机械类毕业设计-尾座体加工工艺及夹具设计、液力传动变速箱设计与仿真设计.docx

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）尾座体加工工艺及夹具设计工艺规程设计毕业设计（论文）工序IX.铳削0 14的孔的端面工序X .镖0 28的孔工序XI.研配”17的孔工序刈.导轨配刮3.3. 3.工艺方案的比较分析上述两方案的特点在于：方案一是先加工孔，然后以此孔为基准加工其 它各处，而方案二是以导轨面为基准加工其它面，可以看出以先加工孔，以 孔作为定位基准加工时位置精度较易保证，并且定位装夹等都比较方便，但 是方案一中的一次装夹多道工序除了可以选用专用夹具设计的组合机床（但 在成批生产是在普通机床上能保证精度的情况下，应尽量不选用专用机床） 以外，只能选用多工位万能铳床加工。而目前万能铳床的加工精度还不能

2、加 工导轨面的精度要求，因此决定将方案二中的工序niinvvviviiviinxxxixn 移入方案一，由于铳削时不能很好地加工燕尾处的75的斜面，因此在导轨面和燕尾的加工都采用刨削。具体工艺过程如下：工序1 .粗铳削017H6的孔的两端面工序2.精铳削 17H6的孔的两端面工序3.钻017H6的孔工序4.扩017H6的孔工序5.惚1x45的倒角工序6.粗铳0 14的孔的端面工序7.半精铳”14的孔的端面 工序8.铳削M6的端面工序9.粗刨燕尾底面(3)Planet wheel gear and clutch:The four sets of planet rows wheel gears c

3、reation is five headway file and 1 to pour file.The planet wheel gear manipulate through six clutch that the liquid press a coalescence.All wheel gear for often the Nie match type.(4)Liquid dint gearbox:CBT and CLBT754 type become soon the box have liquid dint gearbox.Liquid dint gearbox top have a

4、take leafs slice of turn son and two take leafs slice of settle son to constitute.(5) Block and coalescence clutch:Empty block:one file clutch, 2 file clutches.Go forward file:one file and one file clutch, 2 files and 2 file clutches, 3 files and 3 file clutches, 4 files and 4 file clutches, 5 files

5、 and 5 file clutches.Pour file:5 file with one file clutch, 5 files with 2 file clutches.3 .The liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box a function characteristicsIn the equal work under the condition, with common become soon the box compare, usage the liquid dint spread to move to become soo

6、n a box can stanza oil 5% be 22%.And operation simple, usage convenience, function credibility.Launch machine and spread service life of move the system and launch the motive, economy of the machine and the safety function effect of the vehicle equipments to show Zhao very to the exaltation.The Alli

7、son liquid dint in the United States spread to move to become soon a box a which is 1 kind to be located on motive machine and work machine of take liquid as a work to lie the fluid of quality to spread to move a machine, and according to load power of variety to realization become soon.In the meant

8、ime, according to material of demand can allocation cent move a box brief name Christian Trinity box.Control part at will sex be strong, can constitution the machine control, electricity control, spirit control, the liquid control system and equip.Can according to need constitution to realization au

9、to become soon.Its adaptability is strong and also to have to lead to carry protection function etc.BE exactly because of this kind of many precious characteristics which spread to move part to have in spread moving function, make it get day by day extensive of application.And regardless it applicat

10、ion of a realm still its product sale, all increase with each passing day of trend, its development foreground very vast.4 .The liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box examination to experiment a set to developFor the exaltation liquid dint spread to move to become a fix of box speed soon, i

11、nsure to fix quality, we developped liquid dint to spread to move to become soon box examination experiment set etc. the work equip have.4.1 whole conceive outline a designOwing to drive examination the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box a control part at will sex be strong, as a result

12、 can constitution become electricity to control, the liquid control, spirit control or machine control.Its equipments1 turn to is main examination pressure, we acquired necessary material locally design total size is long 3. 65 m, breadth 0. 7 m, Gao 1. The liquid dint with 9 m spread to move to bec

13、ome soon a box examination to experiment Taiwan.Be suitable for to install examination Allison or ZF etc. various size, model number dissimilarity of the liquid dint spread to move to become soon a box.964.2 control systems and work principleIn the liquid dint spread to move to become a box an exami

14、nation soon experiment pedestal control plank operation on the stage constitution six big control system:power supply control system, SVF(change the Pin adjust soon) control the system, liquid press control system, ZF control system, Allison control system, load regulate system, gather electricity t

