01 一稻济天下 肝胆两昆仑（袁隆平 吴孟超）-【每周热点】中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关（全国通用）(解析版）.docx

《01 一稻济天下 肝胆两昆仑（袁隆平 吴孟超）-【每周热点】中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关（全国通用）(解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《01 一稻济天下 肝胆两昆仑（袁隆平 吴孟超）-【每周热点】中考英语最新热点时文题型全面过关（全国通用）(解析版）.docx（136页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、每周时事热点冲刺中考英语重难题型考前突破（全国通用）【解析版】01 一稻济天下肝胆两昆仑2021年5月22日，是让亿万中国人无比悲哀的一天。我们送别了送别两位科学巨匠一一袁隆平、吴孟 超院士。一日之内痛失两位院士，人们的哀思如潮水般奔涌，向两位科学巨匠致以崇高敬意。他们的功勋，我们永远铭记。作为杂交水稻研究的开创者，袁隆平将水稻的杂交优势成功地应用于生 产，为我国粮食平安、农业科学开展和世界粮食供给作出巨大贡献。作为中国肝脏外科的开拓者，吴孟超 创立了肝脏“五叶四段”理论，使肝癌手术成功率由16%提高到98%以上一个是让中国人“端牢饭碗” 的英雄，一个是救人无数的大医，他们在各自的领域追求卓越

2、，为国为民创造了骄人的业绩，赢得了社会 的广泛赞誉。斯人已逝，精神不朽。一年前两位科学巨匠离我们而去，留下无尽的思念。但他们的精神如同璀璨的 星辰，守护着这片热土，照亮我们砥砺前行的漫漫征途在思念的长河里，记忆永在，敬意永存！【题型速览】一、阅读理解（阅读单项选择、阅读判断、回答以下问题、阅读还原7选5、信息摘录、语篇翻译）错误!未定义书签。M2/44/4二、完形填空57三、语法选择74四、语法填空78五、短文填空（语境提示填空、汉语提示填空、综合填空、选词填空）93/95/100/102六、读写综合1错误!未定义书签。0七、书面表达124八、报纸杂志时文阅读（附）132【阅读单项选择 5题】

3、Think of some great minds you like. You will probably find that their success didnt come easily. As “Father ofHybrid Rice （杂交水稻）”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to increase rice production and helping to feed the country with the largest population.午13:07

4、在湖南长沙逝世，应选B。17. 细节理解题。根据“He is famous for developing the first hybrid rice strains.和He has helped save not only China but also the world from starvation.”可知I,他因开发出第一个杂交水稻品种而闻名，不仅帮助拯救了中国，也 拯救了世界免于饥饿。应选C。18. 细节理解题。根据In 1973.The next year they had a great success in seeding. This progress made China th

5、e worlds leader in rice production.”可知，1974年，中国成为世界水稻生产的领导者。应选C。19. 词句猜想题。分析“When China was faced with food shortage, he helped China create a great miracle, feeding nearly one-fifth of the worlds population with less than 9 percent of the worlds total land.”可知,当中国面临粮食 短缺的时候，他帮助中国创造了一个伟大的奇迹，用不到世界总人口

6、 9%的土地养活了近五分之一的人口。 此处miracle的意思是“奇迹”，应选C。20. 推理判断题。根据Data shows that in China, the planting area of hybrid rice is over 16 million hectares（公顷）.可 知，在中国，杂交水稻的种植面积超过1600万公顷，而不是水稻种植面积超过1600万公顷。应选D。Saving the world might not be a big deal for Superman, but how about a normal person?Yuan Longping, a Chin

7、ese scientist, has saved people though he doesnt have any magical powers. By producing hybrid （杂交）,he has helped feed millions of hungry people.Yuan was born on Sept 7, 1930. After graduating from the then Southwest Agriculture （农业）Institute, he worked as a teacher at an agriculture school in Hunan.

8、A series of natural disasters （天灾）hit China in the 1960s. Yuan saw many people die of hunger every day.Since then, he has researched how to grow more effective crops. In 1964, he happened to find a natural hybrid rice plant that had great advantages over others. Yuan was excited about his discovery.

