2022年高中英语语法总结大全-动词的时态.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语语法总结大全- 动词的时态高中英语语法总结大全之动词的时态一般现在时的用法1 常常性或习惯性的动作 , 常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.时间状语 : every, sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2 客观真理 , 客观存在 , 科学事实.The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3 表示格言或警句中.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败.留意: 此用法假如显现在宾

2、语从句中 , 即使主句是过去时 , 从句谓语也要用一般现在时.例:Columbus proved that the earth is round 4现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性.I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_第一句用一般现在时 , 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作, 表示言行的瞬时动作.再如 :Now w

3、atch me, I switch on the current and stand back.其次句中的 now 是进行时的标志 , 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况 , 所以后句用一般现在时.一般过去时的用法1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语有 :yesterday,lastweek, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等.Where did you go just now.2) 表示在过去一段时间内 , 常常性或习惯性的动作.When I was a child, I often played football in the str

4、eet.Whenever the Browns went duringtheirvisit,they were given a warm welcome.3) 句型:It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了.It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了.would had rather sb. did sth.表示 宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4 wish,

5、 wonder, think, hope等用过去时 , 作摸索性的询问、恳求、建可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_议等.I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些.比较:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去, 现已不复存在.Christine was an invalid all her life.含义: 她已不在人间.Christine has been an invalid all her life.含义: 她现在仍活着Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years含义: 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州

6、.Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.含义: 现在仍住在肯塔基州 , 有可能指刚离去留意:用过去时表示现在 , 表示委婉语气.1) 动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend等.Did you want anything else.I wondered if you could help me.2) 情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike.used to/be used toused to + do:过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态 , 但如今已不

7、存可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在.Mother used not to be so forgetful Scarf used to take a walk.过去常常漫步be used to + doing:对已感到习惯 , 或 习惯于,to是介词, 后需加名词或动名词.He is used to a vegetarian diet Scarf is used to taking a walk.现在习惯于漫步典型例题- Your phone number again. Iquite catch it.- Its 69568442 A. didntB. couldntC. do

8、ntD. cant答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语 , 但从语意上看 出, 在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去 , 因此应用过去时.一般将来时1shall用于第一人称 , 常被 will所代替.will在陈述句中用于各人称 , 在争求看法常常用于其次人称.Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening. 2be going to +不定式, 表示将来.a. 主语的意图 , 即将做某事.What are you going to do tomorrow.b. 方案, 支配要发生的事.可

9、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The play is going to be produced next month.c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3be + 不定式表将来 , 按方案或正式支配将发生的事.We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4be about to +不定式, 意为立刻做某事.He is about to leave for Beijing.留意:be about to不能与 tomorrow, next we

10、ek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用.be going to/will用于条件句时 , be going to表将来will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和 be going tobe to表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事.be going to表示主观

11、的准备或方案.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.客观支配可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.主观支配一般现在时表将来1) 以下动词 :come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star. It stars in ten

12、 minutes.2) 倒装句, 表示动作正在进行 , 如:Here comes the bus. The bus is coming. There goes the bell. The bell is ringing.3) 在时间或条件句中.When Bill comes不是 will come, ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4) 在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that等后.I hope they have a nice time next we

13、ek.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.用现在进行时表示将来意为: 意图 、 准备 、 支配 、常用于人.常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等.Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态 , 其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在仍存在 ; 也可表示连续到现在的动

14、作或状态.其构成 : have has + 过去分词.比较过去时与现在完成时1) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情, 强调动作 ; 现在完成时为过去发生的 , 强调过去的事情对现在的影响 , 强调的是影响.2) 过去常常与详细的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, 或无时间状语.一般过去时的时间状语 :yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now,详细的时间状语共同的时间状语 :thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once,before,already, recen

15、tly,lately现在完成时的时间状语for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/ until,up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3) 现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态, 动词一般是连续性的 , 如可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_live,teach,learn,work, study,know过去常常用的非连续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等.举例:I saw this film yeste

