2023年高考英语复习讲练测第17讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文(20空)(讲)(全国通用教案).docx
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1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第17班完形填空夹叙夹议文(20空)(讲)【考纲考情】夹叙夹议文是近年来高考完形填空常见的一种体裁,这类体裁的文章一般具有哲理性,往往从一件看 似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味,可读性较强。在语言方面,这类体裁的文章既有记叙文的特点,同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上,该文体采用 “先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式,旨在记叙的基础上,通过议论的手段,说明作者 的态度、观点、思想和目的。选材上会源于真实生活,平淡表达中流露人间真情,表达理性思维,人文情 怀、参与社会的人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主,其中动词会占半壁江山,虚词几乎不会考查,
2、并且 完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。难易上,句内层次题(答案由设空所在句子决定,多凭语感可知答案) 和句组层次题(答案由设空临近句子决定,需前后寻找信息或暗示)较容易且所占比重较大,语篇层次题 (答案由整篇文章的内涵决定,需统揽全局)考查较少但难度较大。【考点梳理】针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题,解答技巧如下:1 .分析结构,抓住作者观点。在做题时要借助文章结构,认真体会记叙和议论的关系,抓住作者的观点,明确文章的组织方式。看 文章属于上述哪种结构,从而明白作者的思路。2 .重视首句,把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的,为全面理解文 章翻
3、开一扇“窗户”。3 .叙议兼顾,理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础,而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时,掌握议论 局部的内容是关键,因为表达是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来,再结合人物心 理和行为的描述,全面把握文章才能正确解题。4 .抓住转换,理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式,理清上下文之间的逻辑关系,在充分把握语境的基础上, 辨析词语,进一步把握作者的观点、态度,找到正确答案。解答完形填空题需具备“题文齐读”的技能,也即是一边读文,一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。这项 技能要求较高,运用此法要保证注意力高度集中,要具备较强的聚合思维
4、。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用 才能默化成规,内化于心。通常,在具体的解题中,需掌握以下解题方法:1.利用平行结构解题平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由 and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密,利用它可以提高解题效率。(2019-: Bl Ill/Teople have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other, “Ro says. “The town square was totally 55.full ”A.
5、 drivingB. hidingC. campingD. sitting【答案】D【解析】and用于连接平行结构,与设空后standing对应的应该是sitting。应选:Do2 .利用语境暗示解题上下文或语境具体表达为:全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际 关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题,我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示,推导出正确答案。(2020全国卷 I )1 wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very stro
6、ng 51.fear that the lie were telling is doing 52 damage to our children.A. physicalB. biologicalC. spiritualD. behavioral【答案】C【解析】此题可以利用语境暗示解题。根据语境可知,此处指“我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在 说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵的(spiritual)伤害”。应选:Co3 .利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上,留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。 因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索,可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。(
7、2021 天津高考 3 月)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road t
8、o sympathy 18.instead.A. amazedB. madC. curiousD. frightened【答案】B【解析】句意:Robbie Pruitt(罗比普鲁伊特)成认,去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时,他很生气。amazed “惊讶的;mad “生气的”;curious “好奇的;frightened 害怕的。根据下文“letting go of his anger”可知, 发现车被偷,Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。应选:Bo4 .利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识,做题时利用这些知识,特 别是注意中西方文化差
9、异,巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程,节省珍贵的时间。(2020天津高考)Jones was21 when she said that she didnt actually 22.mind being cheated.B. shockedA. ashamedC. excitedD. amused【答案】B【解析】ashamed“羞愧的;shocked“震惊的”;excited“兴奋的”;amused逗乐的;觉得好笑的”。根 据常识可知,一个人被骗了很多钱,她一定会很生气。然而,这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以Jones(琼斯) 很震惊。应选:Bo【题型剖析】A(2021 全国高考真题)Si
10、mply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 1 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 2- of gratitude(感谢).My thoughts were soon 3, We had a woman patient w
11、ho was 4 from a knee replacementoperation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed she collapsed6到下)from what was 6 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 7 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 8,and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks
12、.She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 10 at her recovery. As she was 1J she was eager to sayto each of us in the nursing team. When she 13 one nurse, she tried to press afive-pound note into her hand. My colleague 14 t
