翻译：我买了一本 鲁迅写的 书, 这本书 影响了几代人.3At dinnerI found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly,and a shy drab girlwho seemed even younger than others.分析： girl 的修饰语太多,需要分流翻译：席间,我发觉自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一害羞乏味的女孩

11、子中间,她这个女孩 看上去比其余人都年轻.4A writer infact every one of us inlife 插入语 -needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows翻译：作家 -实际上生活中的每个人 -都需要慈母的力气, 它（ 这种力气） 是制造一切的源泉. 5He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talentsand indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings them those aims wi

12、thin the reach of a majority of the human race.翻译：他把自己 特殊的才智 和不倦的精力 无私的贡献给了这场斗争,这场斗争（ 该斗争） 今日使大多数人可以达到这些目标.6) They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chineseand for which , in the past, many Chinesehave laid down their lives.翻译：他们正为实现一个抱负而努力,这个抱负 是每个中国人所珍爱的, （ 而且）,在过去,很多

13、中国人 曾为了这个抱负而牺牲了自己的生命.7) They would have had虚拟语气 to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱that he had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conferenceand conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - -

14、- - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -翻译：他们可能得在臭名中终其一生,这个臭名就是：他曾经贸然的实行了一项行动, 这项行动 破坏了最高级会谈,甚至可以设想,仍可能触发了一场核战争.8I told the story to John , who told it to his brother.翻译：我把这件事告知了约翰,约翰又告知了他的弟弟 .9) Kissenger and his small group of aides toured the Forbidden City ,wher

15、ein the forbidden city the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor.翻译：基辛格和他的一个小组参观了故宫,从前的中国皇帝曾在这里（这故宫）过着奢华显要的生活.10) The cook turned pale, and省略连词 asked the housemaid to shut the door,who关系代词：顺着河边倒走,逐一挑选 asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.翻译：厨子的脸色变得惨白,要女仆把门关上,女仆

16、叫布里特尔去关,布里特尔又,依据规律增词 叫补锅匠去关,而补锅匠却假装没听见.11) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.翻译：希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系,这种观点 在人们熟悉到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根.12) Another popular s

17、pectator sport, whichisknownas the sport ofkings, is horse-racing,which is controlled by the Jockey Club.翻译：另一种 以帝王的运动著称的流行观看运动是赛马,这种竞赛 由赛马总会掌握.13) Attending services礼拜仪式 at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier,which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in sma

18、ll ones.翻译：一次在比萨大教堂做礼拜时,他发觉自己正看着一个吊灯架,它随着气流时而划一个大弧,时而划一个小弧.3.消隐法（省略关代法）定语从句后置,省略关系代词所指代的含义,不翻译出来.1He did not find any one in the housewho particularly cared to see.翻译：他认为家里没有人特殊想知道的 .2 Carrie reached home in highgood spirits,which she could scarcely几乎不 conceal隐匿、掩藏 .翻译：嘉莉兴致勃勃的回到家,想掩饰也掩饰不住.3) After d

19、inner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.翻译：饭后,四个主要谈判人物连续进行会谈,始终谈到深夜.4) He saw in front that haggard憔悴的 white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury .分析： green嫉妒, blue 郁闷, red 愤慨翻译：他观察前面那个憔悴的白发老人,眼睛里闪着怒火.5) When she was lost to his view, he pu

20、rsued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -at the sky,wherein the sky the clouds were sailing fast and wildly.翻译：直到看不见她了,他才往家里走去,不时抬头望望天空,乌云在翻动奔腾.6) His

21、wife, Betty, is a Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the ageof eight , and whose book, “Eight Moon ”, tells of her sister Sansans life in China.翻译：他的妻子贝蒂是一位诞生在上海的华人,八岁离开中国 ,写过一本名为 八月的书,记述她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活情形.4.分译连词法翻译成状语从句,将关系代词转换成连词.英语定语从句（特殊是非限制性定语从句）有时兼有状语从句的职能,可以表示时间、条件、缘由、让步、目的、结果等等关系.1) He insis