9、 He then began to study this particular plant. In 1973, he started to cultivate （培养）a type of hybrid rice species （种类）. It produced 20 percent more rice per unit than common ones. The seeding was very successful in the following year. This progress made China the worlds leader in rice production. Mo

10、re than 50 percent of Chinas total rice fields grow Yuans hybrid句意：袁教授在田里工作了几十年，他毕生的梦想就是让中国人能有饭吃。根据汉语提示“碗”的英语是“bowl”, 根据文中“their own.”，可知此处填bowl的复数形式。故填bowls。9. 句意：他更关心他的事业而不是他自己。根据汉语提示“少”的英语是“little”,分析题干“He cared.about himself than his life career.”可知此处需填副词比拟级，修饰动词“care，故用little的比拟级形式less。故填 lesso

11、【短文填空综合填空】 阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使文章语义通顺。On May 22, 2021, Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻)，died of illness at 91 in Hunan. All the Chinese people are in deep grief (悲哀)when hearing the news.As we all know, China is the 1 (large) rice-growing country in the world, but it is still not e

12、asy to feed all the people. In the 1960s, China suffered serious hunger. Finding ways to grow more rice was Yuan Longpings big dream. Then he came up w 2 the idea for a hybrid rice. At that time, most scientists didnt think hybrid rice was worth 3 (study). But Yuan Longping didnt give up. He and his

13、 team worked on the special rice in the 1960s and 1970s. The first hybrid rice appeared in 1973. Now as m 4 as 50% of Chinas total rice are Yuan Longpings hybrid rice. It is regarded a 5 the fifth invention after Chinas Four Major Inventions. Hybrid rice is a special plant. It can grow in the places

14、 w 6 are full of water or lack (缺 乏)of water. It doesnt 7 (easy) get diseases or worms (病虫害).The new kind of rice can produce 30% more rice. In 2004, Yuan Longping 8 (win) the World Food Price for his great work.Yuan Longping wished the hybrid rice could be grown all over the world 9 (solve) the foo

15、d shortage. He once said, “Hybrid rice technology not only belongs to China but a 10 to the whole world.” Yuan Longping is a great scientist and will be greatly missed by all of us.【答案】1. largest 2. (w)ith 3. studying 4. (m)uch5. (a)s6. (w)hicheasily7. wonto solve8. (a)lso【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了杂交水稻之父袁隆平先生在

16、2021年5月22病逝于湖南，以及他为中国人们所做的卓 越贡献。1. 句意：我们都知道，中国是世界上最大的种植水稻的国家，但要养活所有的人仍然不容易。根据“China is the.(large) rice-growing country in the world”可知，横线处缺的单词应是形容词，修饰名词country。根据the” 可知，此处需用形容词的最高级。故填largest。2. 句意：然后他想出了杂交水稻的主意。根据“then he came up w.the idea for a hybrid rice”以及首字母“w”提示 可知，此题考查短语“提出came up with。故填(

17、w)ith。3. 句意：当时，大多数科学家认为杂交水稻不值得研究。根据“most scientists didnt think hybrid rice was worth.(study).”可知，此题考查短语“值得做某事be worth doing sth,其后接动名词。“study”学习，是动词， 其动名词形式是studying。故填studying。4. 句意：现在中国几乎50%的水稻是袁隆平的杂交水稻。根据Now as m.as 50% of Chinal total rice are Yuan Longpings hybrid rice.以及首字母“nT提示可知，此句表达的是几乎50%

18、的水稻是袁老先生的。短语“几乎as much aso 故填(m)uch。5. 句意：它被认为是中国四大创造之后的第五项创造。根据It is regarded a.the fifth invention after Chinas Four Major Inventions.”可知，此句表达的是它被认为是中国的第五项创造。本句考查短语“认为、当作regard as。 故填(a)s。6.句意：它可以生长在水源充足的地方或是缺水的地方。根据“It can grow in the places w.are full of water or lack （缺乏）of water”可知，本句考查定语从句，先行

