第一题阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）-2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练（通用版）.docx

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1、第一题阅读理解之说明文考情考新阅读理解中每年都涉及到说明文的考查，是必考问题之一。阅读理解说明文，是对事物或 事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或说明事例，到达教 人以知识的目的。以2021年高考英语全国卷为例。话题考点分布命题趋势全国甲卷B篇文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保 护区的局部黑犀牛现状。细节理解题2推理判断题2从命题形式上来 看，说明文阅读常考 主旨大意题和猜义 题。说明文一般层次 清楚，结构清晰，逻 辑关系清晰。因此考 生在备考时要多加关 注，勤加练习。全国乙卷B篇文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定 的情况，并且表达了固定 是非必需品的观点。推理

2、判断题2主旨大意题1词句猜想题1全国I卷D篇文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关 于情商未来研究的期望。细节理解题1推理判断题3例题 （2021年全国乙卷）When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline （座机）?C. 7% of vegetable crops lost their chances to survive.D. A limited variety of vegetables are available to p

3、eople.14. What does the underlined word “cultivated” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Sold.B. Planted.C. Displayed. D. Promoted.15. What can be learned from the example of the Mayan spinach?A. Climate change is a great threat to humans.B. Soil degradation affects vegetable diversity.C. Commercial vegetables a

4、re highly profitable.D. Many traditional vegetables have great values to us.16. What is the authors attitude towards the future of traditional vegetables?A. Hopeful.B. Doubtful.C. Indifferent.D. Pessimistic.五、阅读理解05阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。It is something one half of the population has long

5、 suspected and the other half always vocally denied- women really do talk more than men. In fact, women talk almost three times as much as men, with the average woman chalking up 20,000 words in a day - 13,000 more than the average man.Women also speak more quickly, devote more brainpower to chit-ch

6、at, and actually enjoy hearing their own voices, a new book suggests. The book - written by a female psychiatrist, Dr. Luan Brizendine - says that inherent （生来就有的）differences between the male and female brain explain why women are naturally more talkative than men.In The Female Mind. Brizendine says

7、 the differences can be traced back to the womb （子宫），where the sex hormone （激素）called testosterone moulds the developing male brain. The areas responsible for communication, emotion and memory are all reduced before a baby boy is bom.The result is that boys - and men - chat less than their female pe

8、ers and struggle to express their emotions to the same extent. Women have an eight-lane superhighway for processing emotion, while men have a small countty road J said Brizendine.There are, however, advantages of being the strong, silent type. Brizendine explains in her book that testosterone also r

9、educes the size of the section of the brain involved in hearing - allowing men to become deaf to the most logical arguments put forward by their wives and girlfriends.Other scientists, however, say many of the differences between the male and female personality can be explained by social conditionin

10、g, with a childs upbringing greatly influencing their character.Deborah Cameron, an Oxford University linguistics professor with a special interest in language and gender, said the amount we talk is influenced by who we are with and what we are doing. If you look through a large number of studies yo

11、u will find there is little difference between the amount men and women talk J she added.17. Which claim does the book The Female Mind probably support?A. Women enjoy arguing.B. Women are bom talkative.C. Women are great public speakers.D. Women take pride in their talents.18. Which is closest in me

12、aning to the underlined word “moulds in Paragraph 3?A. Influences. B. Stimulates. C. Enlarges.D. Harms.19. How are men affected by testosterone according to Dr. Brizendine?A. They have a small size of brain.B. They are not so logical in talking.C. They are usually less communicative.D. They are unwi

13、lling to listen to females.20. What message does Cameron carry in the last paragraph?A. Further studies need to be carried out.B. Gender seldom affects ones talking style.C. The amount we talk shapes our character.D. Men talk as much as women on the whole.六、阅读理解06阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Ch

14、arles Darwin once said “A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life, If you live one hundred years, that is only equal to twelve-hundred months-and when you break it down even further into days, hours and minutes, it gets more frightening. Why is this relevant? Wel

15、l, quite simply put: life is short. Spending eight hours every day in a sleep means youre losing a third of your life to bed. So, the question is: is eight hours the exact amount we need, or is it just a myth?While most scientists agree that between seven and nine hours a night is the optimal amount

16、, this is just a rough estimate. In truth, its a little more complicated than that. It seems that the amount of sleep you need depends upon your age-with infants needing much more than adults. What does seem apparent is that around seven and a half hours5 sleep is a good amount. In a study conducted

17、 at the University of Surrey Sleep Research Centre, the effects of sleep were monitored.One group slept for six and a half and the other for seven and a half hours per night. While some findings were predictable-irritation and lower concentration in the group who slept less, there were some more sur

18、prising findings. The genes of people who had less sleep were affected. Genes associated with inflammation （炎症），the immune system and stress response became more active. The team also observed increases in the activity of genes related to diabetes （糖尿病）and risk of cancer.One of the biggest issues is

19、 that myths regarding sleep are constantly perpetuated. For example, have you ever heard that you can train yourself to need less or no sleep? Its simply not true. We will always need a certain amount of sleep-eight hours might not be the exact sweet spot, and there are factors like age to take into

