人力资源(英文版)教学教材.ppt
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1、第一页,共70页。SelectionandPlacementSelectionandPlacementEstablishthebasicscientificpropertiesofpersonnelselectionmethods,includingreliability,validity,and generalizability.Discusshowtheparticularcharacteristicsofajob,organization,orapplicantaffectthe utilityofanytest.Describethegovernmentsroleinpersonnel
2、selectiondecisions.Chapter6McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第二页,共70页。SelectionandPlacementSelectionandPlacementListthecommonmethodsusedinselectinghumanresources.Describethedegreetowhicheachofthecommonmethodsusedinselectinghumanresourcesmeetsthedemandsofreliabi
3、lity,validity,generalizability,utility,andlegality.6ChapterMcGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第三页,共70页。定义定义(dngy)(dngy)uTheprocessofgatheringinformationaboutapplicantsandthenusingthatinformationtochoosethemostappropriateapplicant.uProcessofchoosingindividualswho
4、haverelevantqualificationstofillexistingorprojectedjobopening.从符合职位资格要求的候选人中进行选择(xunz)的过程.uNothiringthepersonwiththemostqualificationsbutthepersonwiththeappropriatequalifications.第四页,共70页。uPerson-jobfit:beginningwithjobdescriptionuPersonorganizationfit:人组织匹配u“我们对学生的专业没有任何限制,我们惟一(wiy)关注的是他们的素质。”普华永道合
5、伙人之一杜源申说,“我们对人才的要求是五个必备素质:优秀的英语表达能力、熟练的电脑操作能力、优秀的领导能力、团队合作精神和沟通能力。”PricewaterhouseCoopers是目前世界上最大的会计事务所,规模惊人(jngrn),在全球有155,000名员工和9,000个合伙人,年收入为150亿美元。第五页,共70页。普华永道招聘普华永道招聘普华永道招聘普华永道招聘(zhopn)(zhopn)的五道关的五道关的五道关的五道关 u60getjobofferu200:400u400:600u600:900u900applicant网上递交(djio)简历英语(yn y)关written test
6、 of English proficiency 第一轮面试self-introduction群体评估(团队合作能力和领导能力团队合作能力和领导能力)最后一轮面试(综合素质)第六页,共70页。Selection Method Standards for Selection Method Standards for Evaluation PurposesEvaluation PurposesReliability 信度信度Validity 效度效度GeneralizabilityUtility 效用效用(xioyng)LegalityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGra
7、w-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第七页,共70页。面试的有效性和可靠性面试的有效性和可靠性:衡量:衡量(hng(hngling)ling)面试效率的两个重要指标面试效率的两个重要指标 面试(minsh)的有效性是指面试(minsh)在预测应聘者未来业绩方面成功与否的准确程度;面试的可靠性是指对不同能力的应聘者采取(ciq)相同的面试方法,得出评价的客观程度。Whenever a test or other measuring device is used as part of the data collection process,the va
8、lidity and reliability of that test is important.第八页,共70页。ReliabilityReliabilityuReliabilityisthedegreetowhichameasureofphysicalorcognitiveabilities,ortraits,isfreefromrandomerror.uThecorrelation coefficient相关系数isameasureofthedegreetowhichtwosetsofnumbersarerelated.uAperfectpositiverelationshipequal
9、s+1.0uAperfectnegativerelationshipequals-1.0uKnowinghowscoresonthemeasureatonetimerelatetoscoresonthesamemeasureatanothertimereferstotest-retestreliability.McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第九页,共70页。ValidityValidityuValidity is the extent to which performance o
10、n the measure is associated with performance on the job.uCriterion-related validation is demonstrated by a correlation coefficient that indicates a significant relationship between scores on the selection measure and job performance scores.The types include:u Predictive validation 预期预期(yq)效度效度uConcu
11、rrent validation 同期效度同期效度uContent validation 内容效度内容效度McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第十页,共70页。Criterion-Related ValidityCriterion-Related ValidityPredictiveConcurrentTIMETIMETestApplicantsMeasurePerformanceof those HiredMeasuretheir PerformanceTestExisting Em
12、ployeesMcGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第十一页,共70页。Content ValidationContent ValidationuContent validation isperformedbydemonstratingthattheitems,questions,orproblemsposedbythetestarearepresentativesampleofthekindsofsituationsorproblemsthatoccuronthejob.uBestfo
13、rsmallsamplesuContentvalidityisachievedprimarilythroughaprocessofexpertjudgement.McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第十二页,共70页。uContent validity内容效度内容效度:consistency between the test items or problems and the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job.u
