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1、1 去度假 go on vacation3、去爬山 go to the mountains5、参观博物馆 visit museums7、相当多 quite a few9、出去 go out人教版八年级上英语各单元重难点归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语2、待在家里stay at home4、去海滩 go to the beach6、去参加夏令营go to summer camp8、为测验而学习study for tests10 大局部时间 most of the time11 玩得高兴 have a good time doing=have f
2、un doing =enjoy oneself12、 当然 of course=sure =certainly 13、 去购物 go shopping18、喝茶 drink tea20、重要的事 something important22、出来 come up24、跟别人出去 go out with others14、在过去 in the past16、一碗a/one bowl of.15、四处走走 walk around17 第二天 the next day19、照相 take photos21、 上上下下 up and down23、 出版发行come out25、雨下得大rain har
3、d26 为某人买某物 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.27、尝起来/看起来/听起来/闻起来不错taste / look/sound/smell good.28、尝试做某事/尽力去做某事try doing sth./try t。do sth.29、忘记做过某事/忘记去做某事forget doing sth./ forget to do sth.核心知识1、Did you go with anyone?你和别人一起去的吗?这是一个一般疑问句,询问的是发生在过去的事情。由助动词提问,回答也用助动词dido anyone是不定代词,意为“任何人,相当于anybody,常用
4、于否认句或疑问句中,代替someone/somebody0Is anyone here?有人在吗?寸 He told her not to tell anyone.他告诉她不要告诉任何人。2、一般过去时的构成3、如何判定一般过去时情况构成方法例词一般情况加edwash 玲 washedhelp 玲 helped以不发音的字母e结尾加hope玲hopedlike 玲 liked以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i,再加edcarry-carriedstudy 玲 studied结尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母,再加edstop 玲 stoppedplan 玲 planned(1)通过
5、句子中是否有表示过去的时间状语来判定。 介词+表示过去时间的年、月、日,如in 1983等。 yesterday 以及由 yesterday 构成的短语: yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday0 带有 ago 的短语, 如 three days ago, five years agoo(4)last 构成的短语,如 last week/year/month 等。 表示过去的词或短语,如once, at that time, just now等。(2)假设找不到明显的时间状语,那么通过上下文判断。Where d
6、id you go?你去哪儿了?I went to Beijing.我去北京了。(3)两个或两个以上动词用and连接时,假设前一个动词为过去式,后面的动词 也要用其过去式。方 | turned on the TV, sat down and watched the program.我翻开了电视,坐下来看节目。4、肯定句如何变为否认句(1)含有系动词was, were玲直接在其后加not。(2)含有情态动词could等时玲直接在其后加note(3)含有实义动词玲在该动词前加did not/didrft,并且该动词变为原形。5、陈述句如何变一般疑问句和特殊疑问句(1)假设句中有be动词或情态动词,
7、那么把它们移到句首。(2)假设句中是行为动词,那么在句首加Did,谓语动词改为原形。(3)特殊疑问句那么需在一般疑问句基础上加上特殊疑问词。(二)不定代词的用法不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。在本单元中,主要出现的不定代词为由some, any, no, every构成的复合 不定代词,因此主要详细讲解这一局部不定代词的用法,在这些复合不定代词中, 除no one以外,其他都要写成一个词。1、复合不定代词有:something 某物物anything任何事物nothing 无物everything 每件事人somebodysomeone某人anybodyanyone任何人no
8、bodyno one没有人everybodyeveryone每人【注意】由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称 单数形式。2、复合不定代词的定语(1)形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词时,要位于不定代词或不定副词之后,作 后置定语。k Last night, I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home.昨晚在我家附近,我看见一个陌生人躺在地上。Many people like to go somewhere interesting to have a vacation.许多人喜欢去有趣
9、的地方度假。(2)复合不定代词与动词不定式连用,不定式作后置定语。寸 Havent you got anything to do?你无事可干吗?3、复合不定代词的属格(1)含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有,s属格形式。寸 Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情没人管。Is this anybodys seat?这儿有人坐吗?(2)含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时,s属格应加在else之后。寸Can you remember someone elses name?你还记得其他人的姓名吗?(3)含-thing等指事物
10、的复合不定代词没有,s属格形式。4、复合不定代词的数复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们 充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。寸 Is everyone here today?今天,大家都到齐了吗?寸 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。5、复合不定代词的否认(1) not every-表示的是局部否认,意为”并非都,不都”。方 Not everything will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。方 The teacher didnt call everyo
11、nes name.老师并没有点所有人的名字。(2) not any-和no-均表示全否认。He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到。=He listened, but didnt hear anything.k You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you?你没给谁打过 ,是吗?=You have called no one/nobody up, have you?Unit 2 How often do you exercise?重点短语.帮助做家务帮助做家务help with housework1 .