13、o accept it, saying that we were all justour job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 16:Oh this isnt for the 17 Ihad. I take that as a 18. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.And there you have it. To many people,19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an20and should be rewarded.1. A
14、. cleanerB. chemistC. nurseD , doctor2. A. gradesB. meaningsC. needsD. expectations3. A. brushed asideB , put to the testC. brought under discussion D. taken into account4. A. departingB , escapingC. retiringD. recovering5. A. attemptingB. choosingC. pausingD. promising6. A. eventuallyB , fortunatel
15、yC. casuallyD. secretly7. A. assessingB. requiringC. formingD. proving8. A. slightlyB accidentallyC. slowlyD. happily9. A. gratefulB thoughtfulC. sorrowfulD. fearful10. A. surpriseB . delightC. curiosityD. disappointment11. A. operatingB thinkingC. hesitatingD. leaving12. A. sorryB. helloC. goodbyeD
16、. yes13. A. reachedB. consultedC. introducedD. persuaded14. A.wishedB.pretendedC. failedD. refused15. A.enjoyingB.doingC. securingD. starting16. A.repeatedB.recitedC. repliedD. reported17. A.courageB.patienceC. dutyD. care18. A.goalB.givenC. pushD. greeting19. A.riskingB.changingC. savingD. building
17、20. A.honourB.abilityC. openingD. extra【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例,表达了我们应 该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。1. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A.cleaner清洁工;B. chemist 化学家,药剂师;C. nurse 护士; D. doctor 医生。根据下文的as she was B she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.” 可知,当时作者是
18、一名护士。应选 C。2. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语, 那会容易得多。A. grades分数,级别,程度;B. meanings意思;C.needs需求;D. expectations期待。根 据上文的simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations”可知,作者认为如果有表达不同 程度感谢的词,那么感谢就容易得多了。应选A。3. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开;B. put to the
19、test经受考验,接受 的考验;C brought under discussion在讨论中;D.taken into account考虑。结合下 文讲述女病人对护士们的所为,可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。应选B。4. D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发, 离开;B. escaping逃跑;C.retiring退休;D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知, 病人正在恢复中。应选D。5. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting
20、试图,尝试;B. choosing选择;C. pausing暂停;D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人, 可推知她尝试着自己上床。应选A。6. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时 她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually 最后;B. fortunately幸运地;C.casually随意地;D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而 住院,由此可知,此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。应选A。7.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次摔倒是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing 评估;B.
21、 requiring 需要;C. forming 形成;D. proving 证明。根据the collapse was disastrous”可知,要想把 病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。应选B。8. C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:虽然很慢,但她恢复了,四周后就可以出院了。A.slightly轻微 地;B. Accidentally 意外地;C. slowly 缓慢地;D. happily 幸福地。根据上文的the collapse was disastrous” 可知,要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。应选C。9. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的
22、一切都非常感激。A. grateful 感激的;B. thoughtful体贴的;C.sorrowful伤心的,悲伤的;D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和 大家一一道别,推知她对大家的付出表示感激。应选A。10. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在她出院那天,我们提供了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜;B. delight喜悦;C. curiosity好奇心;D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知,此处是指分 享她康复的喜悦。应选B。11. D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再
23、见。 A. operating 手术;B. thinking 思考;C. hesitating 犹豫;D. leaving 离开。根据上文的on her day of discharge 可知,女病人要出院了,所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。应选D。12. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。 A. sorry抱歉;B.hello你好;C.goodbye再见;D.yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知,女 病人要出院了,由此推知她对护理团队的人告别,say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语
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