大学英语四级考试模拟卷三（带答案）.docx

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1、大学英语四级考试模拟卷三（总分：32.00,做题时间:130分钟）一、单项选择题（总题数：30,分数:30.00）l.A third of the planets land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of 24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture.The alarmi

2、ng 26 , which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases, will add to the risks of conflicts unless 27 actions are implemented, warns the institution behind the report.As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows, competition is 2

3、8 for land within countries and globally, said executive secretary ofthe UN Convention to Combat Desertification （UNCCD） at the .launch of the Global Land Outlook.To 29 the losses, the Outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step backand rethink how we are managing the pressures and the compe

4、tition.The Global Land Outlook is 30 as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization, climate change, erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the 31 of industrial farming.Heavy tilling, multiple harvests and32 use of agrochemicals have increased

5、yields at the 33 of long-term sustainability.ln the past 20 years, agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled, notes a paper in the Outlook by the Joint Research Centre （JRC） of the European commission.Over time, however, this 34 fertility and canlea

6、d to abandonment of land and 35 desertification.空白处26.应填无（分数：1.00）A.absorbB.abundantC.billed.decline JE.diminishesF.expansionG.expense H.intensifying I.limitedJ.minimizeK.occasionallyL.optimizesM.rateN.remedial.ultimately解析：空格前是形容词alarming,且分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，此外由修 饰该主语的定语从句中的is可知，此处应该填入一个单数名词或不可数名词作主语。

7、上 文提到了土地的严重退化和肥沃土壤的严重流失，故此处说的应该是土地数量的减少令 人担忧，故D） decline “降低，减少”为此题答案。2.A third of the planets land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.l couldnt feel better about it, and my productivity reflec

8、ts it, too.(B) Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos一like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that were taught to look down on.If someone naps at 2 p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails, surely it must mean theyre slacking off (偷懒).Or

9、 so the assumption goes.(C) Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.lts easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of tim

10、e.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.(D) Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday, said Josh Bersin, principal

11、and founder of Bersin by Deloitte.Theyre beginning to realize that this is their problem, and they cant just say to people, Heres a work-life balance course, go teach yourself how to manage your inbox/ Mr.Bersin said. Its way more complicated than that.(E) To be sure, the ability to nap at work is f

12、ar from widespread, experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out, and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.

13、(F) In an ideal world, wed all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good nights sleep.Heres our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when youre dragging after lunch.(G) In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers tes

14、ted subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test, but subjects who took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance, and those who took a 60-nunute nap even reversed it.(H) Naps had the same magnitude of ben

15、efits as full nights of sleep if they had a specific quality of nap, said Sara Mednick, a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside.(I) Dr.Mednick, a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life, said daytime napping ca

16、n have many of the benefits of overnight sleep, and different types of naps offer specific benefits. J) For example, Dr.Mednick said a 20- to 60-nunute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.Its just long enough to enter stage-two sleep, or non-rapid eye movement

17、( non-REM) sleep.(K) After 60 minutes, you start getting into rapid eye movement ( REM) sleep, most often associated with that deep, dreaming state we all enjoy at night.REM sleep can improve creativity, perceptual processing and highly associative thinking, which allows you to make connections betw

18、een disparate ideas, Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that, your best bet is a 90-minute nap which will give you a full sleep cycle.(L) Any nap, however, can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day, experts said.(M) So how did we even arrive at this poi

19、nt where aptitude is inextricably tied (紧密相 连)to working long,concentrated hours? Blame technology, but think broader than smartphones and laptops; the real issue is that technology has enabled us to be available at all times.(N) “We went through a period where people were in denial and business lea

20、ders were ignoring it, Mr.Bersin said.They were assuming that if we give people more tools, more emails, more slack, more chatter, and well just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think theyve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem, and it is affecting productivity, en

21、gagement, health, safety, wellness and all sorts of things.(O) It isnt just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta (午睡).A 2015 study published in Current Biology looked at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania,Namibia and Bolivia.(P) Theyt

22、re active in the morning, then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time but theyre not generally napping, said Jerome Siegel professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.Then they do some

23、 work and go to sleep, and they sleep through the night.”(Q) Still, Mr.Siegel said, the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid nights sleep.M The real restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,

24、 which experts say is optimal.(R) Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness, Mr.Siegel said.But its not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank. ”(S) He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning, even if you cant get to sl

25、eep at the same time every night.This helps acclimate (使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time, regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.(T) So if youve made it this far and youre interested in giving workday naps a tryfor just starting to nod off),heres a quick guide to the perfect