16、rday.强调看的动作发生过了. I have seen this film 强调对现在的影响 , 电影的内容已经知道了. Why did you get up so early.强调起床的动作已发生过了. Who hasnt handed in his paper.强调有卷子 , 可能为不公正竞争. She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了.She returned yesterday她是昨天回来了.He has been in the League for three years.在团内的状态可连续He has been a League member fo

17、r three years.是团员的状态可连续He joined the League three years ago.三年前入团 ,joined为短暂行为.I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White.-Hes already been sent for.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_句子中如有过去时的时间副词 如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960时, 不能使用现在完成时 , 要用过去时.错Tom has written a letter to his pa

18、rents last night.对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于现在完成时的句型1) It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分 , 用现在完成时.It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2) This is the that结构,that从句要用现在完成时 .This is the best film that Ive ever

19、 seen这是我看过的最好的电影.This is the first time that Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌.典型例题1 -Do you know our town at all.-No, this is the first time Ihere.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming答案 B. This is the first time后面所加从句应为现在完成时 , 应选 B.2 -Have youbeen to our town before.-No, its the first time Ihere.可编辑资料

20、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come答案 D. ever意为曾经或无论何时 , 反意词为 never, 此两词常用于完成时. Thisis the largestfishI have ever seen. Itis / was the firsttime+that-clause的句型中 , 从句要用完成时.留意: 非连续性动词的否定形式可以与表示连续时间的状语连用.即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的.错I have received his letter for a mon

21、th.对I havent received his letter for almost a month.比较 since 和 forSince用来说明动作起始时间 ,for用来说明动作连续时间长度.I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfieldshave been opened up since 1976 Ihave known Xiao Li since she

22、was a little girl.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.留意: 并非有 for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时.I worked here for more than twenty years我现在已不在这里工作.I have worked here for many years.现在我仍在这里工作.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_小窍门: 当现在完成时 +一段时间 , 这一结构中 , 我们用下面

23、的公式转化 , 很简单就能排除非连续动词在完成时中的误使.1 对 Tom has studied Russian for three years.Tombegan to study Russian threeyears ago,and isstillstudyingit now.2 错 Harry has got married for six years.Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.明显, 其次句不对 , 它应改为 Harrygot marriedsixyears ago

24、. 或 Harryhas been married for six years.since的四种用法1since +过去一个时间点如详细的年、 月、日期、钟点、1980, lastmonth, half past six.I have been here since 1989. 2 since +一段时间 + agoI have been here since five months ago.3 since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have b

25、een here 4 It is +一段时间 + since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_连续动词与瞬时动词1 用于完成时的区分连续动词表示体会、 经受;瞬时动词表示行为的结果, 不能与表示段的时间状语连用.He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作.表结果Ive known him since then.我从那时起就熟悉他了.表经受2 用于 till / until从句的差异连续动词用于确定句 , 表示 做直到 瞬时动词用于否定句 ,

26、表示 到 , 才 He didnt come back until ten oclock他到 10 点才回来.He slept until ten oclock. 他始终睡到 10 点.典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. Iher several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet答案 B. 第一此题后句强调对现在的影响, 我知道她的模样 , 你不用描述.再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作 , 因此用现在完成时.2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not

27、 at all. Ihere only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开头 , 连续到现在 , 应用现在完成时.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去完成时1) 概念: 表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是 had + 过去分词构成.那时以前那时现在2) 用法a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句.She said that she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中

28、 , 发生在先 , 用过去完成时 ; 发生在后 ,用一般过去时.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词 , 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等, 用过去完成时表示 原本 , 未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3 过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as .He said that he had le

29、arned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointedthatmost of the guests had leftwhenhe arrived at the party典型例题可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The studentsbusily when Miss Brown went to get a book she in the office.A. had written, leftB,we

