专项复习讲练测-动词.docx

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1、小升初语言知识运用动词一、动词的种类动词根据其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为实义动词和助动词。实义动词构成动词词组的基本意义，可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。助动词协助实义动词构成动词词组，表示不同的语法意义和情态意义，主要分为基本助动词（如： be, do, will 等）和情态动词（如:can, may, must, should, need 等）。二、实义动词.及物动词和不及物动词（1）及物动词后面必须跟宾语，例如：He is reading a newspaper.他在看报纸。She gave me a box of candies.她给我盒糖果。（2）不及物动词不带宾语，例如：

2、The winter holidays are coming.寒假即将来临 了。It is raining outside.夕卜面在下雨。（3）有些动词既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，例如：read, sing, begin, eat, drink, know, help, try等。例如：Class begins at eight o*clock.八点开始上课。（不及物动词）Lets begin our class.我们开始上课吧。（及物动词）1 .连系动词连系动词后面必须接表语（常为名词和形容词）。（1）常用的连系动词有b （是），become （变成），get （成为），go （变

3、成），look （看上去）， grow （逐渐变成），seem （看上去），turn （变成），例如：Jenny is very happy.珍妮很高兴。He became famous.他知名了。Mike is getting taller.迈克长高了。Milk goes bad easily in summer.夏天牛奶容易变质。Jack looks sad.杰克看上去很难过。Her face turned red.她的脸变红了。（2）表示感觉和知觉的动词也可以作连系动词，例如:feel （感觉），taste （尝起来），smell （闻 起来），sound （听起来）等。例如：094.

4、The weatherman says it will rainy tomorrow afternoon.九、根据中文提示，完成以下句子。095. Mingming （对弹吉他感兴趣）at his young age. He wanted （学习弹吉他）.O96.This is （一张我们学校乐队的表格）097. The students（开运动会）in the playground now. I will take part in （参加） （足球比赛）.098. Sandy will 付巴握机会）to take part in the race.099. （我们的音乐老师）will （在音

5、乐方面帮助我们）.100.1 go to （上海大居院） （一月一次）.令一关注有礼令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线事学科同Norman doesnt feel well today.诺曼今天感觉不舒服。How does the lemon taste?柠檬的味道怎么样？The roast duck smells nice.烤鸭闻起来很香.That sounds good.那听起来不错.(2)有些动词既可以作连系动词，也可以表示具体动作，问如：She looks angry.她看上去很愤怒.She looked angri

6、ly at us.她愤怒地看着我们。三、助动词.基本助动词：be, do, will(1) be(am, is, are):作为助动词时,主要用于构成动词的现在进行时,例如：He isnt watching TV in the sitting room.他不在客厅里看电视。They were playing football in the playground this time yesterday.他们昨天这个时候在操场上踢足球。(2) do:常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否认句和一般疑问句及其回答，例如：I dont like snakes.我不喜欢蛇。Did you go to the

7、cinema last weekend? 一你上周末去看电影 了吗？-Yes, I did.-是的。-Do you often do your homework before supper? 一你经常在晚饭前做作 业吗？-Yes, I do.-是的。(3) will:用于构成动词的一般将来时，例如：They will go to the park tomorrow.他们明天将去公园。Hell take part in the English contest next week.他下周将要参力口一个英语 竞赛。PH go to Beijing this summer holidays.今年暑假我

8、将要去北京。注意：当主语是第一人称I或we时，也可用shall表示一般将来时。典型例题选择合适的助动词，并用其适当的形式填空。(1) Its nine oclock in the morning. They having an English lesson.(2) The girl like bread for breakfast.(3) It*s raining outside. We go out and play.正确答案(l)are (2)doesn!t (3)won,t/shan,t解题思路 第一题是are having构成现在进行时；第二题是一般现在时的否认形式，the girl是

9、第三人称单数，所以用doesnt:第三题的意思是“外面正在下雨，我们不出去玩。”应填wont或shant。2.情态动词情态动词的后面必须接动词原形构成谓语，表示能够、应该、需要、推测、意愿等情态意义。一 个情态动词往往有多种用法。（1） can:表示能力、可能、许可等意义，例如：I can drive a car.我会开车。（表示能力）You can find him in the classroom.你可以在教室里找至他。（表示可能）Can I turn down the radio?我能把收音机音量调小点吗？（表示许可）It cant be true.这不可能是真的。（表示推测）（2） m

10、ay:表示许可、可能等意义，例如：May I sit here?我可以坐这里吗？（表示许可）He may help you.他可能会帮助你。（表示可能）（2） must:表示必须、肯定的推测等意义,例如：We must keep the school rules at school.我们必须要遵守学校的规章制度。（表示义务、必要）You must be hungry.你一定是饿了。（表示肯定的猜想语气）You mustnl smoke here.你不可以在这里抽烟。（表示不允许）-Must I finish my homework now?-我现在必须要完成作业吗？Yes, you must.

