2022年最全情态动词的用法 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -情态动词的用法一 can 和 could情态动词用法例子补充说明Can 表现在才能. Could 表示过可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示才能1I can speak fluent English now, but I couldn t last year.去才能 .可用 be able to 代替.was/were able to 表示胜利做了某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_can/could在确定句中, 表示客观可能性,并不涉及详细某事会发生, 常用来说明人或事物

2、的特点. 要表达详细某事实际发生的可能 性时,不用can,需用 could , may, might .表示恳求和答应. 表示恳求, 口语中常用 could 代替 can,使语气更委婉.表示对现在的动作或状 态进行主观的推测, 主要用在否定句和疑问句中.表示惊奇、 怀疑、不信任等态度,主要用在否定 句、疑问句和感叹句中.1. Imaystayathomethis weekend.（实际可能性）2. Peter might come to join us.实际可能性 3. Itwillbesunnyinthe daytime,butitcouldraintonight.实际可能性 1Can we

3、 turn the air conditioner on.2.I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.1Itcanbt e easy caring foraman and a childwho are not your own.2Can the man over there be ourhead master.1Can this be an excuse for not giving them help.2This can t be true.3How can you be so crazy.1. can 用于否定和疑问句 could不限2.

4、 can be表示有时候会（常与sometimes, at times连用）1. 恳求用 could 语气委婉2. 答应不用could.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_特殊提示：（ 1）could 用来表示恳求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于确定句,回答应当用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）.如： Could I use your dictionary. Yes, you can.否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.(2) can 和 be able to 区分cancould 和 be able to 都可以表示才能,意思上没有区

5、分.但can 只有现在式和过去式,而be able to 就有更多的形式.如：I ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own.但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,最终做成了某事,通常不用could,而用 was/were able to 来可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页

6、- - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -表示.这时, was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doing.如： After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3) 惯用形

7、式“ cannottoo”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）”.如：You cannot be too careful. 你越当心越好.惯用形式“ cannot but+不定式（不带to ）”表示“不得不,只好”.如：I cannot but admire her determination. 我不得不敬佩你的决心.二 may 和 might情态动词用法例子补充说明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示答应、许可.否定回答一般用must not/mustn t, 表示“禁止、 阻挡” 之意, 但也可以用had better not 最好别 或 may not （不行以） ,语气较为委婉.

8、在表示恳求、 答应时, might比 may 语气1 May I come in and wait. 2 May I smoke here. No, youmustn 或tyou d better not. 1 Might I borrow your pen.No,1. 恳求用might 语气更委婉.2. 答应时用may,表示“可以”（表示答应时不用might）.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_may/might更委婉些.用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在 日常用语中,用Can I征询对方看法更为常见.表示可能性的估计,通常用在确定句和否定句中,含有

9、“或许”“大致”“可能”之意.用might代替 may 时,就语气显得更加不愿定.2 I wonder ifI mightspeak toyour son.1 It may rain this afternoon.2 Isupposehemighthave missed the train.常用于确定句（might可能最小）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_may用于祈使句表示希望1 May you succeed ；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_惯用句式：“may well+动词原形”,意为“完全能,很可能”,相当于to be very likely to“m

10、ay as well或 mightjustas well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于 “ had better或 thereisno reason to do anything else.1 Thereis nothingtodo,so I may as well go to bed.2 You may as welltell us now, we ll find out sooner or later.3 I suppose we might as well go home.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_二 must 和 have to可编辑资料 - -

11、 - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_情态动词用法例子补充说明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Must表示“必需,应当”之意,语气比should,ought to 剧烈.其否定形式mustnt 表示“不准, 不应当, 禁止”1 You must come to school on time. 2 Youmustnt driveso fastin thestreet.1. must 多表主观、现在 /将来义务 ; have to 多表客观、过去义务可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - -

12、 - - -第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -等意3 We mustnt waste any more time.2.mustnt表 禁止 .否定用 neednt / dont have to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_have to在回答带有must 的问句时,否定回答常用neednt 或 dont have to,表示“不必” ,而不用mustnt表示有把握的估计,意为“肯定、准是”“必需,不得不” ,意义与must 相近