22、ted on building another housewhich he had no use for.翻译：他虽自己不用, 但仍坚持再建一座房. 转折2) In a personal sense ,I think ofmy eldest daughterw, hose birthday is today .翻译：就个人感觉来讲,我想到我的大女儿,由于今日是她的生日.（缘由）3) These actions, whichhave aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, mustneverthelessgive us a pause犹 豫不决

23、 .翻译：这些行动, 虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对,却也使我们举棋不定.（表让步）4) Ina dispute争端between two stateswithwhichone is friendlyisfriendlywith which one,try not to get involved没有主语,是祈使句 .翻译：在两国发生争端时,如与该两国皆友好,就应防止卷入. （条件）.5) Copper,which is used so widely forcarrying electricity , offers very little resistance.翻译：铜的电阻很小, 因此被广泛用于

24、输电.（结果）6) The lungs are subjected to several diseasewshich aretreatable by surgery.翻译：肺易受几种疾病的侵袭,但均可经手术治疗.7) Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.翻译： 虽然电子运算机有很多优点,但它们不能进行制造性工作,因此代替不了人.（让步）8) School programs will be much more responsive to w

25、hat the child is capable of thinking, which will minimize over-challenge and under-challenge翻译：学校的课程将会更加适合同学的摸索才能,从而削减课程过难或过于容易的现象.9) Actually,it isnt, because it assumes that there isan agreed account一 致的说明 ofhuman rights偏正结构 =主谓 or 动宾, which is something the world does not have.分析：在这个句子中which 引导非限

26、制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed accoun,t而 the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that 的定语从句,修饰something. 这个定语从句在这里有一个转折的规律关系在里边翻译：事实并非如此,由于这种问法是以人们对人的权益有共同熟悉为基础的,而这种共同熟悉并不存在.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -

27、10) Each coursewhich a student attendsgives him a creditwhich he may count towards a degree.翻译：同学所上的每门课都将给他一个学分,学分修满便可获得一个学位.11) Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.分析：在语义上,定语从句与主句的关系为因果关系,因此我们将定语从句译成缘由状语从句.参考译文：火箭在太空中运行正确,由于在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气.5.融合法把主句和定语从

28、句融合成一个简洁句,定语从句译成谓语.这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句,特殊是“there be”句型中.详细作法是,将原主句的的词或词组用作独立句的主语,再将定语从句用作谓语,这样便译成独立句.溶合法要求改 变句子的构造形式.1) There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.翻译：楼下有位女孩要见你.2) There are many peoplewho are interested in the new invention.翻译：很多人对这项创造感爱好.3) He paid that peculiardeference服从,尊敬 to wo

29、men which every member of thesex appreciates.翻译：他对女性的那份恭维,是每个女人都会赏识的.4) What were the hopes and dreams that had made of them the incrediblystubbornwarriors同位语.翻译：是什么期望,什么抱负使他们成为坚强到令人难以置信的战士了？5) There are thosewho insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just around the corne,r whi

30、le others insist that traditional teaching methods will never give way to computerized instruction.翻译：有些人坚信,每张课桌上放一台运算机终端设备的时代即将来临,而另一些坚持说传统的教学方法决不会让位于运算机教学.6It has long been my wish to encounter遇到、邂逅 one of the oldest civilizations in earth .I have come amidst在当中you fromEgypt ,On the banks of the N

31、ile,whichalso has a most ancientcivilization .翻译：我始终憧憬着邂逅世界最古老的文明.尼罗河畔的埃及也有着最古老的文明,我正是从那里来到你们中间.7You have given Feldstyn ,who dislikes me any how反正,无论如何 ,the chancehe was waiting for.翻译：费尔德丁反正厌恶我,你给他的机会正是他求之不得的.1.6 断开法当前置或后置都要影响上下文连贯时,可以将其放在主句中间,用破折号或括号等将其与主句断开.1) The last bits and pieces of interpl

32、anetary debri（s 星际碎片） from which EarthformedEarth formed from which were just arriving.翻译：最终的一批星际碎片（的球正是由这些碎片构成的）正降落在的球上可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2) All commercial communication satellites, which began to be launched in1965, are now designed for use in geosynchronous orbit（s 的球同步轨道）.翻译：全部商业性通讯卫星（1965 年开头发射）现在都设计用于的球同步轨道.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载