19、词是“places”地方，是物，引导词在定语从句中作主语, 再结合首字母“w”可知，此引导词应是which。故填（w）hich。7. 句意：它不容易得病或是侵染病虫害。根据It doesn t. .（easy） get diseases or worms”可知，此句中，横线处 缺的成分是副词，修饰动词“get”。“easy”容易的，是形容词，其副词形式是easily。故填easily。8. 句意：2004年，袁隆平因其伟大的工作赢得了世界粮食价格奖。根据“In 2004”可知，本句的时态是一般过 去时，动词需用一般过去式。本句中谓语动词是“wirT赢得，其过去式是won。故填won。9. 句意

20、：袁隆平希望杂交水稻能在全世界种植，以解决粮食短缺的问题。根据Yuan Longping wished the hybrid rice could be grown all over the world.（solve） the fdod shortage.”可知，袁隆平希望杂交水稻能在全世界种植, 目的是解决粮食短缺的问题，可见本句考查的是动词不定式表目的。“solve”解决，是动词，其不定式形式 是 to solve。故填 to solve。10. 句意：杂交水稻技术不仅属于中国，而且也属于全世界。根据Hybrid rice technology not only belongs to Ch

21、ina but a.to the whole world.”可知,此题考查的是短语”不仅而且not only.but also。故填（a）lso。【短文填空选词填空10题】短文填空，从方框中选出适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限 用一次）。将答案按番号依次填入答题卡的相应位置。finally include expression service deliver peace sound scientist provide fail place outBidding farewell to father of hybrid riceYuan remembered

22、for breakthroughs in developing high-yield strains of crop.People paid their 1 respects to Yuan Longping during his farewell （告另1J） ceremony on Monday in Changsha, Central Chinas Hunan Province.When a hearse （灵车）drove out of Xiangya Hospital, at about 4 p.m. on Saturday, people gathered on the roads

23、ide in the rain to see it off.Drivers stopped their cars and 2their horns （喇叭）to show respect, and people on both sides of the street cried out, Grandpa Yuan, we wish you are 3 in another world.”Starting from Saturday afternoon after Yuans body was sent to the mortuary （太平间），individuals, 4 farmers,

24、students, local residents and others from across the country have been visiting the site, 5 flowers and banners （挽联）outside the mortuary.People 6 their sadness in their own ways, the Southern Metropolis Daily reported. A flower shop owner in Changsha 7chrysanthemums （菊花）for free. Some taxi drivers t

25、ransferred people arrivingfrom other places by train to the mortuary at no charge. Some who could not come had flowers8themortuary.Yuan Longping, dubbed the “血her of hybrid rice”, who died from multiple organ （器官）9onSaturday at age 91, will long be remembered for his contribution to help feed the wo

26、rld.The scientist was globally respected for his breakthroughs in developing the genetic materials and technologies essential for breeding high一yield hybrid rice varieties.President Xi Jinping spoke highly of Yuans contributions to Chinas food security, agricultural 10 and technology innovation （仓新）

27、，as well as global food development. He called on Party members and science and technology workers to learn from Yuan, emphasizing that the best way to memorialize the scientist is to learn from him.【答案】1. final 2. sounded 3. peaceful 4. including 5 . placing 6. expressed 7. provided 8 . delivered 9

28、. failure 10. science 【解析】【导吾】本文主要讲述了袁隆平逝世后人们通过各种方式悼念他的情形。1. 句意：周一，在中国中部的湖南省长沙市举行的袁隆平告别仪式上，人们向他表达了最后的敬意。空处的 词是修饰名词，应用形容词；根据空后“during his farewell （告另ij） ceremony on Monday in Changsha, Central Chinas Hunan Province.”可知，空处 final”最后的，形容词。故填 final。2. 句意：司机们停下车，鸣笛以示尊重。根据句子结构可知，空处应是谓语动词；结合空后“their horns

29、（喇叭） to show respect”可知，空处应是sound（使）发出声音”，动词；句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式sounded。 故填 soundedo3. 句意:袁爷爷，我们祝您在另一个世界安详。空处的词在系动词are之后,应是形容词;根据空前主句“we wish” 和选项可知，空处应是peacefill“安静的故填peacefulo4. 句意：自袁的遗体被送往太平间后的周六下午起，包括农民、学生、当地居民和来自全国各地的其他人在 内的个人一直在参观现场，在太平间外放置鲜花和挽联。根据空前“individuals”和空后“farmers, students, local resid

