2022年高考英语非谓语动词 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_扶弱资料（六）非 谓 语 动 词所谓非谓语动词, 就是指它们 不能在句子中单独作谓语.但它们又具有动词的特点, 即可以有宾语 （假如是及物动词的话） 、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的规律主语.同时,它们又具出名词的某些特点,即 它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语.一、动词不定式 :动词不定式（时态与语态） ：主 动 式被 动 式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing1. 作主语 :To say somethingis one thing, to do it is another.

2、2. 作表语 :My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately .3. 作宾语 :He decided to buy a computer.4. 作宾语补足语 :Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.注：在 let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybodylaugh.但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式就要加上to.如: We are madewrite a compos

3、ition every week by the teacher.5. 作定语 :He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.注：当显现 the first / second / last / only /best 时,常跟不定式作定语He was the first manget to school this morning.6. 不定式作状语 :To see what would happen, we stayed there.二、分词 （ 现在分词 和 过去分词 ）（一） V-ing 形式（时态与语态） ：主 动 式被 动 式一般式doingbei

4、ng done完成式having donehaving been done1.be poor, he couldn t go to school. 2.We are interested in play chess.3.The questiondiscuss now is important. 4.The boy was afraid ofleave alone at home.5. work in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种

5、时态与语态）规章的： V-ed.不规章的（记不规章动词表）1. The boy went home with his homeworkfinish.2. see from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区分：现在分词 表示的意义是 主动 的, 进行 的： the girl gathering flowers （正在采花的女孩）过去分词 表示的意义是 被动 的, 完成 的： the flowers gathered this morning （早晨采的花）1. 作表语 :The news is ve

6、ry exciting./They are very excited at the news.2. 作定语 :Don t disturb the sleeping child./The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. 作宾补 :He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying./ The work left everyoneexhausted.注： 有些动词如 see, hear, feel, notice, watch 等既可跟

7、现在分词,也可跟不带to 的不定式作复合宾语. 它们的区分在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生.不定式着重说明动作的全过程I saw the boys climbing the wall . 我观察孩子在爬墙.I saw the boys climb the wall . 我观察孩子爬墙了.4. 作状语 : They stood there waiting for the busHearing the knock on the door , they stopped talking.Asked to work overtime that evening , I missed a wonderfu

8、l film.Compare:1. follow the old man, we went upstairs2. follow by the old man, we went upstairs.三、 动名词 （V-ing）1. 作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示常常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示详细的动作.如：Seeing is believing./My hobby is collecting stamps.注：在 “ It is no use good ”等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“ it ”It is no use quarreling with her ./Is it worth

9、whiletrying again .2. 作宾语在 allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,假如出名词或代词作宾语, 就构成“ allow advise forbid permit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式.如： We dont allowsmoke here We dont allow anybodysmoke here3. 作介词宾语Have you got used to working on the night shift （值班） . Children are fond of reading detective stories.

10、注 某些习惯用法中,常省略介词,仅保留动名词He is busy in preparing a report .They spent a lot of time inmaking preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble infinding his house.非 谓 语 动 词 需要留意的几个问题 :（一）、不定式的规律主语一般的结构为 for+ 名词 +不定式,如：It is difficultfor a foreigner to learn Chinese.I found it impossible him to do the job a

11、lone. 但在表示人物性格,特点等的形容词后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise,常用 of 引出不定式的规律主语,如：It was wise of him to do that.It was very bravehim to catch the thief.（二）、 不定式的主动式仍是被动式作定语时,当句中显现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式I have a meeting to attend .The teacher gave John a book to

12、 read,如不定式动作执行者不是上述情形,而是其他人,用被动态：Here are the clothes to be washed（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大如. a remember to do （记住要做某事）,remember doing （记得曾做过某事）b) forget to do（遗忘要做某事）,forget doing（遗忘曾做过某事）c) regret to do（因要做某事感到担心）,regret doing （因做了某事感到懊悔）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（四）、分词做表语有两种情形,一种是现在分词做表语,一种

13、是过去分词做表语,这两者区分是考试中 常常考到的的方.一般来说,凡表示“令人的”都是-ing 形式,凡是表示“感到”都用-ed 形式.这类词常见的有：interesting 令人感爱好的-interested 感到好玩的.exciting 令人兴奋的-excited 感到兴奋的delighting 令人兴奋的-delighted 感到兴奋的.disappointing 令人扫兴的-disappointed 感到扫兴的（五）、admit, advise, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel li

14、ke, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest 等动词以及全部带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语.The boy was lucky enough to escape beingpunished.（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的 to 是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式.(1) Im looking forwardto seeingyou again.