11、 /No, you neednft.-是的，必须。/不，不必。注意：Must.?问句的否认回答是 neednt/dont need to/donft have to,而不是 mustnt（4） need:作为情态动词时，多用于否认句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，例如：Need I make an appointment?我需要预约吗？You neednt worry about it.你不必担忧。注意：Need？疑问句的肯定回答是用must,否认回答是neednt,例如:-Need I hurry?-我需要快点吗？-Yes, you must. /No, you neednt 一是的，你必须快点

12、。/不，不需要。典型例题（1） （） -I do it now? - No, you.A. Must; mustntB. Must; cantC. Must; neednt正确答案C解题思路 该题的意思是“我现在必须要做这件事吗？不，不必。Must？问句的否认回答是用neednt。（2） () Need I learn how to cook? .A. Yes, you must.B. No, you mustntC. Yes, you need.正确答案A解题思路该题的意思是“我需要学烹饪吗?是的，必须学， Need？问句的肯定回答是用must。四、动词的形式小学阶段学习的动词形式主要有四种

13、，即:动词原形、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词的现在分词形式以及动词的过去式。1 .动词的第三人称单数形式(1) 一般直接在动词词尾加-s,例如：run - runs, play - plays, work - works 等。(2)以-s, - x, - 0, - sh, - ch结尾的动词，加es,例如：brush - brushes, go - goes, pass - passes, watch - watches 等。(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es,例如：fly - flies, study - studies 等。(4)个别不规那么变化单词，需要单独记忆，例如:

14、have-has等。2 .动词现在分词(-ing)的构成(1) 一般直接在动词的词尾加-ing,例如：pick - picking, do - doing, sing - singing 等。(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing,例如：make - making, take - taking 等。(3)末尾是重读闭音节,且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词,将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加-ing,例如: dig - digging, swim - swimming, run - running, skip - skipping 等。3 .动词过去式的构成(1)一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加-e

15、d,例如：play - played, clean - cleaned 等。(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加-d,例如：hope - hoped, arrive - arrived 等。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed,例如：cry - cried, study - studied 等。(4)末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加-ed,例如: stop - stopped, mop - mopped 等。(5)另有一些不规那么变化需特别记忆，例如：have - had, say - said 等。练习二 照样子写出动词的三种形式。w

16、alked例：walkwalkswalking0() 1. use 002. put 003. cry 004. play 005.see 006. give 007. pick 008. know 009. have 010. fly _Oil. grow 012. eat _013. open 014. make 015. lay 016. sit _017. read 018. hear 019. enjoy 020. say 二、用be动词的适当形式填空。021. This Kittys dog. It black and white.022. That Toms uncle. His

17、 name John.023. How you? I fine, thank you.024. We going to the park this Saturday.025. Those toys for my cousin and sister.026.your Chinese teacher and English teacher tall?027. Taste the lemon. It sour.028. The number of her students sixteen.029. - How old they? - They ten years old.030. Alice and

18、 Sue good friends.三、用助动词do或will的适当形式填空。031. What your sister? She is a nurse.032. Do you like to play football? Yes. I.033. Jim,look out of the window in class.034. Tomorrow is Sunday. We have a picnic in the park.035. Tom and Tina often make fruit salad? No, they.036.1 my homework after supper last

19、 night.037.you play video games with your friend last weekend?038.your mother wash dishes after dinner every day?039. What you do this evening? I take a walk with my parents in the garden.040. It be rainy tomorrow.四、用适当的情态动词填空。041. A: Im hungry.I have some French fries?B: No, youd better have some b

20、read. It*s good for your health.A: Thank you, mum.042 - 043. A:I finish the work before 11 oclock?B: Yes, you. Hurry up, please.A: OK, I will.044 - 045. A:your father dive in the river?B: Yes, he. Hes a diver.A: Wow, hes super.046 - 047. Students shout in class. And they follow the schoolrules.048 -

21、 050. A:I clean my room now, Mum?B: No, you, You do it later.五、英汉互译。051 .在城堡里052. learn a lot about robots053 .来花园玩054. give him a surprise055 ,感到既寒冷又伤心056. no one hurts056. no one hurts057.推倒城墙058. move the furniture059.和我的朋友在网上聊天060. help plants grow060. help plants grow061.端午节062. be careful063.品

22、尝一下这个大橘子064. an interesting insect065.在科技博物馆066. on Wednesday afternoon066. on Wednesday afternoon六、用所给动词适当形式填空。067. My cousin can(ride) a bicycle very well.068. My grandmother often(cook) vegetables in a big pan, but she(cook) meat in a small pan yesterday evening.069. The students of Class Two, Gr

23、ade Five usually(eat) fast food once a month.070. Where is Peter? - He(water) the flowers with his grandfather in the garden.071. Mr. White(have) dinner with us last night, but he(not have) dinner with us tonight.072. Look, the children(skip) in the playground. They like(skip) very much. Lets (join)

24、 them, shall we?073. Lucys father(not do) any washing after supper. He always(smoke) outside.74. Tom usually(eat) out at weekends. But he(not eat) out last weekend.075 . Its getting dark. Itfs time(go) home.七、选择填空。()076. Do you the work? - It is difficult but I like it.A. enjoyingB. to enjoyC. enjoy

25、()077. How often your father go on an outing? Once a month.A. isB. doC. does)078. The Lis are for a trip this summer.C. goesA. goingB. to go)079. After your homework, you can ball games.A. finish; playB. finishing; play)080. Lets the Internet, shall we?A. surfB. to surf)081. Its made of pork. nice.A

26、. SoundsB. SoundC. to finish: playC. surfingC. Its sound)082. When does May dance every day? She it every day.A. dancesB. doC. does)083. Must I do my homework now?No, you. But you must it before eight oclock.A. neednt; finishB. must; finishingC. canft; finish)084. Why not)084. Why notafter school?A.

27、 playing sportsB. play sportsC. to play sports)085. Wed likebasketballP. E. lessons.A. play; onB. to play; inC. playing;in)086. When the sports meet?A. do; beginB. is; beginC. did;begin)087.1 jogging before. Now I am interested in.A. enjoy; swimmingB. enjoyed; to swimC. enjoyed; swimming)088. Just n

28、ow our teacher us that the earth around the sun.A. tells; goesB. told; wentC. told; goes)089. We Beijing this summer holiday.A. will visitB. is visitingC. visited八、改正以下句子中的错误。090. Listen, the wind blowing hard.091. The classmates of Class Two visit the Shanghai Museum yesterday afternoon.092. Lets to wash dishes together.093. The hamburgers tastes delicious.