30、re writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left答案 D. 把书忘在办公室 发生在 去取书 这一过去的动作之前 , 因此 忘了书 这一动作发生在过去的过去 , 用过去完成时.句中 when表示的是时间的一点, 表示在 同学们正忙于 这一背景下 ,when 所引导的动作发生.因此前一句应用过去进行时.留意:had no when 仍没等 就had no sooner than刚 就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.用一般过去时代替完成时1 两个动

31、作如按次序发生 , 又不强调先后 , 或用 then,and,but等连词时 ,多用一般过去时.When she saw the mouse,she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 两个动作相继发生 , 可用一般过去时 ; 如第一个动作需要如干时间完成 ,用过去完成时.When I heard the news, I was very excited.3 表达历史事实 , 可不用过去完成时 , 而只用一般过去时.Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492

32、.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_将来完成时1 构成 will / be going to do sth.2 概念a. 状态完成 : 表示某事连续到将来某一时为止始终有的状态.b. 动作完成 : 表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前, 已经完成的动作或一获得的体会.They will have been married for 20 years by then.You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法 :a. 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情.We are waiting f

33、or you.b. 习惯进行 : 表示长期的或重复性的动作 , 说话时动作未必正在进行.Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未在写 , 只处于写作的状态.She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有 :get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等.The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与 always, constantly, forever等词连用 , 表示反复发生的动作或可编辑资

34、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_连续存在的状态 , 往往带有说话人的主观颜色.You are always changing your mind.典型例题可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_My dictionary , I have looked foriteverywhere but still it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A.has lost,dontfindB. is missing,dontfindC.has lost,havent foundD. is missing, havent found答案 D. 前句是一个仍在连续的状态 ,

35、应用进行时 , 由于没有找到 , 其影响仍旧存在 , 应用完成时 , 瞬时动词用于否定式时可用于完成时.不用进行时的动词1 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember

36、, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 瞬时动词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4 系动词seem,remain,lie,see, hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become, turn You seem a little tire

37、d.过去进行时1) 概念: 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景; 一个长动作发生的时候, 另一个短动作发生.3常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMybrotherfellwhilehe was ridinghisbicycleand hurthimself.Itwas rainingwhen they left thestationWhen I got to thetop of t

38、he mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1 Marya dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情 , 应用过去时.同时,when 表时间的同时性, 玛丽在做衣服时 供应事情发生的背景 , 因此用过去进行时.2 As shethe newspaper, Grannyasleep read;was fallingB.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_was reading; fellC. was reading; wa

39、s fallingD. read;fell答案 B. 句中的 as when, while,意为 当之时 .描述一件事发生的背景时, 用过去进行 ; 一个长动作发生的时候 , 另一个短动作发生.句意为 在她看报纸时 , 奶奶睡着了. 句中的 fell fall的过去时 , 是系动词 , 后跟形容词 , 如:fall sick.将来进行时1 概念: 表示将来某时进行的状态或动作, 或按猜测将来会发生的事情.Shell be coming soon.Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.留意: 将来进行时不用于表示 意志, 不能说 Illbe havi

40、ng a talkwithher.2常用的时间状语Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句 , 条件句中 , 从句用一般现在时代替将来时When, while,before, after, till,once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case that, un

41、less, even if, whether, the moment, theminute, the day, the year, immediately可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京 , 就去看他姨妈.典型例题1He said heme a present unless Iin doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeedC.

42、will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed.答案 B. 在时间, 条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时. 此题有 Hesaid,故为过去式.主句用将来时 , 应选 B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时.2 表示现在已支配好的将来事项 , 行程等活动.The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天 10 点开门.实际上每天如此.一般现在时代替过去时1 书上说, 报纸上说 等.The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的

43、.2 表达往事 , 使其生动.Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.一般现在时代替完成时1 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find, say,remember.I hear have heard he will go to London.I forget have forgotten how old he is.2 句型 It is since 代替It has been since 3 It is has been five years since we last met.一般现在时代替进行时句型:Here comes ; There goesLook, here comes Mr. Li.现在进行时代替将来时1 表示即将发生的或预定