专题03谓语动词和非谓语动词-2022年高考英语二轮复习之语法贯通+题型突破（新高考专用）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、专题03谓语动词和非谓语动词1 .时态或语态已成为语篇型填空的必考内容。高考卷语篇型填空以对时态的考查为主, 以对语态的考查为辅。对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时 等常见时态。此外，在考查时态的同时还会考查主谓一致问题。主谓一致主要考查主语为 第三人称单数，在一般现在时中,实义动词应加-sbe动词应用is;一般过去时中,be动词用was 或 were。2 .短文改错主要考查:时态、语态的错用;过去分词与过去式的混用;一般现在时中, 主语为单数第三人称时谓语动词需加，力的用法。3 .对于情态动词和虚拟语气的考查主要体现在短文改错中。主要考查情态动词最基本的 用法，如4青

2、态动词后需加动词原形而非过去式;对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在表示“命令、 建议、请求、要求”的动词后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形，且should可以 省略。4 .未来高考卷仍然会以考查最基本的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时）为主、 仍然会采用考查时态为主，语态为辅的原则。5 .语篇型填空对非谓语动词用法的考频为:作宾语一作状语一作定语一作主语、表语一作 补语。而短文改错对非谓语动词用法的考频为:作宾语一作状语,且在考查非谓语动词作宾语 时主要考查介词后需用动名词作宾语。6 .以后的高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且非谓语动词作宾语、作状语及作定语 仍会是考查

3、重点。7 .非谓语动词作补语可能会成为高考的一个难点。1. （2021 四川绵阳一诊,67） BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability （receive） messages sent by people from areas with poor signals.【答案】to receive【解析】此处考查固定用法ability to do sth.”做某事的能力”。2. （2021 天津八校联考,28）（release） on Se

4、ptember 25,2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.【答案】Released【解析】此处表示“她没有从她(从事了)36年的事业中退休的计划”。名词plan(s)后常跟不定 式作定语,plans to do sth.意为”做某事的计划”。50. (2019 全国 11,68) When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.【答案】sayi

5、ng【解析】句意:当我们接到一个电话说她入围时，我们以为这是个玩笑。分析句子结构可知,say 与a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式saying,saying”作后置定语，说明a call 的内容。51. (2019 全国 111,62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get) there.【答案】.toget【解析】句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得非常大，我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到达那 里。i

6、t takes sb. some time to do sth,意为”做某事花费某人多长时间:其中it作形式主语,动词不 定式作真正的主语。52. ( 2019 天津0) Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.【答案】designed【解析】此处course与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。53. (2019 江苏,32)Chinas image is improvi

7、ng steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.【答案】recognizing【解析】句意:随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步提升。 此处是with复合结构，动词recognize与其逻辑主语more countries之间是主谓关系，故用动词 -ing形式。54. (2018 全国 111,64 & 65) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his ey

8、es so he doesnt feel(challenge).答案looking; challenged【解析】句意:我赶紧弯腰低头,避免与他直视，这样他就不会感觉受到挑战。第一空在avoid 后作宾语,avoid doing sth.表示”避免做某事”，故此处应用动词-ing形式;第二空在系动词feel 之后,作表语，且challenge和主语he为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。55. (2018 全国 n,70) Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful l

9、essons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide/ says the banks Juergen Voegele.【答案】feeding【解析】此处为状语从句的省略，且feed与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。56. (2018 浙江 11 月,62) Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.【答案】called【解析】分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是cause,此处应填非谓语动词;problem与call之 间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故

10、应用过去分词。57. (2018 全国 1,62) You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. 【答案】to see【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。58. (2018 W匕京,10) Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 【答案】used【解析】句意:普通肥皂,如果使用得当，能有效应对细菌。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作条 件状语,use与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。59. (2018

11、江苏,26)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.【答案】exceeding【解析】句意:这段时间约13 500个新的就业岗位被创造出来，超过了市场分析师预计的12 000个。exceed与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。60(2018 全国 111,70)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay) and watch. 【解析】t