15、o control, the liquid control, spirit control, the machine control for the integral whole, examination the function be well-found, shape beauty, operation simple, try movement safety credibility. Power supply control system:the control change the Pin adjust soon a machine, electrical engineering, li

16、quid to press and the ZF, Allison etc. be each control the power supply need by system. SVF(change the Pin adjust soon) control system:main from SVF- 400 change the Pin adjust soon a machine to constitute, control 55 kW, The electrical engineering of 2950 r/ min turn soon, make the electrical engine

17、ering turn to can arbitrarily regulate soon in the provision turn soon the scope, the realization become soon box dissimilarity block a become of soon.Turned soon watch to is clear at a glance at any time a reflection the dissimilarity of the electrical engineering to turn soon.(3) Liquid press cont

18、rol system: is become soon box auto encourage, change oil system, can also seal completely inside examination clutch whether piece reveal or not.lt is pressed four valve, 4 KW electric motor, fuel tank, liquid of pump, 3 by the liquid to press pipelines etc. to constitute.Hydraulic-pneumatic plank T

19、op of oil pressure gauge clearly reflection block one hydraulic-pneumatic hydraulic-pneumatic with system. ZF control system:main become for the control ZF box soon block of conversion, design a set of procedure. Allison: The HT750 Allison in DR the United States become soon the box have 7 to block,

20、 namely D5, D4, D3, D2, DI, N, R.According to generator load the variety of the power realization become soon become of box soon. Load control system:main examination become soon box of output power, from power form, load control the cabinet, generator.etc. constitute. Spirit road and oil road contr

21、ol:spirit the road is soon main control to become the box shift gear organization, oil road control become soon box of performance organization, be also rub slice with make to move a combine of machine or separate.5 Conclusion:The Allison become soon the box be big to fix to solve in the process of

22、key problemThe well next three company HT750 DR the United States the Allison become soon the box pass disintegration check detection existence the following problem:(l)Note the oil pump drive a wheel gear dozen to drop, the metals end drop into become soon box oil bottom hull;l- 5 file clutches rub

23、 a slice to wear away;Shut the lock clutch rub a slice to wear away.We will cant repair of note oil pump, push bearings, lead bridge wheel gear and bearings, drive wheel gear and all rub slice, seal completely a piece and filter Xin to carry on replace, assemble each cent total become97 again constr

24、uction become become soon box.Put clean become soon box oil, tie up good the outside Lou oil way, use fix fix steady.Will become soon box total become install to arrive an examination experiment on the stage, press test the norm carry on adjusting to try and come to an index sign request.Make to mov

25、e a machine work normal, just like ring, reveal, success devotion fix well usage.(2) The well next two company fix Allison in DR the United States of the well machine HT750 to become soon box temperature to lead Gao, pressure lead low.At the disintegration install to fix well after fix on board, cha

26、nge the Ju machine leak oil till0 to launch the machine flywheel hull body, make to launch the machine flywheel hull oil to go up, the pressure go up and result in flywheel hull the oil seal leak oil.Because leak oil to several times dismantle to unload a check just Detection this set become soon ch

27、ange of box the Ju machine outer shell crack.Get on the car after re- weldingThe bed process good, break down can expel.(3) Fix the company CLT754 especially the United States the Allison become soon box disintegration check hour detection problem being more: Note an oil pump wheel gear loose bearin

28、gs in the Kuang damage;Two file pistons sell pillar to break Sun 1 ;Medium the seniority star wheel gear loose mineral ;Turn soon a form stalk head to wear away;Shut lock backboard and(rhombus) key wear away;The principal axis(take a wheel gear flower key) stalk head wear away;Take dint bearings, sh

29、ut a lock to rub a slice and each go forward file steel slice, rub slice, seal completely a piece damage.We replace medium seniority star total become etc. total become piece or accessories 91, processed repair to note an oil pump total become, principal axis, flywheel total become, shut lock backbo

30、ard, one file piston etc., expel break down, solved existence of problem.Construction adjust to try to complete, send produce to front install to fix well on board devotion fix well usage.(4) Welfs descending the two greatest brigades CLT754 the United States Allison to become soon a box speed is so

31、onlow, temperature Gao, shut lock clutch dozen slippery, rub slice and steel slice wear away.Pass to dismantle each file of check detection friction slice and steel slice, seal completely a piece and push dint bearings damage.We replaced to seal completely a piece big fix pack, each file rub slice a

