宾语从句,直接引语和间接引语.docx
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1、宾语从句1 .宾语从句的概念:在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子,或者说句子作宾语。2 .位置:动宾,介宾.句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句宾语从句的引导词:一、当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否认句),连词由that引导,因为 that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体 中常省略。例: 1. Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.2. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词,如sorry,
2、sure, afraid, glad作表语时(be+a.看作是一个动词词组),后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。胡!j: 1. V m sorry (that) I don t know .2We re sure (that) our team will win .注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if), if/whether 虽然 不作成分,但是译为:“是否”,所以不能省略。例:1.Lily wanted to know (if /whether) her grandma liked th
3、e handbag .2Let s see (if /whether) we can find out some information about that city .注:1.当句中有or或者or not时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2 .在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.3 .在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose)或连接副 词(when, where, why, how, how many, how old, how long,)弓导,每
4、个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分,意思各不相同,所以不可以省略。例:1. Do you know what he said just now ?4 .1 don t remember when we arrived .3. Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .4. Do you know what time the plane leaves ?五、 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。例:1. Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?2. I don t know how far i
5、t is to the cinema .宾语从句的时态一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。二、如果主句是过去的某个时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去 时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)例:1.1 knew who lived here.2.1 saw she was talking with her mother.三、当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。例 : The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓
6、语+其他成分比照,加深印象:1. When will he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library . (J)His brother asks when will he go to the library . (X)2. What does he want to buy ?I don t know what he wants to buy . ( J)I don t know what does he want to buy .(X)考前须知:1. could / would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因
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