Unit1语篇练习高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册.docx

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1、语篇练习一、阅读理解阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。AFever, coughing.most of us at one time or anotherhave had these symptoms. What causes them?In fact, many diseases are caused by viruses, includingsome deadly ones like AIDS, SA RS and COVID-19, alsoknown as the novel coronavirus pneumonia.What are viruses?

2、 How can viruses cause so muchtrouble? Viruses are very small particles which areabout one millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells orbacteria, viruses arent living organisms-they cantreproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells ofliving organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.Vi

3、ruses can infect every living thing-from plants andanimal down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they a re always a potential danger to humans.Viruses lie around our environment all of the time,waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter ourbodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or break

4、s in the skin. Onceinside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example,HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of theimmune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first comefrom? Until now, no clear explanation for their originexists. Tracing the origins of viruses is diffic

5、ult, EdRybicki, a scientist at the university of Cape Town in SouthAfrica, told Scientific American, because viruses dontleave fossils and because of the tricks they use to makecopies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded.However, there are three main theories to explain theorigin of viruses

6、. First, viruses started as independentorganisms, and then became parasites（寄生虫）.Second,viruses evolved from pieces of DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）orRNA（核 糖核酸）that u escaped from larger organisms.Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, whichmeans they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these

7、are only theories.Thetechnology and evidence we have today cannot be used totest these theories and identify the most plausible（看似合理的）explanation. Continuing studies may provide us withclearer answers. Or future studies may find that the answeris even more mysterious than it now appears.1. What can

8、we learn about viruses from the text?A. Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.B. Viruses are really small living organisms.C. Viruses cant reproduce unless they find a host cell.D. Viruses enter our bodies mainly through our mouthsnoses and hair.2. Which of the following might explain the

9、origin ofviruses?A. They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.B.They evolved from parasites to independent organisms.C.They evolved from the DNA of animals.D. They evolved along with their host cells.3.What can we conclude from the text?A. Viruses live longer in human host cells thanin animal

10、s,.B. Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.C. It may take a long time to understand the origin ofviruses.D. The author is confident of future virus research.BA new study predicts that warmer waters in the AtlanticOcean will continue to increase the number of majorhurricanes.The stud

11、y, published in the journal Science, was basedon research carried out by the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration NOAA ) Researchers sayeach hurricane season is likely to produce five to eightmajor hurricanes by 2100. Since 2000, the Atlantic hasaveraged three major hurricanes a year. Befo

12、re that, theaverage was closer to two.The new study used a computer modeling systemdeveloped by NOAA to create different climate conditions.Hiroyuki Murakami, a lead researcher on the study, saysthe climate simulation system is an effective tool tohelp estimate current and future storm activity. Mur

13、akamisteam found that a combination of natural conditions andman-made climate change is making the Atlantic Oceanwaters warmer. Man-made causes included the burning of coal, oil and gas.Warm water is important because it acts as a fuel forhurricanes. Water has to be at least 26 degrees Celsius for a

14、storm to form. The warmer the water is, the more ahurricane can resist forces that would cause it to weaken.Some outside experts had issues with parts of Murakamis study. Brian McNoldy is a hurricane researcherat the University of Miami. He said that it made sense that unusually warm water caused th

15、e extra hurricane activity in2017. But he was not willing to completely blame climatechange. Hurricane seasons dont just keep getting moreactive as the climate warms. There is enormousvariability,McNoldy said.Kevin Trenberth is with the National Center forAtmospheric Research. He took issue with the

16、 fact that thestudy did not include research on large increases in oceanheat in deeper ocean areas. Trenberth said this could also becaused by climate change.1. Why did the researchers develop the computer modelingsystem?A. To predict storm activity.B.To make the weather forecast.C. To record the nu

17、mber of hurricanes.D. To measure the seawater temperature.2. What does the underlined word itrefer to in Paragraph 4?A.A storm.B.A hurricane.C.Force.D. Water.3. What did other researchers think of Murakamis study?A.They couldnt agree with him more.B. They disagreed with him at all.C. They thought th

18、ere were mistakes in it.D. They partially agreed with his findings.4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for the increase of hurricanes.B. Prediction and prevention of hurricanes.C. Research on warm waters and hurricanes.D. Research on the water temperature of the AtlanticOcean.二、完形填空阅读下面短文

19、，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Alexis Lewis, a 7-year-old girl, set out with herfamily on a trip to explore different parts of the country.During the hours on the road, her grandfathen a rocketscientist, would 1 cool ideas with Alexis about science.Eventually, everything her grandfather said_2 A

20、lexis tobecome an inventor.Fast forwarded to the 2019 Kid Inventors Day event 3 on January 17th in Brooklyn, New York, andAlexis, 14, was one of the seven kid 4 who attendedthe event. With an audience of 200 people in 5 andmore than 500 others watching on Facebook Live, Alexistalked about her award-

21、winning invention, the BambooTravois（雪橇 ）It is a lightweight device made of bamboo, a net rope _6_ wheels. A person can use the travois tocarry someone else while walking long_7 Alexis also 8 another one of her inventions: theEmergency Mask（面罩）Pod. It is a football-shaped canister（小罐）that 9 a smoke

22、mask and can be thrownthrough the window of a burning building. People inside thebuilding can put on the mask to 10 themselves fromsmoke inhalation。吸入）11 firefighters helped her testthe invention by throwing it hundreds of times into thesecond storey windows of buildings.The world 12 new thinkers li

23、ke Alexis and otheryoung inventors who 13 the event. Kids are the oneswho can solve the 14 that the older generation createlts our job as adults to show kids the possibilities of 15_ they can make and create.B.shareC.askD.makeB.suggestedC.persuaded0.inspiredB.joinedC.held.createdB.inventorsC.scienti

24、stsD.artistsB.troubleC.need0.person6.A.as well asB.instead ofC.thanks toD.except forB.distancesC.blocksD.voyagesB.discoveredC.gaveD.presentedB.meansC.avoids0.attachesB.bringC.protectD.helpB.ForeignC. Brave0.FamousB.leavesC.needs0.developsB.causedC.directed0.attendedB.positionsC.problemsD.jobsB.howC.