32、nd steel slice, push bearings* etc. is 68, construction adjust to try to complete, install to fix well on board devotion fix well usage.附录B：美国Allison液力传动变速箱检测试验台研制与应用98摘要：文章分析了美国Allison变速箱结构、工作原理及性能特点，研制了液 力传动变速箱检测试验台，介绍了变速箱大修过程中解决的主要问题。关键词：Allison变速箱；检测试验台；研制；应用1引言随着社会经济的飞速发展，液力传动变速箱逐渐取代了机械式传动的普通 变

33、速箱。据调查，美国Allison等液力传动变速箱市场用量很大，但其价格昂贵、 结构复杂、修理技术含量高、故障判断难度大，而且还需要检测试验台带动运转， 检测液力传动变速箱的油压、转速、温度等，录取各种技术参数，判断排除故障。 而要购买一台检测设备需要投资200多万元。为了经济有效地提高液力传动变 速箱修理速度和质量，开拓大西北的修理市场，长庆石油勘探局第三采油技术服 务处机械维修站自行设计制造了 ZF、Allison液力传动变速箱检测试验台等工 装设备，并投入了液力传动变速箱修理使用中;开发了德国ZF、美国Allison液 力传动变速箱修理工艺技术，成功修理了 ZF、Allison变速箱，带负

34、荷检测试验 后安装到修井机上投入了修井使用。美国Allison液力传动变速箱检测试验台的研制，使修理后的液力传动变 速箱能够通过检测试验台带负荷检测试验，录取技术参数、判断排除故障，分析应 用效果等。要求研制的液力传动变速箱检测试验台及时准确地反映被检测液力传 动变速箱的各项技术参数，包括检测录取各种挡位油压、润滑油压、转速、扭 力、温度等技术参数，判断排除异响、泄露离合器、制动器、离合器打滑、回位 不及时等故障。为了使液力传动变速箱检测试验台设计合理，确保大修检测试验 后的液力传动变速箱工作平稳、性能稳定、安全可靠，我们首先研究了液力传动 变速箱的结构、性能及工作原理。2变速箱结构及工作原理

35、美国Allison变速箱主要由变矩器、闭锁离合器、行星齿轮和离合器、液力 变速器组成。（1）变矩器：由泵轮、涡轮、导轮组成一个循环圆系统，液体顺序通过循环 流动。泵轮由发动机驱动，是动力输入元件。泯轮由泵轮经过液力传动，是动力 输出元件。导轮的作用是导流，增大扭矩。变速器的供油泵不断向变矩器供油, 使变矩器工作，增加发动机的输出扭矩。通过变矩器排出的油带走变矩器的热 量。液体由泵轮流入涡轮改变方向。导轮将从涡轮流出的油经油道改变方向后再 流入泵轮，因此导轮受一反作用扭矩。涡轮与泵轮扭矩比为变矩比，随涡轮与泵轮 的转速比降低而增大，随输出转速的提高，变矩比降低。通过变矩器，输出转速可 无级变化，

36、驱动扭矩自动适应所需的负载扭矩。当涡轮转速达到泵轮转速的涡轮 扭矩等于泵轮扭矩，此时变矩器相当于一个偶合器。当车速升高，变矩比接近1 ,且牵引力不再增大时，闭锁离合器就自动闭锁。（2）闭锁离合器（CT型和CBT型除外）：当涡轮升高到一定转速时，液压力 自动把泵轮和涡轮锁住。在闭锁离合器的作用下，变速箱输入轴的转速和发动机 相同。（3）行星齿轮和离合器：四组行星排齿轮产生五个前进档和一个倒档。行星 齿轮通过六个液压接合的离合器操纵。全部齿轮为常啮合式。（4）液力变速器:CBT和CLBT754型的变速箱装有液力变速器。液力变速99 器上有一个带叶片的转子和两个带叶片的定子组成。（5）挡位和接合离合

37、器：空挡：1档离合器、2档离合器。前进档:1档和1档离合器、2档和2档离合器、3档和3档离合器、4档 和4档离合器、5档和5档离合器。倒档:5档和1档离合器、5档和2档离合器。3 .液力传动变速箱性能特点在同等工况下，与普通变速箱相比，使用液力传动变速箱可节油522 % o而且操作简单，使用方便，性能可靠。对提高发动机以及传动系统的使 用寿命、发动机的动力性、经济性和车辆设备的安全性能效果十分显著。美国 Allison液力传动变速箱是一种位于动力机与工作机之间的以液体为工作介质的 流体传动机械，并根据负载功率的变化来实现变速。同时，根据装备的需要可配置 分动箱简称三位一体箱子。控制部分随意性强