12、o stay【解析】此处考查allow sb. to do sth.”允许某人做某事”，故填不定式作宾语补足语。61. (2018 天津,7) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take).【答案】taken【解析】分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作宾语补足语，动词take与my photograph之间是逻 辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。62. (2018 1 匕京,3) (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding exper

13、ience.【答案】Traveling【解析】句意:沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有意义的经历。分析句子结构可知,is前的 部分为主语，故此处应用动词-ing形式。63. (2018 浙江,59) I still remember (visit) a friend whoM lived here for five years.【答案】visiting【解析】结合语境可知，此处表示”记得做过某事”，因此用remember doing sth.,故填visiting。64. (2017 乙卷(全国 1),63) Fat and salt are very important parts of a

14、diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat.【答案】to process【解析】句意:动植物油和盐是饮食中非常重要的部分。我们需要它们来加工吃的食物。此 处考查be required to do sth.(被需要来做某事)(2017 丙卷(全国 111),61) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).【答案】.resting【解析】spend some time doing sth.是固定用法，故填res

15、tingo(2017 4匕京,27) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.【答案】to save【解析】句意:现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机卡，以节约他们的宝贵时间。根据 句意并分析句子结构可知,空处用动词不定式作目的状语。65. (2017 J匕京,30) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to el

16、ephants.【答案】ranging【解析】句意:国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可 知，空处应使用非谓语动词,且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为主谓关系，故填 ranging o(2017 天津，10) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).【答案】to catch【解析】句意:整个会议上我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空所在部分用了 have sth. to do 结构表示“有某事要做”，因此这里

17、用不定式。66. (2017 丙卷(全国 III),65 )But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案】toprove【解析】want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove(2016 四川，64) For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)!【答案】to eat【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式

18、的主动形式作定语修饰不定代词somethingo 71. (2016 丙卷(全国 111),64) People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝)to remove it.【答案】using【解析】use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。72. (2016 丙卷(全国 111),63) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句

19、意:熟练的工人为了创造独特的设计，还把各种硬木与金属结合起来。本空在句中 作目的状语，因此用不定式。73. (2016 天津,4) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnecessary.【答案】making【解析】句意:冷风通过我们卧室的窗户袭来，使得开空调没有必要。空处在句中作结果状语, 表示自然而然的结果，且与句子主语之间为主谓关系，故应用现在分词。74. (2016 乙卷(全国 1),67) My ambassadorial duties will include(in

20、troduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【答案】introducing【解析】动词include后要跟动词-ing作宾语，所以此空填introducing。75. （2020全国II ） In order to release （由我们的学习造成的压力）,I went to Xingxing Farm （摘一些橘子）together with my classmates last

21、weekend.76. （2020 全国 H） （沐浴在阳光下），we sang and laughed while picking oranges.77. （2020 天津 5 月）1 also（喜欢看一些有趣的）English films on the Internet, which helps（提高我的听说技能）.78. （ 2020 江苏）All these efforts made the inaccessible things about China （很容易被外国观众理解）.79. （2019全国I） （了解到中国画展览将要举办）at the gallery next month

22、, I am writing to apply （成为一名志愿者）.答案75.the pressure resulting from our study; to pick some oranges76.Bathed in sunshine.enjoy watching some interesting; （to） improve my listening and speaking skills.easily understood by the foreign audience77 .Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held;

23、to become a volunteer【提高训练】A专项语篇型填空（非谓语动词）Standing at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 1 （dress）in blue jeans. She went in and asked 2 （see） a dress in the window. The assistant 3 （serve） her did not like the way she dressed and told her the dress was sold. The woman walked out of t

24、he shop angrily. 4 （decide） to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning. Finding the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager 5 （serve）her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window 6 （get） the dres

25、s. Seeing this, the woman said that she didnt like it. She made the assistant 7 （bring） almost everything in the window before finally 8 （buy） the dress she had asked for at first. She was very pleased with what she haddone. 9（recognize）the woman by now, the assistant didnt feel angry. Instead, he f