30、ents and others from across the country”关系可知，空处应用 including”包括在内，介词。故填 includingo5. 句意：自袁的遗体被送往太平间后的周六下午起，包括农民、学生、当地居民和来自全国各地的其他人在 内的个人一直在参观现场，在太平间外放置鲜花和挽联。根据空后“flowers and banners （挽联）outside the mortuary丁可知，空处应用place放。动词，分析句子结构可知，空处应用现在分词形式，表示伴随状态， 作状语。故填placing。6. 句意：据南方都市报报道，人们用自己的方式表达他们的悲伤。分析句子

31、结构可知，空处应是谓语动 词；根据空后“their sadness in their own ways”可知，空处应是express“表达”，动词；句子是一般过去时，故 动词应用过去式expressed。故填expressed。7. 句意：长沙一家花店老板免费提供菊花。分析句子结构可知，空处应是谓语动词；根据空后“chrysanthemums （菊花）for free”可知，空处应是provide“提供”，动词，句子是一般过去时，故动词应用过去式provided。故 填 provided o8. 句意：一些不能来的人让人把花送到了太平间。根据空前主语“Some who could not co

32、me”可知，空处应是 deliver“传送”，动词；have sth. done“请/派别人完成某事”，固定用法，deliver的过去分词是delivered。故填 delivered o9. 句意：被称为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平于周六死于多器官衰竭，享年91岁，为帮助养活世界所做的贡献将 长期被人们铭记。空处的词在介词from之后，应用名词；根据空前“died from”可知，空处应是failure失败。名词。故填failure。10. 句意：习近平主席高度评价袁隆平对中国粮食平安、农业科技创新和全球粮食开展的贡献。根据空后“and technology”的提示可知，空处应是science“

33、科学”，不可数名词。故填science。从方框选择单词并用其适当形式填空。（有两个多余选项）success, die, work, introduce, call, graduate, above, discover, high, inspire, share, comeYuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, died in Changsha on May 22, 2021, at the age of 91. Deeply saddened by the 11 of him. Yuan Longping, who was born in Septe

34、mber, 1930,12 fromAgriculture Department in Southwest Agricultural Institute （西南农业学院）.He 13on agricultureeducation and the research into hybrid rice since he left the institute. Professor Yuan is widely known for the 14 of the genetic basis of heterosis in rice （杂交水稻优势的遗传基础）. In the 1960s, when Chin

35、a was suffering serious famine, he 15 up with the idea of hybrid rice, which has a high yield. Ten years later, he 16 in inventing a new species that produced a 20 percent 17 yield than common types of rice. Professor Yuan has shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists. In 1979, his

36、 technique for hybrid rice 18 into the United States, the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of new China. For his contributions, Yuan 19 The Father of Hybrid Rice“ by the Chinese media. He devoted his life to the research of hybrid rice, helping billions achieve food

37、 security. He is an 20 to us all.【答案】death11. graduated. has worked12. discoverycame13. succeededhigher14. . was introducedis called15. inspiration【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了中国“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平在从事农业教育和研究方面的相关事迹。11. 句意：我们对他的死深感悲哀。根据前文的“Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice ,died in Changsha on May 22,2021, at the a

38、ge of 91”可知，应该是我们对袁隆平的逝世深感悲哀，由空前的“the”可知，空缺处应该填的 是动词die的名词death“死亡”，故填deatho12. 句意：袁隆平毕业于西南农业学院。根据空后的Agriculture Department in Southwest Agricultural Institute,nJ 知，袁隆平毕业于西南农业学院，时态是一般过去时，所以空缺处用动词graduate“毕业”的过去式graduated, 故填 graduated o13. 句意：离开学院后，他一直从事农业教育和杂交水稻研究。动词短语work on”从事。由后文的“since he left