26、nap： Find a quiet, unoccupied space where you wont be disturbed. Try to make your area as dim as possiblefor invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help, too. Aim for around 20 minutes.Any longer than that and youre likely to wake up with sleep inertia (睡眠惰性)， which will l

27、eave you even groggier (头脑昏沉的)than before.Participants perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests, according to an article in Nature Neuroscience.无(分数：1.00)A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G JH.H1.1JJK.KL.LM.MN.N0.0P.PQQR.RS.ST.T解析：由题干中的 perceptual performance 和 Nature Neuroscienc

28、e 定位到原文 G) 段。G)段提到，发表在自然神经科学上的研究说明，感知力随着每一次测试而 逐渐变差，但在测试之间小睡30分钟的实验对象的感知力停止了恶化，那些睡了 60分 钟的人的感知力甚至发生了逆转。该段中but之后有两个并列句，分别介绍了两组人的 实验结果。由此可知，那些睡了 60分钟的人的感知力发生了逆转，也就是睡了 60分钟 的实验对象的感知力变好了。题干中的participants和became better分别是定位句中 subjects和reversed的同义转述，故G)为答案。12.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One(A) In th

29、e past two weeks I ve taken three naps at work, a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.l couldnt feel better about it, and my productivity reflects it, too.(B) Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos一like leaving your de

30、sk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that were taught to look down on.If someone naps at 2 p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails, surely it must mean theyre slacking off (偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.(C) Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perce

31、ption and appearance of productivity.lts easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case fo

32、r restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.(D) Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday, said Josh Bersin, principal and founder of Bersin by Deloitte.Theyre beginning to realize that this is their problem

33、, and they cant just say to people, Heres a work-life balance course, go teach yourself how to manage your inbox/ Mr.Bersin said. Its way more complicated than that.(E) To be sure, the ability to nap at work is far from widespread, experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away

34、 for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out, and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.(F) In an ideal world, wed all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good

35、 nights sleep.Heres our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when youre dragging after lunch.(G) In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance d

36、eteriorated with each test, but subjects who took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance, and those who took a 60-nunute nap even reversed it.(H) Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a specific quality of nap, said Sara Mednick,

37、a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside.(I) Dr.Mednick, a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life, said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep, and different types of naps offer specif

38、ic benefits. J) For example, Dr.Mednick said a 20- to 60-nunute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.Its just long enough to enter stage-two sleep, or non-rapid eye movement ( non-REM) sleep.(K) After 60 minutes, you start getting into rapid eye movement ( REM)

39、sleep, most often associated with that deep, dreaming state we all enjoy at night.REM sleep can improve creativity, perceptual processing and highly associative thinking, which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas, Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that, your best bet is a 90-minute nap, whic

40、h will give you a full sleep cycle.(L) Any nap, however, can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day, experts said.(M) So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied (紧密相 连)to working long,concentrated hours? Blame

41、 technology, but think broader than smartphones and laptops; the real issue is that technology has enabled us to be available at all times.(N) “We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it, Mr.Bersin said.They were assuming that if we give people more to

42、ols, more emails, more slack, more chatter, and well just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think theyve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem, and it is affecting productivity, engagement, health, safety, wellness and all sorts of things.(O) It isnt just office work

43、ers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta (午睡).A 2015 study published in Current Biology looked at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania,Namibia and Bolivia.(P) They* re active in the morning, then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of

44、 quiet time, but theyre not generally napping, said Jerome SiegeL professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.Then they do some work and go to sleep, and they sleep through the night. ”(Q) Still, Mr.Siegel said, t

45、he only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid nights sleep.v The real restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night, which experts say is optimal.(R) Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,

46、Mr.Siegel said.But its not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank. ”(S) He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning, even if you cant get to sleep at the same time every night.This helps acclimate (更适应)your body to your regular

47、wake-up time, regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.(T) So if youve made it this far and youre interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),heres a quick guide to the perfect nap： Find a quiet, unoccupied space where you wont be disturbed. , Try to make your a

48、rea as dim as possiblefor invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office）.Earplugs might help, too. Aim for around 20 minutes.Any longer than that and youre likely to wake up with sleep inertia （睡眠惰性）， which will leave you even groggier （头脑昏沉的）than before.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous rught could people tackle their weariness during the day.无（分数：1.00）A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GH.H1.1JJK.KL.LM.MN.N0.0P.PQQ JR.RS.ST.T解析：由题干中的Jerome Siegel和the previous night定位到原文Q）段第一句。定位 句提到，西格尔先生表示，解决白天困乏的唯一真正方法始于前一天晚上一整晚的安稳 睡眠。题干中的 sleeping soundly