14、内容效度指测验题目对有关内容或行为范围取样的内容效度指测验题目对有关内容或行为范围取样的适当性。成就测验和熟练测验特别注重这种效度。例适当性。成就测验和熟练测验特别注重这种效度。例如,在成就测验中,测验题目是根据教学大纲和教材如,在成就测验中,测验题目是根据教学大纲和教材内容适当抽出的,内容效度就是判断测验题目(内容)内容适当抽出的,内容效度就是判断测验题目(内容)是否符合它欲测的目标。是否符合它欲测的目标。u如如:一种甄选一种甄选(zhn xun)方法在内容上越接近工作实方法在内容上越接近工作实例或行为例或行为,则其内容效度就越强则其内容效度就越强.第十三页,共70页。Constructva
15、lidityConstructvalidity Constructvalidityisthetermgiventoatestthatmeasuresaconstructaccuratelyandtherearedifferenttypesofconstructvaliditythatweshouldbeconcernedwith.Threeofthese,concurrentvalidity,contentvalidity,andpredictivevalidityarediscussedbelow.某一选择程序或方法在多大程度上能测量出工作候选人良好工作绩效的公认特征。例如某项工作要求蓝图阅
16、读能力(nngl),在作出雇佣决策时,空间想象能力(nngl)测试就是有效的。第十四页,共70页。ContentvalidityContentvalidity 内容内容(nirng)(nirng)有效性有效性Contentvalidityisconcernedwithatestsabilitytoincludeorrepresentallofthecontentofaparticularconstruct.某一选择程序或方法的内容(nirng),代表了工作绩效的重要方面的程度。第十五页,共70页。contentvaliditycontentvalidityTodevelopavalidtest
17、ofintelligence,notonlymusttherebequestionsonmath,butalsoquestionsonverbalreasoning,analyticalability,andeveryotheraspectoftheconstructwecallintelligence.Thereisnoeasywaytodeterminecontentvalidityasidefromexpertopinion.第十六页,共70页。ConcurrentValidityConcurrentValidity一致一致(yzh)(yzh)有效性有效性referstoameasure
18、mentdevicesabilitytovarydirectlywithameasureofthesameconstructorindirectlywithameasureofanoppositeconstruct.通过确定(qudng)预测因素对目前的员工进行测试,然后将测试分数与目前员工的工作绩效联系起来而确立的有效性。第十七页,共70页。PredictiveValidityPredictiveValidity预测预测(yc)(yc)有效性有效性Inorderforatesttobeavalidscreeningdeviceforsomefuturebehavior,itmusthavep
19、redictivevalidity.通过(tnggu)确定预测因素,对申请者进行测试,将测试成绩与未来工作绩效联系起来而确立的有效性。TheSATisusedbycollegescreeningcommitteesasonewaytopredictcollegegrades.TheGMATisusedtopredictsuccessinbusinessschool.第十八页,共70页。PredictivevalidityPredictivevalidityWedeterminepredictivevaliditybycomputingacorrelationalcoefficientcompa
20、ringSATscores,forexample,andcollegegrades.Iftheyaredirectlyrelated,thenwecanmakeapredictionregardingcollegegradesbasedonSATscore.WecanshowthatstudentswhoscorehighontheSATtendtoreceivehighgradesincollege.第十九页,共70页。测量测量(cling)(cling)效度的方法效度的方法 uJ.W.弗伦奇和W.B.米歇贝根据测验目标把效度分为内容效度、构想效度和效标关联效度,这种分类为美国心理学会在19
21、74年发行的教育与心理测验的标准一书所采纳,成为通行的效度分类方法。uCriterion-relatedvalidity效标关联效度:指测验分数与效度标准的一致程度。u1)Concurrentvalidity同时效度。测验分数与当前的效标之间的相关程度,通常与心理特性的评估和诊断有关,常用的效标资料包括在校学业成绩、教师评定的等级、临床检查、其他同性质测验的结果等。u2)Predictivevalidity预测效度。指测验分数与将来的效标之间的相关程度,它对人员的甄选、分类与安置工作等甚为重要,常用的效标资料包括专业训练的成绩和实际工作的成果等。运用追踪法对行为表现作长期观察、考核和记录(jl
22、),以累积所得的事实资料衡量测验结果对将来成就的预测性。第二十页,共70页。Criterion-relatedvalidityCriterion-relatedvalidity效标关联效标关联(gunlin)(gunlin)效度效度u意义:测验分数与外在效标间的关联程度,效标是指测验所要衡量或预测的某些特质。u又称为统计效度(statisticalvalidity)或实证效度(empiricalvalidity)u类型u1)同时(tngsh)效度(concurrentvalidity)u2)预测效度(predictivevalidity)u考验方法:求测验分数与其它测验成绩之相关。其它测验成绩
23、如在同时(tngsh)测量则为同时(tngsh)效度;如在往后测量则为预测效度第二十一页,共70页。Generalizability Generalizability uGeneralizability isthedegreetowhichthevalidityofaselectionmethodestablishedinonecontextextendstoothercontextssuchasdifferentsituations,differentsamplesofpeople,anddifferenttimeperiods.uThreecontextsinclude:udifferen
24、tsituationsudifferentsamplesofpeopleudifferenttimeperiodsMcGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第二十二页,共70页。uValiditygeneralization效度概化。测验结果可推论至未出现在本次测验中的其他题目,推论至不在现场的评分(pngfn)者,或是不同于此次测验的情境等的程度。第二十三页,共70页。Utility Utility 效用效用效用效用(xioyng)(xioyng)uUtilityisthedegreeto
25、whichtheinformationprovidedbyselectiontechniquesenhancestheeffectivenessofselectingpersonnelinorganizations.uItisimpactedbyreliability,validity,andgeneralizability.McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.第二十四页,共70页。More About Selection MethodsMore About Selection Met
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