26、elt sorry for what he had done the day before, 10 （apologize） to her for what he had done. The woman forgavehim and later became a regular customer of the shop.【解析】本文讲述了顾客和售货员之间发生的故事。1 .dressed动词dress表示“穿衣服”，这里用过去分词作后置定语。2 .to see ask后接不定式作宾语，表示”要求做某事”。3 .serving serve与The assistant为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作

27、定语。4 .Having decided这里用动词-ing作状语，用其完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作发生。5 .to serve这里用be eager to do sth.表示“渴望做某事”。6 .to get此处用不定式作目的状语。7 .bring动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。8 .buying空处位于介词before后，应用动词-ing形式作宾语。9 .Having recognized这里用动词-ing作状语用其完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作发 生。10 .apologizing空处所在句已有谓语动词，故空处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语，且apologize 与其逻辑主语h

28、e之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。B语法填空(2021 山东部分重点中学综合测试)Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in a remote town in the mountains of Yunnan province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders when all of sudden, the clouds seemed to burst and the electricity went out. 2 (see) that the students were staring

29、at the rain, Kang 3 (immediate) got a burst of inspiration.She told them to go outside, under a shelter, to enjoy the rain and come back to write something like a poem. Much 4 her surprise, the works written by the students were far beyond her expectations!Inspired by that class, Kang founded the no

30、n-profit organization, Enlighten Our Future, to help Chinese youngsters improve their mental well-being and their exam grades through poetry composition and 5 (appreciate), She managed to persuade 13 schools 6 (adopt) the “Four-Season Poetry Lessons11 project, with a teaching plan, content and metho

31、ds she provided. So far, the poetry lessons 7 (design) by the organization have helped 68,000 students in 823 primary and middle schools, mostly in poor areas. Now Enlighten Our Future 8 (run) by three full-time workers, including Kang, 60 part-time workers, 280 backups and more than 1,000 volunteer

32、s.Whats great about poetry is that it can help one to find an 9 (effect) way to communicate with oneself, she says. nWhat they need is not sympathy, but recognition, 10 I think will influence their whole life.”【解析】24岁的志愿者教师康瑜在云南省山区一个偏僻的小镇上教书法。一场大雨使教室 断电，她便让学生去看雨并创作诗歌。学生们的作品远远超出了她的预期，这件事启发她创立 了非营利组织“

33、是光“，通过诗歌创作和欣赏帮助中国青少年改善心理健康和考试成绩。l.a考查固定搭配。all of a sudden”突然”为固定搭配。2.Seeing考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，与主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词 形式。1.1 mmediately考查词形转换。副词修饰动词，此处修饰动词got,故用副词形式。4 .to考查固定搭配。Much to her surprise意为”令她十分惊讶的是”，符合语境。5 .appreciation考查名词。此处表示通过诗歌创作和欣赏”,and连接并列成分,composition为 名词，故此处应填appreciate的名词形式。6 .to a

34、dopt考查固定用法。persuade sb. to do sth.”说服某人做某事”为固定用法。7 .designed考查非谓语动词。此处为分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词lessons,空处与lessons 构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。8 .is run考查时态、语态和主谓一致。Now提示时态应为现在时，又此处表述客观情况，故用 一般现在时;主语Enlighten Our Future为单数，应是被运营，与run是被动关系，故填is run。【知识储备】用所给动词的适当形式填空，需要先判断该动词是作谓语还是为非谓语动词,如果是作谓语，要考虑时态、语态和单复数问题。9 .effect

35、ive考查形容词。修饰名词需要用形容词,空处修饰名词way,应用形容词effective”有 效的”。10 .which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句冼行词为recognition,指物，空处在该 定语从句中作主语，故用whicho【解析】分析句子结构可知，本句的主干为soon became a great hit”,空处为非谓语动词作 状语，且release与主语Leap之间为动宾关系,故填过去分词形式。3. （2021 安徽江淮十校二测,42） Though he studied for the civil service exam to become a civil servan