15、(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he hadto setting up some schools for poor children.（七）、主动形式表示被动意义 动词 want, need, require 后作宾语的动名词的主动形式.这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有规律上的动宾关系.例：The TV set wants / needs / requires fixing.= The TV set wants / needs / requires to be fixed.形容词 worth 后接的 v -ing 的主动形式.例：The f

16、ilm is worth seeing.某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard 等）后接的不定式主动形式.例：This question is easyto answer.（ To answer this question is easy.）语法填空 -高考真题回忆（一）、全国卷：真题再练：在以下各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由.1.2022 卷 I 68Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelersconduct by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as

17、 one of the top 10 destinations in the world.2.2022 卷 I70 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3.2022 卷 II 61 The adobe dwellings 土坯房 Southwest are admired by buildby the Pu

18、eblo Indians ofthe American可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4.2022 卷 II 64 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“ air condition ” a house withoutuse electric equipment.5.2022 卷 II 66 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are n

19、ow cold enough cool the house during the hot day.6.2022 卷 I 65 But the river wasn t changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.7.2022 卷 I 68 While there areamaze stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes a

20、re gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.8.2022 卷 II 41 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried aboutbe late for school. 9.2022 卷 II 43 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappoint.可编辑资料 - -

21、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10.2022 卷 II 46 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused we reached the next stop. stop until可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_语法填空 - 强 化 训 练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,think that all children like these things.

22、05 全国二 2. face with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.（ 05 北京春招）3. I couldnt do my homework with all that noisego on.（ 05 北京）4. With everything he neededbuy, he left the supermarket.5. With too much work do , I cant go out with you.6. The buildingbuild now will be a re

23、staurant.7. The buildingbuild next year will be a restaurant.8. The buildingbuild last year is a restaurant.9. Dont sit theredo nothing. Come and help me with this table.10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as toreceive in time for Christmas.11. Lessonslearn in sports can help us in our

24、 dealing with other people.12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, andcollect coins also gives him great pleasure.13. Eugene is never willing to change his mind. Its no useargue with him.14. He was the only foreigner get such an honor yesterday.15. I cant standwork with Jane in the same office. She just

25、refusesstop talking while she works.短文错误 -高考真题回忆1. 2022 新课标卷 II After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that2. 2022 新课标卷 II Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.3.2022 新课标卷 My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with mor

26、e patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.短文错误 -强 化 训 练（ 1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.（全国卷）（ 2） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village.（全国卷）（ 3） I went back to get David and

27、helped him to stood up.（全国卷）（ 4） Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building.（全国卷）（ 5） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings.（全国卷）（ 6） The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health

28、 all over the world.（ 7） you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you.（全国卷）（ 8） and let you to know when the book you want has returned （全国卷）（ 9） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.（全国卷）（ 10） I had always wanted return to the village af

29、ter moving away.（全国卷）（ 11） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（全国卷）（ 12） I look forward to hear from you soon.（全国卷）（ 13） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of . （全国卷）（ 14） I was often a little tired aft

30、er a day s work and watch TV demands very little effort.（全国卷）（ 15） I d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning.（北京春季卷）（ 16） I ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it.（北京春季卷）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_高中英语辅导 -基础篇参 考 答 案一、动词不定式 : 4. 如, laugh如, to write5. to get二、分词（一

31、）V-ing形式1. Being poor2. playing3. being disscussed4. beingleft5. Having worked（二）过去分词finishedSeen4. 作状语1. Following2. Followed三、 动名词2. smoking;to smoke需要留意的几个问题 :（一）、不定式的规律主语for语法填空 - 高考真题回忆（一）、全国卷： 1. conducted2. living3. built4. using5. to cool6. to reduce7. amazing8. being9. disappointed10. to st

32、op语法填空 - 强 化 训 练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. thinking2. Faced3. going4. bought5. to do6. being built7. to be built8. built9. doing10. bereceived11. learnt / learned12. collecting13. arguing14. to get15. working;短文错误 - 高考真题回忆1. 把 looks 改为 looking2. 把 Have 改为 Having3. 把 to 去掉短文错误 - 强 化 训 练（ 1）（ wanted 后加 to,由于

33、want 后要接不定式）（全国卷）（ 2）（ leading 改为 lead,由于其前有助动词would ） （全国卷）（ 3）（ stood 改为 stand,由于to stand up 在此为不定式结构）（全国卷）（ 4）（ climbed 改为 climb / climbing,如将as well as 视为连词,就将climbed改为 climb ,由于它与其前的 do 并列.如将 as well as 视为介词,就climbing ,由于介词后动词用动名词）（全国卷）（ 5）（去掉 live前的 to,由于live与其前的 know , have 并列） （全国卷）（ 6）（ imp

34、rove 前加 to, to improve 为表目的的不定式短语）（全国卷）（ 7）（ send 改为 sending,由于介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（ 8）（去掉 know前的 to,由于其前有动词let） （全国卷）（ 9）（ have 改为 having ,由于介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（ 10） return 前加 to,由于 want 后要接不定式）（全国卷）（ 11）（ drove 改为 drive ,由于 drive与其前的 to meet 并列,此处的drive为省略 to的不定式） （全国卷）（ 12）（ hear 改为 hearing,由于其前的to 是介词） （全国卷）（ 13）（第一个 play 改为 playing ,由于动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（ 14）（ watch 改为 watching ,由于动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（ 15）（ come 前加 to,由于 would like后接不定式）（北京春季卷）（ 16）（ prepare 改为 preparing ,由于它与其前的reading 并列,与其前所用的动词spend 有关）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载