高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案第r2810期.docx

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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）The organization has grown enormously since its in 1955.A. libertyB. divisionC. appointmentD. foundation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。A.liberty自由；B. division分开、分配；C.appointment 约定；D.foundation 建立。根据上文“The organization has grown enormously（这个组织开展迅速） 可知，该组织自1

2、955年成立以来开展迅速。应选D。1、 There come two buses. The former is very crowded, but there is much room in.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. the latter答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤，但后面一辆有很大的空间。A.late迟（的），作 形容词或副词；B.later后来（的），作形容词或副词；C. latter后者（的），作形容词或名词；D. the latter 后者。根据There come two buses. The forme门s very

3、crowded”可知，这里特指两辆公共汽车的后面一辆。应选Do2、 Before liberation the laboring people had no to education.A. accessB. approachC. entranceD. admission答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：解放前，劳动人民没有受教育的机会。A. access使用机会，通路；B.approach方 法，途径；C. entrance入口； D. admission准许进入。结合句意表达有接触的机会，可以接触用have access too 应选 A。答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们普遍认

4、为一本好词典应该定期增加新内容。A. gaps隔阂，代沟；B. length长 度；C.intervals间隔，间歇;D.distance距离。结合句意表达定期”用at regula门ntervals。应选C。30 You can take as many as you like because they are free of.A. chargeB. fareC. moneyD. pay答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想拿多少就拿多少，因为他们是免费的。Acharge费用；B.fare车费；C. money钱；D. pay薪水，工资。根据上文“because they are f

5、ree of”表示免费短语为free of charge,应选A。31、 Everyone must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptions. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外；B.expectation 期待；C. experience 经验；D. expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone must follow his adv

6、ice可知，王 校长也不例外。应选A。32、 The couples kindness gave me a deep and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.A. impressionB. expressionC. descriptionD. collection答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇的善良给我留下了深刻的印象，让我想起了圣诞节最美好的事情。A.impression EpSt; B. expression 表达；C. description 描述；D. collection 收集， 收藏品。 根据and re

7、minded me10of the best things about Christmas.”可知，impression 印象，符合题意。应选 A 项。33、As a who has left college for over half a year; Marry finds it challenging to get a good job after herA. graduate; graduatingB. graduation; graduatingC. graduation; graduate .D. graduate; graduation答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：作为一名离校半年

8、以上的毕业生，玛丽觉得毕业后找份好工作很有挑战性。A第一空处前 为不定冠词a,设空处应为名词单数形式，根据句意，表示毕业生应用名词graduate；第二空处前为形容词 性物主代词，设空处应为名词，结合句意，此处表示毕业，应用名词graduation。应选D。34、 Your car is less than a year old, so it is still under.A. boundaryB. tailorC. guaranteeD. arrangement答案：c解析：考查固定搭配。句意：你的车使用不到一年，所以仍在保修期内。A. boundary边界；B.tailor裁剪；C.gua

9、rantee保证；担保；D.arrangement安排。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处为固定搭配under guarantee, 意为“在保修期内。应选C。35、 Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regardthe Chinese food as something special.A. attitudeB. meansC. pointD. sight答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问

10、，西方人认为中国菜很特别。A.attitude态度；B. means方法；A point观点;D.sight视野,视力。短语attitude towards表示对 的态度”11符合句意。应选A项。36、 To his, it rained every day and ruined the trip.A. disappointmentB. delightC. amazementD. satisfaction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他失望的是，每天都在下雨，毁掉了这次旅行。A. disappointment失望；B.delight喜悦；C. amazement惊讶；D.satisf

11、action满意。由句意推断,句中描述的事实是令人失望的,应使用to ones disappointment表示“令人失望的是。应选A。37、The managing director of this department took the for the accident, although it was not really hisfault.A. guiltB. responseC. blameD. conservation答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任，尽管这并不是他的错。A.guilt内疚；B.response 答复；C. blame 责任