20、 consideration, but one thing is true-there is a certain amount we do actually need.21. What does the Charles Darwin quote mean?A. Spend an hour sleeping is important.B. Sleeping is valuable and should be valued.C. Life is short and dont waste any time.D. Eight hours is the right amount of time spen

21、t in sleeping.22. What is one the factors in considering how much sleep you need?A. The gene. B. The Age.C. The gender. D. The pattern.23. According to the findings, those who sleep less will.A. focus on things more attentivelyB. lose weight easilyC. deal with stress activelyD. suffer diseases easil

22、yWhat does the underlined word “perpetuated“ in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Preserved. B. Challenged. C. Refused.D. Resisted.七、阅读理解07阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day （Longtaitou） is one of them. This speci

23、al day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar （阴历）.It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day falls on March 4th.The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the descendants （传人）of the dragon. Therefore, people ce

24、lebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs about dragons.On the day in ancient times, people put ashes （灰）in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn.Also, people eat special foods

25、 on that day. The foods are usually named after dragons. For example, people eat dragon whisker （细须）“noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”.Today, many customs have fhded away. But one that has remained is the cutting of hair. It was said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring ba

26、d luck to the mothers brothers. So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day.24. Why is the dragon deeply rooted （扎根）in Chinese culture?A. Chinese people think the dragon is a symbol of power.B. Chinese people see the dragon as a symbol of good luck.C. Chinese people think the d

27、ragon stands fbr the start of spring and farming.D. Chinese people consider themselves the descendants of the dragon.25. The underlined word in the last paragraph means.A. disappear graduallyB. become strongerC , run awayD. die offOn the day in ancient times, why did people put ashes in the kitchen?

28、A. Because the dragon liked the ashes.B. Because the ashes led the dragon into the house.C. Because the ashes brought a good harvest.D. Because the ashes could bring good luck.26. Which custom has been kept according to the passage?A. Putting ashes in the kitchen.B. Eating dragon whisker noodles and

29、 dumplings.C. Cutting hair.D. Eating special foods.八、阅读理解08阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。AWherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage is passed down through the generations. It is in the buildings and structures around us. It is in the arts and artifacts (手工

30、艺品)we treasure. It lives in the languages we speak and the stories we tell. But today, it is under attack as never before. Not only are the damages of time threatening our cultural heritage, but conflicts, climate change, globalization and tourism are all exacting a heavy price. Technology is now th

31、e most essential weapon in the battle. Here*s how technology is preserving our cultural heritage.As you can imagine, creating the replicas (复制品)via crowd sourced 2D images is extremely time-consuming. Increasingly, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (算法)are being used to do all the required sou

32、rcing, allowing millions of images to be stored in a matter of hours. AI will also make restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superior to previous methods.Virtual reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the co

33、ming years. Many of the most important sites and architecture are extremely fragile. Human interaction with these locations is doing a great deal of harm. Wastes accumulate everywhere, causing enormous problems. As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded, VR techno

34、logy will increasingly become the way that people experience them. Well all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes.Finally, our cultural heritage will be preserved via technology. Efforts in research, inno

35、vation, data sharing and project work will help promote and preserve the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.27. What does the underlined word “exacting in paragraph 1 mean?A. Paying.B. Cutting.C. Receiving.D. Demanding.28. What is the advantage of Al in preserving cultural heritage?

36、A. It generates 2D images.B. It makes restoration easier.C , It makes preservation safer.D. It creates replicas in seconds.29. How does VR help to preserve cultural heritage?A. By recycling huge amounts of waste.B. By reducing human impact on the site.C. By forbidding visitors from touching artifact

37、s.D. By educating people about the sites* importance.30. Which of the following can be the best title fbr the text?A. How Technology Changes ArtB. What Cultural Heritage Means to UsC. Preserve the Ancient with the AdvancedD. Prepare fbr a Revolution in Technology令关注有礼C令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令

38、海量教育资源一触即达 令新鲜活动资讯即时上线These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landl

39、ine phone at home and onlyjust over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones according to a survey (调查).Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary and they,re keeping it as a security blanket _ 19 percent say they never use it while a further

40、13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)一 only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby

41、Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number fbr 50 years. Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every fam

42、ily member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).How attached are you to your landline? How long until t

43、hey go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Their complex design.25. What does the underlined word “concede“ in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argu

44、e.C. Remember.D. Remark.26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers9 identity.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family nec

45、essity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定 的情况，并且表达了固定 是非必 需品的观点。24 .主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn

46、t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.（现在你很难在澳大利亚找至lj 15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上， 很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听 厂可推知，本段主要说明手机 在澳大利亚广受欢迎。应选B项。25 .词句猜想题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a l

47、andline （在那些仍然有固定 的 澳大利亚人中）“可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定 的澳大利亚人;根据下文“ifs not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies （固定 并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种平安保障 19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定 ，另有13%的人保存固定 以防紧急情况）”可知，很多人认为固定 并不是必须拥有的

48、，有些人保 留固定 只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是成认了固定 的非必要性。由此 推知，划线单词“concede”意为“成认: 应选A项。26 .推理判断题。根据文章第四段84 percent of Baby Boomers whoVe perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.（婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了）”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents （也就是说， 老实说， 唯打过我们 家 的人是婴儿潮一代的父母）“可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定 。应选C项。27 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?（你