36、t like his father, Du Fu failed （pass） and spent many years traveling.【答案】to pass【解析】句意:尽管杜甫为了像父亲一样成为一名官员而参加了科举考试,但他没有通过考试， 接着开始了多年的游历生活。fail to do意为”失败，未做成”，为固定搭配，故填to passo（2021 山西太原质量监测,63）The people born in the 1980s or 1990s believe that（save） food is a virtue.【答案】saving【答案】分析句子结构可知,空处与food为宾语从

37、句的主语，应用动词-ing形式，故填savingo 5. （2021 黑龙江哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试,64） Plum rains, often （occur）during June and July, refer to the long period of continuous rainy or cloudy weather.【答案】occurring【解析】分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为refer to,故空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语是主谓关 系,所以填occurringo（2021 j折江 1 月,62）In 1985, urban men and women in more than

38、three quarters of the countries （study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.【答案】studied【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为had,故该空填非谓语动词，且作后置定语修饰 countries;又study（研究）与countries之间是被动关系，且表示动作已完成，故填studiedo（2020 全国 1,66） Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 （find） and study ar

39、eas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】to find【解析】use sth. to do sth.”使用来做某事”。故填不定式to find。6. （2020 全国 H ,63） They represent the earth （come） back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】句中已有谓语动词represent,空处应填非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上 的主谓关系，且不表将来，所以填coming。7. (2020 全国 H,68) They ar

40、e easy (care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care【解析】此处考查Sth.+be +c.+to do ”结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。8. (2020 浙江,60) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology (change) lives.【答案】to change【解析】根据语境可知，”农业使人们首次体验到科技改变生活的力量，此处用动词不定式作 定语。9. (2020 天津，14) The dancers incred

41、ible performance had the audience on its feet (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.【答案】clapping【解析】分析句子结构并根据句意可知,此处是have sb. doing sth.结构，故填clapping。10. (2020 4匕京,8) A piece of stone (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than

42、previously thought.【答案】found【解析】此处表示在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语为suggests, 主句主语为A piece ofbeach”,设空处需用非谓语,find和stone之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故 填 found o(2020 浙江 1 月,60) The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population bec

43、omes older than before.【答案】compared【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，且compare与逻辑主语old generations是动 宾关系，故填comparedo compared to也可看作固定结构，意为“与相比”，作状语。11. (2019 全国 111,70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(list

44、en) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】listen与其逻辑主语we之间是主谓关系,此处应用动词-ing作伴随状语。12. (2019 天津,4) (learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.【答案】Learning【解析】句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知, 主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的内容是主语，故此处应用动词-ing短语作主

45、语，表示一般性的陈 述概念，故用动词-ing。13. (2018 全国 1,63) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.【答案】dying【解析】reduce ones risk of意为降低某人的风险”,介词of后应用动词-ing作宾语。14. (2018 全国 II ,64) Another reason for coms rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of r

46、ice(improve) water quality.【答案】to improve【解析】句意:玉米(产量)增加的另一个原因:为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种玉米代替水稻。 根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。15. Wearing the correct clothes for different occasions was very important, despite it meant (change) clothes five or six times a day.【答案】changing【解析】句意:在不同的场合穿着恰当的衣服是非常重要的，尽管这意味着一天要换五六次

47、衣 服。mean doing sth. ”意味着做某事”，符合句意。16. As more people are deciding not (eat) meat and animal products,vegetarianism(素食 主义)is becoming one rising trend in the UK.【答案】to eat【解析】句意:随着越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品，素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋 势。decide(not) to do sth.”决定(不)做某事”，为固定结构。17. We can also remind teenagers that we should

48、 wash our hands and follow other heath advice not only (protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress.【答案】to protect【解析】句意:我们还可以提醒青少年，我们应该洗手并且遵从其他健康建议，不仅为了保护自 己，也为了帮助缓解压力。空格所在句已有谓语，故空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示 目的。not onlybut also连接两个并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。18. According to research (publish) in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. people who ate more red meat or processed meat in their diet had a higher chance of dying from a long-lasting disease.【答案】published【解析】句意:根据发表在美国临床营