12、；D. conservation 节约。根据下文although it was not really his fault.“可知，这 个部门的总经理承当了这次事故的责任。take the blame for承当的责任。应选C项。小提示：38、 In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer.A. systemB. methodC. investmentD. environment答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更平安的环境。A. system体系，系统;m

13、ethod方法；C.investment投资；D.environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境(environment)。应选D项。1239、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：C解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B.lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词

14、the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知，应填入名词pressure（压力）作宾语，且under.pressure是常用词组，表示“承受压力。应选C项。40 My mother is in a middle school. She teaches history very well.A. driverB. dancerC. teacherD. writer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是中学老师。她历史教得非常好。A. driver司机；B.dancer舞蹈演员；C.teacher教师；D. writer作家。根据句中“She teaches history very well

15、可知,我妈妈历史教得非常好，因此她 是一名教师。应选C项。41、 Citizens are braving the to get nucleic acid tests as COVID-19 outbreak has reoccurred in Harbin.A. elementsB. seasonC. factorsD. climate答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着新型冠状病毒在哈尔滨再次爆发，市民们正勇敢地接受核酸检测。A.elements 要素;B. season 季节；C. factors 因素；D. climate 气候。根据后文“to get nucleic acid

16、tests表示“勇敢 做某事”应用 brave the elements to。应选 A。42、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation13答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意;C.attention注意力;D.appreciation感谢。结合句意可知,此处是表达对别人体贴的感激, 用appreciation符合题意

17、。应选用43、Keep quiet, son! I need complete when Im working.Sorry, Dad. I wont make any noise again.A. silenceB. trustC. controlD. strength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一安静点，儿子！我在工作时需要绝对的沉默。一一对不起，爸爸。我不会再发 出声响了。A. silence寂静,沉默;B.trust信任;C.control控制；D.strength力量。由语境中父亲要求安静和 儿子做的回答不难推断，父亲想要安静的工作环境。应选A。44、Her own exp

18、erience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境,艰难；C. pride 自豪；D. k

19、indness 善行。根据后文she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults可知,她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。45、Mr. Wang was a man of before he turned.A. success, a writerB. a success, writer14C. success, writerD. a success, a money答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：王先生在成为作家之前是个成功人士。succ

20、ess成功，不可数名词。假设作可数名词，抽 象名词具体化，表示“一个成功的人或事情。此处前面已经有a,故of后面不用冠词a。a man of success一个 成功的人。turn为系动词，后面接名词作表语，turn writer成为作家，不用冠词，表示概念。应选C项。46、Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出

21、的贡献。A.press新闻界；B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为贡献，应选C。47、You should have asked for your parentsbefore you go out for a whole night.A. permissionB. excitementC. admissionD. encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你出去整晚之前应该征得你父母的许可。A. permission许可；B.excitemen

22、t激动；C. admission 成认；D. encouragement 鼓励。根据空后“before you go out for a whole night.”可知，因为要外出 待一整晚，所以空处需用名词permission,表示获得父母的许可。应选A。48、 It was a great for Alice to be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists.A. functionB. requestC. processD. honour答案：D15解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:爱丽丝被邀请在许多著名的科学家面前演讲深感荣

23、幸。A. function功能；B.request 请求；C. process 过程；D. honour 荣幸。 根据be invited to speak in front of many famous scientists可矢口, 对爱丽丝而言，这是莫大的荣幸。应选D。49、 Primary school teachers use a lot of aids in their class activities to make their teaching easier.A. medicalB. visualC. firstD. band答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：小学教师

24、在课堂活动中使用大量的视觉教具，使教学更容易。A. medical 医疗的；B.visual视觉的;C. first第一的；D.band乐队。根据Primary school teachers 可知，小学老师需要使 用视觉教具。应选B。50、 During the department stores annual autumn, all clothing will be half price.A. engagementB. promotionC. interaction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定;p

25、romotion促销活动;C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.可知，因为所有的衣服半价 销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。应选B。51 The curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A. curious, curiousB. curiously, curiositycuriously, curiousD. curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：16 考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了