12、 在周末 on weekends=on the weekend.几乎从不hardly ever4,每周一次 once a week.有空 be free =be available5 . 去看电影 go to the movies.在网上 on the Internet6 .摇摆舞 swing dance.打网球 play tennis7 .熬夜;睡得很晚stay up late.至少 /最多 at least/at most8 .上舞蹈课和钢琴课 have/take dance and piano lessons.早点睡觉go to bed early9 . 做运动 play sports=
13、do sports.去野营 go camping10 . 一点儿也不not.at all.在某人的业余时间in ones free time11 .问题的答案 the answers to the questions.去看牙医 go to the dentist12 .多于;超过/少于 more than / less than.和某人一起度过时光spend time with sb.13 .向某人询问某事ask sb. about sth.14 .通过做某事by doing sth.15 .做某事的最好方式the best way to do sth.16 .怎么回事? How come?1
14、7 怎么样? How about doing?=What about doing核心知识1、What do you usually do on weekends?你周末通常做什么?on weekends在周末,泛指每个周末,而on the weekend那么表示“在周末,在这 个周末,特指某个周末。kI have piano lessons on weekends. 我周末上钢琴课。(泛指周末)| will go shopping on the weekend.周末我要去购物。(特指本周末)注意:表示在周末时,英式英语中用at: at weekends/at the weekend;美式英语中
15、用 on: on weekends/on the weekendo表示“在工作日”用on weekdayso2、help with housework 帮助做家务(1) help with sth意为”帮助做某事”。卉 My little brother often helps with housework at home.我弟弟经常在家帮助做 家务。help sb with sth = help sb to do sth意为n帮助某人做某事”。_ I often help him with his English. = I often help him (to) learn English.
16、我经常帮 他学习英语。help oneself (to sth)意为随便吃/喝(某物);款待”。_ Help yourself to some fruit.随便吃些水果。(Dcant/couldnt help doing sth 意为情不自禁做某事oShe couldnt help crying.她忍不住哭了。【知识拓展】(2) housework为不可数名词,意为家务劳动;家务活,常用短语为:do housework,意为做家务。寸The boy doesnt like doing housework.这个男孩不喜欢做家务。3、sometimes 有时sometimes频度副词,意为有时。同
17、义短语为at timeso k I sometimes play computer games.我有时候玩电脑游戏【易混辨析】sometimes频度副词有时表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,它可位于句首、句中或句末,对它提问用how oftenosome times名词短语几次;几倍其中time是可数名词,对它提问用how many timesosometime副词某个时候表不某个不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它提问用whenosome time名词短语一段时间表示“ 一段时间”,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how longo寸 Sometimes I ge
18、t up very late.有时我起床很晚。g I have read the story some times.这个故事我读了好几遍。寸 I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.下周的某个时间我要去上海。寻 Ill stay here for some time.我将在这儿待一段时间。4、hardly ever几乎从不hardly ever相当于hardly, ever起强调作用。其中hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不/没有,它本身具有否认意义,不能再与其他否认词连用。寸She hardly ever eats anything,她几乎什么都没吃。
19、 gTheres hardly any food Ie代.几乎没有剩下食物。【易混辨析】hardly与hard5、every day 每天用法例句hardly副词,意为几乎不He hardly works他几乎不工作。hard用作副词,意为“努力地”;用作形 容词,意为硬的;困难的。He works hard.他工作努力。There were some hard questions on the exam paper.试卷中有些难题。k I like you more and more every day.我一天比一天更加喜欢你了。宣 He exercises every day.他每天锻炼。
20、易混辨析】 every day与everyday6、once a week 每周一次用法例句every day副词短语,作状语,意为“每天”,相当于each day。He reads newspapers every day. 他每天者B看报。everyday形容词,作定语,意为日常 的”,相当于daily。The Internet has become part of our everyday life.互联网已成为我们日常生活的一局部。(1) once用作副词,表示次数,意为“一次。次数的表达如下:次数的表达once一次twice两次three times三次many times很屡次(2
