专题15：概要写作+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

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1、概要写作篇+综合练Develop childrens lifelong learning ability词汇拓展 专题精生实战演练能力提升练2018年1月高考真题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us dont know why we laugh at

2、some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes

3、 us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter

4、is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part o

5、f human nature. And mirroring other peoples laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laugh

6、ter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans

7、 learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We

8、laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w)(一)SummaryDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize

9、in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales StrategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the

10、role of the salesperson? Is the salespersons job narrative, suggestive, or consultive?The narrative“ sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach

11、 is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a large number of prospects on which to call.The suggestive“ approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative re

12、commendations that meet a particular customers needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strate

13、gy demands that a companys sales staff act as “consultants“ fbr the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed

14、presentation tailored specifically to a consumers needs.More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles （无形资产）such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational

15、background and technical skills.Sales strategies are classified as narrative, suggestive and consultive. Salespeople use the narrative strategy to promote products with standard presentations. The suggestive approach requires the salesperson to recommend a suitable product after talking with custome

16、rs. The consultive strategy demands that salespeople acquire information about customers and act as their consultants”. Nowadays more and more sales teams prefer the consultive approach. （60 words）Why play games? Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules.planning your next mo

17、ve.acting as a team member.these are all game ideas that you will come across throughout your life.Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting d

18、ramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating. Many childrens games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some S

19、audi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination （协 调）needed in hunting.Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People w

20、ho watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world

21、. People on all continents play it-some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.Next time you play your

22、favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.Apart from fun, playing games brings more to people. In doing the games, children learn to obey rules and prepare them to work as adults. Games encourage

23、 athletes to compete for medals, encouraging national or local pride; at the same time, sports and games can get people united and even spread hope to them. (54 words)能力提升练_Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and

24、 grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.You know that the business of business is making money. What you may not realize is (21)simple that business is. You need

25、two fundamental ingredients - a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will (22)sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two一(23)(desire) product and competent people-good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.You cant expect to p

26、roduce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the companys strengths (24)the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees (25)(perform) aswell as they can. They wont r

27、emain superb (26)reliable leadership and, infact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment (27)profits are skyrocketing, and business (28)not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning mo

28、re money than ever before (29)(indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesnt necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.Every business wants to be know

29、n for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service (30)keeps it in business year after year.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word ca

30、n only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. double B. intense C. pressures D. stock E. agriculture F. trappedG. withdrawal H. availability I. drive J. expanding K. risingThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty(国家主 权)a

31、nd religious expression. How much more 31 will these conflicts be when people fight over theEarths most indispensable resource-water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the 32 of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct. Less than three percent of the

32、planefs 33 is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is 34 in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers (含水层)too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last?, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that 35 tension and conflict overfreshwater:

33、 Using up the water resource pie. In India, the worlds second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater 36 is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in anyother country. Although water is a renewable, resource, it is not a(n)37 one. The freshwater availabl

34、etoday for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.)Global 38 accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the worlds most water-stressed,controversial areas -t

35、he Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphratespopulation increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than 39 over the next generation. Mostexperts agree that, because of g

36、eography, population 40 and politics, water wars are most likely tobreak out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there ar

37、e four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of ones intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people.The so

38、-called non-intelligence factors9 include ones feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year study, American psychologists 4that the main cause of differences in intelligence is not intelligence 42, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will power and self-c

39、onfidence.43 people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits,quite a number of teachers and parents dont pay much attention to 44 these factors .Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either g

40、enetic factors, or laziness, but they never take into 45 these non-intelligence factors. At the same time,some teachers dont inquire into reasons why students do 46. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or 47 criticize or laugh at them. After all, these students lose self-confidence. So

41、me of themjust feel defeated and 48 themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray （堕落）because they are sickof learning. An investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were 49 of learning, because of examinations, 36.4 per cent lacked persis

42、tence, initiative and consciousness and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning .It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main 50 to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological and 51 development amonga few students .If

43、we dont start now to 52 the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only affect the development of the 53 of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts haveput forward 54 about how to cultivate students5 non-intelligence factors. Parents and teachers shou

44、ld 55understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning, exciting their interests and toughening their willpower.41. A. came outB found outC. made outD worked out42. A. in itselfB. by itselfC. itselfD. on its own43. A. ThoughB. NeverthelessC. Howeve

45、rD. Moreover44. A. believingB studyingC. cultivatingD. developing45. A. effectB commentC. considerationD. preparations46. A. poorlyB properlyC. successfullyD. dependently47. A. everB evenC. stillD more48. A. putB. getC. handleD. give49. A. afraid50. A. difficulty51. A. intelligent52. A. practise53.

46、A. intelligence54. A. projects55. A. fully56. A. afraid57. A. difficulty58. A. intelligent59. A. practise60. A. intelligence61. A. projects62. A. fullyB, aheadB - questionB characteristicB regulateB. diligenceB warningsB greatlyC awareC- threatC. psychologicalC. strengthenC. cultivationC. suggestion

47、sC veryD ashamedD. obstacleD. physicalD urgeD performanceD. decisionD. highlyDirections: Read the followingpassage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Its impossible for students to

48、make up small groups in large lecture halls.B. In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might beasked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course.C. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: Everything ofimportance comes from the teacher.D. College classroo

49、m space should be designed to encourage the activity ofcritical thinking.E. Large classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allowmuch less flexibility.F. The primary, goal should be. for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to