26、。A.curious好奇的;curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地,curiosity 好奇心；C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的;D.curiosity 好奇心， curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词looked；根据out of 可知，第二空应填写 名词,out of curiosity意为出于好奇，应选B。52、 If the temperature is below O C, water will turn into in the open air.A. iceB. steamC. fogD. rain答案：A解析：

27、考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果温度低于0摄氏度，水在户外就会结冰。A. ice冰；B. steam蒸气；C. fog雾; D. rain雨。根据常识可知，在户外，气温低于。度，水就会结冰。应选A。53、I hope my teacher will take into the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she mypaper.A. account; marksB. count; marksC. account; markedD. count; marked答案：A解析：考查固定短语和时态。句意：当老师在批改我的试卷时，我希望她会把

28、我考前生病了这个事实考虑在内。account账户，解释，表达；count计算，总数。take sth into account考虑到，顾及，是固定短语；根据my teacher will take into使用的一般将来时可知，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，应选A项。54、 Plastic bags are not allowed in our town in a(n)to help the environment.A. attemptB. stuffC. depthD. disaster答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. atte

29、mpt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示力图、试图”符合句意。应选A项。1755、Seeing the happy of children playing in the park, Km full of joy and confidence in the future of our travelagency.A. sightB. viewC. sceneryD. scene答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的快乐场景，我对我们旅行社的未来充满了喜悦和信心。 A.sight

30、景象;B.view 看法；C.scenery 风景;D. scene 场景。根据句意分析,children playing in the park 表孩 子们在公园里玩耍，是一个动态情况，用scene符合语意。应选D项。56、 Try to keep a between work and relaxation.A. healthB. balanceC. fitD. balanced答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意:努力在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。A.health健康；B.balance平衡；C.fit健康的；D.balanced平衡的。a后跟名词作宾语，由between work a

31、nd relaxation可知，句子说“努力在工作和 休闲之间保持平衡，因此空格处是平衡，即balance, keep a balance betweenand是固定短语，意为在和之间保持平衡，应选B。57 From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.A. amusementB. advertisementC. manuscriptD. assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到 个印着他头像的

32、大广告牌:杰森，大魔术师。 A.amusement 有趣；B.advertisement 广告；C. manuscript 手稿；D. assignment 任务。根据下文“with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.“可知，看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌。应选B项。小提示:1858、Finding time for both studies and extra-curricular activities is a big challenge, so I need to make a workable.A. the timeB. timesC.

33、scheduleD. schedules答案：c解析：考查名词辨析。句意：抽出时间来学习和参加课外活动是一个巨大的挑战。因此我需要做一个切实可行的时 间表。A. the time时间；B.times时代;C.schedule时间表；D.schedules时间表（复数）。根据句意可知,抽 出时间学习和做课外活动是一个挑战，所以要制定计划，而且根据单词a可知，应选可数名词单数，应选C。小提示：根据句意来选择合适的词，根据名词前面的冠词可知应填单数还是复数。59、 A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usuall

34、y brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海 豚；B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报；D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知，这是一种昆虫。应选D。60、Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from.A. destinations. extinc

35、tionC. exhibitionD. institution答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。A.destination 目的地;B. extinction 灭绝；C. exhibition 展览；D. institution 机构。根据前文 protect them from 等 句意可知，此处指保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。应选B项。61、Before getting on a coach, a train or plane, you must have the of your bag checked to make sure

36、 you194、There is a world of between liking someone and loving them.A. differenceB. amusementC. expressionD. description答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个喜欢一个人和爱一个人完全不同的世界。A. difference不同；B.amusement高兴;C. expression表达;D. description描写。根据句子意思可知，like和love是近义词，但是 程度不一样，所以表达出它们的不同。应选A项。5、Not knowing what the future