39、the institute”可知，时态是现在完成时，构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词，主语“he”是第三人称单数，所 以用has, work的过去分词worked,故填has workedo14. 句意：袁教授因发现水稻杂种优势的遗传基础而广为人知。根据空后的“the genetic basis of heterosis in rice” 可知，应该是杂交水稻优势的遗传基础，由空后的可知，空缺处应该填的是discover发现”的名词 discovery,表示“的发现“故填 discoveryo 15.句意：当中国遭受严重饥荒时，他提出了产量高的杂交水稻的想法。固定搭配come up

40、with想出，提出”, 时态是一般过去时，所以空缺处用动词come的过去式came,故填came。16. 句意:十年后，他成功地培育了产量比普通水稻高20%的新品种。根据后文的“in inventingcommon typesof rice”可知，袁隆平成功地创造了产量高的新品种，succeed in doing sth 成功做某事”，时态是一般过去时， 所以空缺处用动词succeed的过去式succeeded,故填succeededo句意：十年后，他成功地创造了产量比普通水稻高20%的新品种。根据空后的“yield than common types of rice, 可知，应该是培育了比普

41、通水稻产量高的品种，由“than”可知，空缺处应该填的是形容词high“高的”比拟级 higher,故填 highero句意：1979年，他的杂交水稻技术被引进美国，这是新中国历史上第一个知识产权转让案例。根据空前的“his technique for hybrid rice”和空后的into the United States”可知，应该是杂交水稻技术引进美国,主语“his technique for hybrid rice”和动词“introduce”是被动关系，所以用被动语态，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时 的被动语态构成：主语+was/were+动词过去分词，主语“his techniq

42、ue for hybrid rice”是单数，所以用was, introduce引进”的过去分词是 introduced,故填 was introducedo句意：由于他的贡献，袁被中国媒体称为“杂交水稻之父根据空后的“The Father ofHybrid Rice” by the Chinese media”可知，袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父、主语“Yuan”和动词“call”是被动关系，所以用被动语态， 时态是一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态构成：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语“Yua屋是单数，所以 用is, call“叫做”的过去分词是called,故填is called句

43、意：他鼓舞了 我们所有人。根据前文的He devoted his life to the research of hybrid rice ,helping billions achieve food security”可知，应该是他鼓舞了我们所有人，由空前的“an”可知，空缺处应该填的是动词inspire 的名词 inspiration鼓舞，故填 inspirationo请根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空,，使短文通顺、连贯，方枢中有两个词为多余项。whom introduce although die many whogreat wewearsuccessful remember

44、without“Have you eaten yet? Its a common question fbr greeting each other in China. As the oldChinese saying goes, “The food is what matters to the people. 21 food has played an important part inChinese culture for years, hunger had been a big problem in in the country.However, the Chinese scientist

45、 Yuan Longping is a hero 22 helped lift the nation out of hunger.Yuan began to study rice in the 1960s when millions of Chinese died because they had no food to eat. But Yuan spent ten years working in the field and 23 developed his special hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.The new rice can produce 15 to 20 percent

46、 24 than that of common rice. And it can feed nearly one-fifth of the worlds population with less than 9 percent of the worlds total land. Such great progress could not be made 25 Yuan Longpings effort. Yuan Longping was also given the name the father of hybrid rice”. At the sametime, the new rice 2

47、6 to other countries and helped provide food for more than 70 million people.Yuan Longping9s27 is a great loss to China and the world. On May 25th, people from all walks oflife in China and abroad 28 black to pay their last respect to this Chinas top rice scientist. Many of us hadnt met Yuan Longpin

48、g, but we wanted to thank him fbr letting 29 have enough food and a good life. Yuan Longping passed away but his spirit lives on. The best way 30 the scientist is to learn from him. Lets carry on his scientific spirit and take action to repay society.【答案】Although17. whosuccessfully18. morewithout19. was introduceddeath20. woreus21. to remember【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了科学家袁隆平先生研究培育杂交水稻的经历。21. 句意：虽然食物多年来在中国文化中扮演着重要的角色，但饥饿一直是这个国家的一个大问题。根据题干 可知此处缺少连词，结合所给单词，用although符合句意。因在句首，首字母需大写。故填Although。22. 句意：然而，中国科学家袁隆平是一个英雄，他帮助国家摆脱了饥饿。分析题干可知句子为定语从句，此 处缺少引导词，根