13、.但must 表示的是说话人的主 观看法,而have to 就往往强调客观需要.must 只有一种形式, 即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而have to 就涉及各种人称、 时态等方面的变化形式.两者的否定意义不同, mustnt 表示 “禁止,不许” ,dont have to 表示不必.1 Must I come back before ten.Yes,you must.No, you needn t1 It must be my mother.2 You must be hungry after a walk. 3 There must be a hole in the wall. 1 T

14、he film is not interesting. I reallymust go now.2 Ihavetogonow,because my mother is in hospital.1 I had to work hard when I was your age.2In order to take the exam, we ll haveto finish the whole book by the end of this month.1 You mustnt go there.2 You dont have to go there.只用确定句.在否定句/疑问句中用 can/coul

15、d3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_四 shall 和 should可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_情 态 动词用法例句补充说明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示征求对方看法或恳求指示用于其次、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、承诺或威逼.1 Shall I open the window.2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then. 3 What shall I get for dinner.1 Don tworry,yo

16、ushallgetthe answer this afternoon. 承诺 2 He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.（警告）3 You shall do as I say. 命令 4 Ifyou children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party.威逼 表规章、法令、预言：“必需”用 于 所有 人 称Everycompetitor shall wear a number可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_should表示劝说或建议,意为“应当”1 What

17、should I do.2 Should I trust him.3 You should read his new book.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示估计,用在确定句中,对现在的情形或可能发生的事的主观估计或期望.意为“想必,大致,或许”1 It should be a nice day tomorrow. 2 Try phoning Robert, he should behome now.3 He should be around sixtyyears确定的语气没有must 用于估计时强This pen ought to /shouldbe yours.可编辑

18、资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_仍可以用在if 引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小, 但也不是完全不行能,相当于“万一” 的意思. 从句谓语用should+ 动词原形构成,主句都肯定用虚 拟语气用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示意外、惊奇的心情,意为“

19、竟会”,old.1 AskTomto ringme up ifyou shouldsee him. 你万一见到汤 姆,请让他给我打个电话2 ShouldIbe freetomorrow,I ll come. 万一我明天有时间,我就过来 3 Ifthings should change suddenly, please let me know. 万一情形突变,请通知我1 Why should anyone want to marry Tony.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与 why , what, how , who 连用,2Don taskme.HowshouldI假如是疑

20、问句,就不需要回答.know.五 will 和 would情态动词用法例句补充说明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_will/would用于表示意志或意愿.will指现在, would 指过去.表示恳求、 建议等, 用 would比用 will 委婉、客气.表示习惯或倾向,意为“总 是,惯于”.will 至现在,would 指过去.表示估计,意为“很可能, 大 概 ”. will表 示 推 测 比should 把握大,比must 把握小.表示功能,意为“能,行” .惯用形式： will do/would do 表示“解决问题” 、“就行”.用于否定句中, 意为“不愿”、 “不愿意

21、”1 He is the man who will go his own way. 他是个自行其是的人.2 Theysaid they wouldmeet us at 10:30 at the station.1 Willyou please take a message for him.2 Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephone number.1 Fish will die without water.2 Peoplewilltalk. 人们总会说闲谈. 3 When we worked in the same office, we would often hav

22、e coffee together.1 These things will happen.2 That will be the messenger ringing. 3 It would be about ten oclock whenhe left home.1 That will be all right. 2 Either pen will do.3 It would not do to work too late. （ 工作太晚不行. ）1 I won t listen to your nonsense.2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t list

23、en to me.Would 此时为 will 过去式,无意义差别此意用于疑问句,常与you 连用Will you give me a piece of paper.Would 表过去反复的动作 /某种倾向相对于 used to 无“现已无此习惯”之义. 此意表对目前事物的预料.That will be the postman ringing.would表示过去 /现在. will表示现在 /将来叙 述 真 理 ： Thetreewillleave without water for 3 months.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资