37、 will bring hardly seems a(n)for doing nothing.A. argumentB. resourceC. performanceD. authority答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知道未来会发生什么并不是什么都不做的理由。A.argument理由；B.resource 资源;C.performance表演；D.authority当权者。根据for doing nothing.”可知,不知道未来会发生什么并不 是什么都不做的理由。应选A项。小提示：6、 During the trip to London, what left me the dee

38、pest was St. Pauls Cathedral built many years ago.A. impressionB. panicC. resourceD. impact答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象;B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源;D. impact 影响。根据句中“the trip to London和“St. Pauls Cathedral可知，句中陈述的是“圣保罗大教堂是伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的景点，impression意为 印象，名词词性，符合

39、句意。应选A项。7、 To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel.2arent carrying any dangerous things.A. detailsB. contentsC. ingredientsD. entrances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携 带任何危险物品。A.details细节；B. contents内容，所容纳之物；C.ingredients

40、原料；D.entrances入口。由 语意可知，为了确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。应选B项。62、The earth is the planet provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so its our duty toprotect it.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切一一新鲜的空气，干净的水一一的星球，所以保护它是我们 的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在

41、从句中做主语，可用 which或者that,根据所给选择项，应选A项。63 According to the result of a recent study published by Cambridge University, such as stubbornness and shyness, have a major impact on learning.A. featuresB. personalitiesC. memoriesD. appearances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据剑桥大学最近发表的一项研究结果，性格，例如固执和害羞对学习有重大影 响。A. feature

42、 特征；B. personality 性格,气质；C. memory 回忆；D. appearance 外表。空后 such as stubbornness and shyness表示例如固执和害羞，都是在对人的性格进行举例，故空处需填名词personalities表示性格。应选B项。2064、From the Tokyo Olympics to the 14th National Games, outstanding performances from Chinas athletes show the country*s drive for a sports powerhouse in an

43、d innovation.A. expectationB. passionC. mysteryD. imagination答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从东京奥运会到第十四届全运会，中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的 激情和创新精神。A.expectation期待；B.passion激情；C.mystery谜；D.imagination想象力。根据showthe countrys drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation”可知，句子表示“中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激情和创新精神，因此空格处意为激情，是passio

44、n,应选B。65、 Students study at their own and the teachers seldom set tests.A. netB. outlineC. contestD. pace答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:学生按照自己的节奏学习，老师很少设置考试。A.net网；B.outline大纲；C.contest比赛；D.pace速度，节奏。根据后半句老师很少设置考试，可推断前面学生都是按照自己的节奏学 习，应选D。66、Its wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave too ba

45、dly in public.A. situationB. employmentC. professionD. position答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在政府中处于如此高位的人在公共场合表现得太糟糕是错误的。A. situation形势;employment 雇佣；C. profession 职业，专业；D. position 位置。根据空后“in the government to behave too badly in public.可知，空处需用名词position,表示在政府中处于如此高位的人在公众场合表现糟糕是错误的。应选Do2167、 I like the style

46、of his writing but I don/t like the.A. confidences. flightC. contentD. track答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢他的写作风格，但不喜欢内容。A.confidence自信心；B.flight航班； C.content内容；D.track轨迹。根据句意以及转折关系可知，跟写作方面有关的就是写作的风格和内容。应选 Co68 Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on theprodu

47、ct.A. packagingB. expirationC. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外包装；B.expiration 到期;C. composition 作文。根据offer a 20% discount on food products可知，食品到期之前百货公 司才会打折，expiration date (食物的)有效期。应选B。69、 He made a great to the development of the new medicine.A. challengeB. cont

48、ributionC. characterD. concern答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：他对新药品的开展做出了巨大贡献。A. challenge挑战；B.contribution贡献；C.character角 色；D. concern担忧。分析句了可知，动作的对象是新药品的研发，结合选项这里应该指他对此做出了贡献, 符合短语 make a contribution to。应选 B 项。70、 The second he heard the news, a(n) of surprise appeared on his face.A. attentions. expressionC. impressionD. appearance22答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一听到这个消息，