21、) once也可意为“曾经”。k He once lived in America.他曾在美国生活过。【知识拓展】once的固定搭配:at once 立即, 马上once again 再一次 once in a while 偶尔王也【知识拓展】How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?本句是含有特殊疑问词组how often的特殊疑问句。how often多久一次,用 于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回容许该是频度副词或表示频率的词组,如 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, hardly, ever every day,
22、once a week, three times a day 等。kHow often do you go to the movies?你多久去看一次电影?Once a week. 一周一次。【易混辨析】特殊疑问句中与how相关的疑问词组用法词组词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多长for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often,twice a week 等how soon过多久以后询问时间多久(用于一般将来时)in +一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes, walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how
23、much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+of+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+货币单位. next week is quite full for me我下周相当忙 full形容词,此处意为“忙的,其同义词是busy,反义词是free。寸 Her life is so full that she doesnt have time for hobbies.她的生活太忙了,以至于她没有时间培养业余爱好。【知识拓展】(1) full用作形容词,还可意为满的;充满的“,其反义词是empty (空的)。 常用短语:be full of意为充满;装满。m The classroom is full o
24、f students.教室里满是学生。方 He could only nod because his mouth was full.他只能点点头,因为他嘴里塞满了东西。(2) full用作形容词,还可意为“饱的“,其反义词是hungry (饥饿的)。寸 I cant eat any more. I am quite full.我不能再吃了,我相当饱了。8 Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends.噢,我得跟我的朋友打网球。have to意为不得不,必须,其后接动词原形,进行各种句式转换时需借助于 助动词。寻 I have to do my homewo
25、rk now.我现在不得不做家庭作业。寸 We dont have to go to school on Sundays.星期天我们不必上学。【易混辨析】have to与musthave to不得不,必须,侧重客观需求有人称、数和时态的变化must必须,侧重于主观上自己认为有义务、有必要没有人称和数的变化寸 Does your mother have to get up early?你妈妈不得不早起吗?甘 I must go now.现在我必须走了。9、maybe adv.大概;或许;可能maybe为副词,意为”大概;或许;可能”。表示推测,一般位于句首。寸 Maybe these nutri
26、ents are helpful to your health.或许这些营养品对你的健康有帮助。甘 Maybe he knows the way to the zoo.也许他知道去动物园的路。【易混辨析】maybe与may be10、She says its good for my health.她说它(牛奶)对我的健康有好处。用法例句maybe副词,意思是”也许,可能”,在 句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常位 于句首。Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better.可能天气会变得好一些。Maybe you are right and she may b
27、e a little late.或许你说得对,她可能有点晚了。may bemay是情态动词,be是动词原形, 两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语 形成系表结构,意为”也许是;可能是“。Maybe hes wrong.=He may be wrong.或许他错了。He may be in the office.二Maybe he is in the office.他或许在办公室。(1) be good for意为对.有益”,后可跟名词、代词或动名词。其反义短 语be bad for意为对有害。寸 Eating vegetables is good for your health, 吃蔬菜对你的健康有
28、益。【易混辨析】 be good for, be good at, be good with 与 be good to(2) health不可数名词,意为健康,常用于短语be/stay/keep in good health, 意为“保持健康,相当于be/stay/keep healthyobe good for意为对有益”Doing morning exercise is good for you.做早操对你有益处。be good at意为擅长,后接名词、代词或动名词Im good at playing basketball.我擅长打篮球。be good with意为”善于应对”He is