38、,可设置机控、电控、气控、液控 系统及装置。可按需求设置来实现自动变速。它本身适应性强，还具备了过载保 护性能等。正是由于这种传动部分在传动性能上具有的诸多宝贵特点，使之得到 了日益广泛的应用。而且无论其应用的领域还是其产品销售方面，都有与日俱增 的趋势，其发展前景颇为广阔。4 .液力传动变速箱检测试验台研制为提高液力传动变速箱的修理速度，确保修理质量，我们研制了液力传动变速 箱检测试验台等工装设备。4.1 整体构思设计鉴于被检测液力传动变速箱控制部分随意性强,因而可设置成电控、液控、 气控或机械控制。该设备主要检测压力，我们就地取材设计了总体尺寸为长3. 65m、宽0. 7 m、高1. 9

39、m的液力传动变速箱检测试验台。适于安装检测Allison或 ZF等各种大小、型号不同的液力传动变速箱。5 . 2控制系统及工作原理在液力传动变速箱检测试验台控制板操作台上设置了六大控制系统:电源控 制系统、SVF （变频调速）控制系统、液压控制系统、ZF控制系统、Allison控 制系统、负载调节系统，集电控、液控、气控、机控为一体，检测功能齐全、外形 美观、操作简便，试运行安全可靠。电源控制系统:控制变频调速器、电机、液压、ZF、Allison等各控制系统 所需的电源。SVF（变频调速）控制系统:主要由SVF - 4。0变频调速器组成，控制55 kW、 2950 r/ min的电机转速，使电

40、机在规定转速范围内转速可以任意调节，实现变速箱 不同挡位的变速。转速表一目了然随时反映了电机的不同转速。液压控制系统:是变速箱自动加油、换油系统,也可检测离合器内密封件是 否泄露。由液压泵、三位四通阀、4KW电动机、油箱、液压管线等组成。油压 板上的油压表清晰地反映了挡位油压和系统油压。ZF控制系统:主要为控制ZF变速箱挡位的转换，设计了一套程序。Allison控制系统:HT750DR美国Allison变速箱有七个挡位，即D5、D4、D3、D2、DI、N、R。根据发电机负载功率的变化实现变速箱的变速。负载控制系统:主要检测变速箱的输出功率，由功率表、负载控制柜、发电 机等组成。气路和油路控制:

41、气路主要控制变速箱换档机构，油路控制变速箱的执行机100 构，也就是摩擦片和制动器的结合或分离。5结束语：Allison变速箱大修过程中解决的主要问题井下三公司HT750DR美国Allison变速箱通过解体检查发现存在以下问题:(1)注油泵驱动齿轮打掉，金属末掉进变速箱油底壳;1 -5档离合器摩擦片磨 损;闭锁离合器摩擦片磨损。我们将无法修复的注油泵、止推轴承、过桥齿轮及 轴承、驱动齿轮及全部摩擦片、密封件、滤芯进行更换，装配各分总成再组装成 变速箱。放干净变速箱油，包扎好外露油道用固定架固定稳妥。将变速箱总成安 装到检测试验台上,按测试规范进行调试，达到了指标要求。制动器工作正常，无异 响、

42、无泄露，成功投入了修井使用。(2)井下二公司修井机HT750DR美国Allison变速箱温度过高，压力过低。在 解体修理后安装到修井机上时，变矩器漏油漏到发动机飞轮壳体，使发动机飞轮壳 油位升高，压力升高，造成飞轮壳油封漏油。因为漏油几次拆卸检查才 发现这台变速箱的变矩器外壳裂了。重新焊接后上车 床加工好，故障得以排除。(3)特修公司CLT754美国Allison变速箱解体检查时发现问题较多：注油 泵齿轮松旷内轴承损坏;二档活塞销柱断损1只;中排行星齿轮松矿;转速表轴头 磨损;闭锁后板及(菱形)键磨损;主轴(带齿轮花键)轴头磨损;取力轴承、闭锁摩 擦片及各前进档钢片、摩擦片、密封件损坏。我们更

43、换中排行星架总成等总成件 或配件91件，加工修复了注油泵总成、主轴、飞轮总成、闭锁后板、一档活塞座 等，排除故障,解决了存在的问题。组装调试完毕，送生产前线安装到修井机上投入 了修井使用。(4)井下二大队CLT754美国Allison变速箱速度低，温度高,闭锁离合器打 滑，摩擦片和钢片磨损。通过拆检发现各档摩擦片和钢片、密封件、推力轴承损 坏。我们更换了密封件大修包,各档摩擦片和钢片、止推轴承等68件，组装调试 完毕,安装到修井机上投入了修井使用。右键另存CAD图纸：操纵阀.dwg倒档离合器.dwg前进离合器.dwg101工艺规程设计毕业设计（论文）工序10.粗刨轨面工序11.铳刨导轨面的工艺