25、whyD.when参考答案一、阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要介绍了什么是病毒和病毒的来源。【答案解析】1 .C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Unlike human cells or bacteria,viruses arent living organisms-they cant reproduce on their own.Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spreadand take over.（与人类细胞或细菌不同，病毒不是活的有机体它们不能自己 繁殖，而是侵入活的有机体细胞

26、进行繁殖、传播和接管。）”可知病毒只有找到宿主细胞才能 繁殖。应选C2 .D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ Third” viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongsidethese cells.第三，病毒与它们的宿主细胞共同进化，这意味 着它们与这些（宿主）细胞共存。”可知病毒是与宿主细胞一起进化的。应选D。3 .D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Continuing studies mayprovide us with clearer answers. Or future studies

27、 may find that theanswer is even more mysterious than it now appears持续的研究可能会给我们提供更清晰的答案。或者未来的研究可能会发现答案比现 在看起来更神秘。）”可知作者对今后的病毒研究充满信心。应选D。B【答案解析】1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 Hiroyuki Murakami,aleresearcher on the study, says the climate simulation is an effectivetool to help estimate current and future storm ac

28、tivity.,该系 统是用来预测当前与未来风暴活动情况的，应选Ao B做天气预报;C记录限风的次数;D测量 海水温度,均不是建立该系统的目的。2.B 词义猜想题（代词）。根据第四段中 The warmer the water is.the more a hurricane can resist forces that would cause it to weaken（海水越暖，飓风就越能抵抗使其减弱的力量）可知,it” 指代的是句中的a hurricane.3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 But he was not willing tocompletely blame climate

29、 change. 可知，McNoldy并不完全赞同Murakami的研究结果，他认为不能将飓风增加完全归咎于气候 变化。由最后.段中 He took issue with the fact that the study did notinclude research on large increases in ocean heat in deeper oceanareas.可知,认为,Murakami 的研究未能包括深海区域 海洋热量大量增加的研究，他对这一事实提出异议。由此可知，其他研究者不完全认同 Murakami的研究结果，应选D. A他们完全同意他的研究;B他们完全不同意他的研究;C.

30、他们 认为研究中有错误，均与原文的表述不符。4.C主旨大意题。纵观全文,本文主要介绍了关于海水温度升高与碾风数量增加之间关系的 研究，应选C。A.飓风增加的原因;B对飓风的预测和预防;D.对大西洋水温的研究。这几个选 项仅能局部揭示文章的信息，不够全面。二、完形填空【答案解析】1.B考查动词词义辨析。share sth., with sb.”和某人提供某物句1.B考查动词意:在路上 的几个小时里，她的爷爷，一个研究火箭的科学家，会和Alexis提供一些关于科学的很酷的想法。2 .D考查动词词义辨析。inspire sb., to do sth.激励某人做某事”。句意:最终,爷爷跟她说的 每一件

31、事都激励着Alexis成为一名创造家。praise表扬；suggests建议；persuade i说服，均不 符合题意。应选D。3 .C考行动词词义辨析。句意:快进到1月7日在纽约布鲁克林举行的2019年儿童.创造家日 活动,14岁的Alexis是参加活动的七位儿童创造家之一。这里表示一场活动被举行，应选C。4 .B考查名词词义辨析。由前文的可知，此处表示“参加活动的七名儿童创造家之一”。应选 Bo.D考查名词词义辨析。in silence沉默地;in trouble处于困境中;in need在危难中，在困难中;in person亲自。此处表示比照,500多人是在网上看直播,200人是亲自到场

32、。应选D.A考查固定短语辨析。as well as除之外，和;instead of代替;thanks to多亏;except for除了。她创造的这个装置是由几局部组成的，所以选择aswellas.o.B考查名词词义辨析。句意:人可以用这个雪橇载人走很远的距离。highway公路；distance 距离；block街区;voyage航海。应选B。8 .D考查动词词义辨析。句意:Alexis还展示了她的另一项创造:应急面罩装置。present展示。 应选D。9 .A考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是一个足球形状的小罐，里面装有防毒面具，可以通过窗户被 扔到燃烧的建筑物中。contain包含,含有;me

33、an意思是;avoid i防止;附上。应选A。10 .C考查动词词义辨析。短语protect sb.from意为“保护某人免受（侵害广。句意:建筑物内 的人可以戴上这个面罩，以保护自己不吸入烟雾。应选C。11 .A考查形容词词义辨析。为检测她的创造的有效性,当地的消防员帮她进行检测。应选A。12 .C考查动词词义辨析。句意:世界需要像Alexis和其他参加该活动的年轻创造家这样的新 思想家。need需要，应选C。13 .D考查动词词义辨析。Alexis和其他年轻的创造者一起参加了活动。attend参加。选项 D符合。14 .C考查名词词义辨析。每一代人都会创造一些他们无法解决的问题，这需要年轻的一代，即 孩子们来解决。应选C。15 .A考查宾语从句。what引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺宾语，其他三个词不能在从句中作宾语。 应选Ao句意:我们成年人的任务就是向孩子们展示他们能制造和创造的东西的可能性。