29、good with children.他管理孩子有一套。be good to意为对友好”She is always good to me.她总是对我很友好。守 Fresh air and exercise are good for our health.新鲜空气和运动对我们的健康有益。F知识拓展】health的形容词形式是healthy,意为“健康的“ ;healthy的副词形式healthily,意为健康地。寻To keep healthy, you should eat healthily,为了保持健康,你应该吃得健康。11、Although many students like to w
30、atch sports, game shows are the most popular.尽管很多学生喜欢看运动类节目,但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although用作连词,意为虽然;尽管”,相当于though,用来引导让步状语从 句。甘 Although my grandpa is old, he looks very strong and healthy.虽然我的爷爷老了,但他看上去很健壮。Although it rained, the boys still played outside.尽管下雨了,但是那些男孩仍在 外面玩耍。 =lt rained, but the boys still
31、played outside.注意:在英语的表达习惯中,当表示虽然,但是”时,although/though 不和but在同一个句子中使用(即二者只能取其一)。但可以和yet连用。寸 Although he was tired, he didn/t stop to have a rest.=He was tired, but he didn/t stop to have a rest.尽管他累了,但他没有停下来去休息。12、Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and f
32、amily as you play together.比方进行体育活动这样的锻炼是有趣的,当你们一起运动时你可以和朋友、家人一起度过时光。(1)such as意为例如;像.一样“,多用来列举同类人或事物中的几个。方 There are many big cities in China, such as Beijing and Shanghai.中国有许多大城市,比方北京和上海。(2) spend及物动词,在此意为度过”,还可表示花费(时间、金钱等) k Come and spend the weekend with us.来和我们一起过周末吧。【易混辨析】13、Jane is a 16-yea
33、r-old high school student in the United States. (P. 15)spend花费(时间、金钱等)主语是人常用结构为 spend.on sth 和 spend.doing sthcost价格为;需支付主语多为物常用句型为 Sth cost(s) sb some money.take花费(时间)it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式常用句型为 It takes/took sb some time to do sth.pay支付(钱)主语是人常用结构为pay. for sth16-year-old意为 16岁的,其中的名词用单数形式,在句中作定语,16
34、years old表示“16岁,在句中作表语。Li Bo is a seven-year old boy.=Li Bo is seven years old.14、However, she has some bad habits, too.然而,她也有一些坏习惯。however此处用作副词,意为然而;不过,可位于句首、句中或句末。注意:一般情况下,当however位于句首时,其后加逗号;位于句末时,其前加 逗号;位于句中时,其前后都加逗号。方 She was ill. However, she still went to work.她病了,然而她依然去上班。【易混辨析】15、15、percen
35、t n.百分之howeverbut”然而;不过”,作副词不能直接连接两个分句,须另起一新句,用逗号隔开,表示一 种补充关系。”但是“,作连词可连接前后两个分句,表k种转折关系(1) percent单复数同形。与数词连用时,数词应置于percent之前。【易混辨析】anyone和any oneanyoneanyone只指人,不指物,且后面不接of短语any one一言辨异既可指人,又可指物,表示“任何一个”,后面可接of短语。Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs.我们班上任何人都知道这
36、些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。【注意】anyone作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。才Is anyone watching thefootball match?有人看足球比赛吗?2、We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍 了不少照片。(2) take photos 意为拍照;照相,take a photo/photos of sb/sth 意为给某 人/某物拍照”。bWe took many photos on the Great Wall.我们在长城上拍了很多照片。(3) quite a few意为相当多;不少,修饰可数名词复数,quiteaf
37、ew多用于 口语中,相当于many,其后的谓语动词用复数。gQuite a few students go to school by bike.相当多的学生骑自行车上学。【易混辨析】quite a few与quite a littlequite a fewquite a few意为”相当多,不少 O修饰可数名词复数He will stay here for quite a few days.他会在这儿待不少天。quite a little意为”许多,相当多” 修饰不可数名词。There is quite a little water in the cup.杯子里有很多水。3、most of t