24、料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -特殊提示： would 与 used to辨析would 可用来表示过去反复显现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说： “ she would be a quiet girl. ”另外, would 强调过去某种特定情形下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系.而used to 就着眼于过去和现在 的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可

25、表示.Would 可以表示不规章的习惯,used to 就不行.如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.六 need和 dare情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_nee

26、d用于表示“需要,必要”之意.做情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用 neednt have,疑问式用 need+人称 .,否定式用 need not即neednt）,做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同,后接带 to 的不定式（ need doing= need to be done ）,过去式用 needed 、did you need. 和 didnt need, 确定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、 does 、did 提问,否定式要在前面加dont 、doesnt 、didnt1 Need we leave soon. Yes, you

27、must.No, you neednt 2 You neednt have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry, but you did. 你当时不必这么匆忙.1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+ 名词, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被懂得 2 He needs to see a doctor.need to do3 Do you stillneed volunteers to help clea

28、n up after the party.need somebody to do something4 They didnt need to start so early.do not need to do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_dare用于表示“敢于”之意.做情态动词, 没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同.在确定句中,dare 后接带to的不定式.否定句中,dare 后既可接带to 的不定式,也可接不带to 的不定式.1 Dare you tell her the truth. Yes, I dare.

29、 /No, I daren t.3 How dare you accuse me of lying. 4 He darent admit this.1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 2 He doesnt dare to go there alone.3 Don t you dare to touch it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_七 ought 的用法：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_情态动词用法例句补充说明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Should表示“应当”之意1

30、 You ought to take care of him.2 Ought I go now.（ 1） should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能懂得,惋惜, 感到可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_oughtto do表示估计. 留意与 mu

31、st 表示估计是的区分 Yes,yououghtto./No,you oughtnt to.1 He must be home by now. 断 定 他已到家 2 He ought to be home by now. 不非常确定 3 This is where the oil must be. 比较直率 4 This is where the oil ought to be. 比较含蓄 意外, 赞 叹, 愤慨、 惊奇等感情, 意为“竟会” ,有时也用于陈述句中 （ 2） Should 仍可以用在if 引导的条件从句, 表示一件事听起来可能性很小, 但也不是完全没有可能, 相当于“万一”的意

32、思.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_说明： should 与 ought to 表示“应当”时的区分should表示自己的主观看法,而oughtto 的语气中,含有“按道理应当”之意.如要反映客观情形或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to.如：You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八“情态动词 +have done”用法情态动词 +have done用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_

33、must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行估计, 意为“想必, 准是, 肯定做了某事”may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的估计,意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“.一般用于确定句或否定句中, 不用于疑问句. 用 might 就表示语气更加不愿定.1 She must have gone through a lot. 2 HemusthavevisitedtheWhiteHouse during his stay in the United States.1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have he

34、ard his name called.3 Sorry I m late. I might have turnedoff the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_canhave done cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不愿定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中.（ can 换成could 时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone.2 Could he have done such a foolish thing.3 The boy cant have fi

35、nished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_could have done可用于确定句中,表示“可能已经”之意,此外,仍可以表示过去能做而没做的事, 有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜.1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 Youcouldhavebeenmoreconsiderate.3 You could have done better, but you

36、were too careless.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_might have done表示“原来可能,但实际上没有发生1 You should not swim in that sea. You可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_的事情”.另外,仍可以表示“原来应当或可

37、以做某事”之意,含有稍微的批评语气.should/ought to have done用于确定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做.用于否定句时,就表示不该做的事反而做了.neednt have done表示做了原来不必去做的事.留意： didn tneed to do 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”had better have done用于事后的建议,含稍微批评的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式had better not have done 表示相反的含义.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have

38、 done 表示相反的含义,两者都表示“懊悔”之意.might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.1 Heshouldhaveknownthatthe police would never allow this sort ofthing.2 Youshouldnthavedoneitso carelessly.3 You ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused

39、 his offer.1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didn t need to buy the dictionary. Ihad a copy at home.1 You had better have started earlier. 2 You had better not have scolded her.1 I would rather have taken his advice. 2 I would rather not have told him thetruth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载