44、面工序12.铳削2X2的退刀槽工序13.精刨燕尾面工序14.精刨导轨面工序15.磨燕尾面工序16.磨导轨面工序17.钻”14的孔工序18.扩 14的孔工序19.钻M6的螺纹孔工序20.攻丝工序21.链削28的沉降孔工序22.链削加7的孔工序23.镇削加4的孔工序24.导轨面配刮工序25.精加工017H6的孔研配工序26.人工时效工序27.终检但考虑工序集中和铸件不适合热处理取消工序26,而且考虑工序集中， 集中同一中加工的粗精加工。具体的工序如下：工序1.导轨面加工（粗、半精铳削导轨面及刨削导轨面的工艺面、精 刨导轨面）工序2.燕尾面加工（粗刨、精刨燕尾面）工序3.铳削017H6的孔的两端面（

45、粗、精铳）工艺规程设计工艺规程设计毕业设计（论文）工序4.孔加工（钻、扩、绞017H6的孔）工序5.铳削0 14的孔的端面工序6.14的孔加工（ 14的孔钻、扩）工序7.铳削M6的端面工序8.钻孔（钻M6的螺纹孔）工序9.惚1x45。的倒角工序10.磨削（导轨面、燕尾面）工序11.链削（链削”28的沉降孔）工序12.攻丝工序13.导轨面配刮工序14.壬行磨：（/）MH6mm工序15.精加工。17H6的孔研配工序16.终检以上过程详见后面的工艺卡3.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯的确定“尾座体”零件的材料为HT200,生产类型为成批生产。采用自由的砂 型,3级精度（成批生产）。根据上述原始质料及

46、加工工艺，分别确定各加工表面的机械加工余量， 工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下：3.4.1 孑1加7的端面的不平度：Rz = 240即、缺陷度：金=250查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计指导工艺规程设计工艺规程设计毕业设计(论文)空间偏差：夕毛=1700pm根据参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计指导铸造公差：T = 2200 查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计指 导，按铸件宽度匕=12“查得的宽度公差(1)粗铳余量加工精度：IT12,公差T = 0.35m/n = 350/zm查参考资料 机械制造 工艺与夹具设计指导加工表面粗糙度：Ra 6.3查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计指导铸件的加工余量为X =

47、 26mm ,(2)精铳余量加工精度及表面粗糙度：要求达到尺。6.35，公差7 = 0.005%加，见图纸要求。精加工的余量为丫2= 1加。所以总的加工为MA = 2x(Y1+Y2)式(3.1 )=2 x (2.6 +1) = 7.3mm4. 2 内孑7H帆毛坯为实心，不冲出孔。内孔精度要求为6,参考资料4机械制造 工艺与夹具设计指导确定工序尺寸及加工余量为：钻孔：5mm扩孔：66mm 2Z1 =lmm查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计 指导精镇：16.9mm 2Z2=0.81nmi查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设工艺规程设计毕业设计(论文)计指导细像：016.09如麓2Z3 = 0.08mm

48、查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具 设计指导布磨：NH6mm 2/4 = 0.09/ 查参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹 具设计指导表2.3-51总的加工余量为：Z = Z1 + Z2 + Z3+Z4 = 2mm。式(3-2)3. 4. 3燕尾面加工考虑其加工长度为9加“，与其联结的为导轨面，其精度相对较高，要 进行粗加工、半精加工和精加工。粗加工：加工精度12、铸件粗加工的余量4 = 6.0mm根据参考资料机械 制造工艺与夹具设计指导。半精加工：加工长度5 = 90如、加工宽度1。加加，因此半精加工的余量选择N = 10力参考资料”机械制造工艺与夹具设计指导表2.3-59。精加工：加工长度5 = 906机、加工宽度25切根，因此精加工的余量选择Z、= 0.012 mm 参考资料4机械制造工艺与夹具设计指导表2.3-60总的加工余量Z = 4+Z?+Z3= 7.012mm。式(3J)3. 4. 4导轨面刨削加工考虑其加工长度为138机机，同样也是和导轨配合，其加工精度要求非常10工艺规程设计工艺规程设计毕业设计（论文）高，因此需要进行粗加工，半精加工和精加工。粗加工：加工精度选择选择加工余量Z = 5.5mm半精加工：