38、he time大局部时间most of the time意为大局部时间,其中most为代词,意为大多数;几 乎所有ob Its noisy here most of the time.这儿大局部时间都很喧闹。【知识拓展】(1) most of.意为中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取 决于most of后的名词或者代词。Most of us are going to the park.我们大多数人要去公园。寸Most of the food goes bad.大局部的食物都变质了。(2) most用作形容词,意为大多数的;大局部的o寸 Most children like play
39、ing football very much.大局部的孩子都非常喜欢踢足球。twenty percent 百分之二十(2) percent of后接名词作主语时,of后的名词如果为不可数名词或单数可数名 词,谓语动词用单数形式;假设为可数名词复数形式,那么谓语动词用复数形式。寸 65 percent of the children play computer games.百分之六十五的孩子玩电脑游戏。16、 It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to
40、 relaxis through exercise.通过使用网络或观看游戏类节目放松是好的,但我们 认为通过锻炼的方式放松是最好的。(1)本句是由but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句中,It是形式主语,真正的主 语是动词不定式短语to relaxby using the Internet or watching game shows0 该句型结构为 It s + adj. (+for sb.) to do sth.寸 It is easy for me to play ping-pong.打乒乓球对我来说是容易的。(2) by为介词,意为“通过;靠”,此处表示方法、手段,后接名词、代词或 动词的
41、-ing形式。寸 He has to do all the work by hand.所有的工作他都要靠手工完成。寸 You can practice soccer by joining a sports club.你可以通过加入一个运动俱乐部来练习足球。【知识拓展】(1) by+交通工具(by后不加冠词),意为乘/驾/oI go to work by bike every day,我每天骑自行车上班。(2) by+时间,意为到时(为止);在以前”,by now到目前为止。寸 I must go to bed by ten oclock.我必须在10点之前上床睡觉。寸 You should k
42、now the truth by now.现在你应该知道真相了。(3) by+地点,意为在旁边oWe live by the sea.我们住在海边。17、through prep.以,凭借,穿过寸 Go straight through that door under the EXIT sign.直着穿过那道上方有平安出口 ”字样的门。【易混辨析】through与across18、mind n.头脑;心智through用法例句”穿过”,表示从中通过,着重指从 内部空间的一头纵穿到另一头。The burglar came in through the window.盗贼是从窗户进来的。acros
43、s”穿过”,表示从一个物体外表的一边到另一边。We walked across the bridge.我们从桥上走过。等 He is ninety years old, but his mind is sharp.他虽然 90 岁了,但头脑很灵活。(1) mind 作名词,可构成短语:change ones mind 改变主意;make up ones mind 下决心。歹 I think nothing can change his mind.我认为没什么可以改变他的主意。(2) mind用作动词,意为介意o常用句型Would you mind (ones) doingSth.?意为你介意(
44、某人)做某事吗? OWould you mind (my) opening the door?你介意(我)翻开门吗?19、diev.消失;灭亡;死亡寸 His grandfather died last winter.去年冬天他祖父去世了。【易混辨析】die of与die from用法例句die of表示死于n ,多用于内因Many people die of cancer.很多人死于癌症。die from表示死于丁多用于外因Toms uncle died from an earthquake.汤姆的叔叔死于一场地震。k The tree has been dead for a month.这
45、棵树死了一个月 了。寸 The death of his pet cat made him very sad.他的宠物猫的死让他很伤心。语法详解一、how often引导的特殊疑问句. how often意为多久(一次)”,它引导的特殊疑问句用来询问某动作发生的频 率。how often通常是对一些表示频率的副词提问,如:always, usually, often, sometimes, never等,也可以对表示多久几次之类的频率短语提问,如once a week, twice a year, three times a day 等。b How often do you go back home?你多久回家一次?Once a week/Often/Sometimes. 一周一次/经常/有时。1 .特别提示:假设仅对像once, twice, three times这样只表示次数的词语提问, 要用 how many times 多少次,不用 how often o寸How many times have you been to Beijing?你去过北京多少次?Only once.仅仅一次。2 .注意how often与其他短语的区别how long主要用来提问动作延续了多长时间,答语通常含有” for + 一段 时间、since
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