考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构--练高考--心中有数(教师版).docx
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1、考点14-推理判断之推断文章结构-练高考-心中有数1 .【2012.北京卷】Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world. This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place
2、wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched i
3、s strong, and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need-the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane
4、, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more peop
5、le on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without re
6、ducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants.
7、 One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but als
8、o the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.1. John Sauven holds that.A. many people value nature too muchexploitation of wildernesses is harmfulB. wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesthe urge
9、to develop the ecosystem services is strong2. What is the main idea of Para. 3?A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.societal values. We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resemble
10、s a real life. Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.Still, many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated (老练的)they may be, robots are still machines. It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights. However, with t
11、he advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征),and we would have to consider granting them rights.In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this an
12、d seriously consider the possibility.13. Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph?A. To remind readers of the importance of robots.B. To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.C. To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.D. To describe the relationship between
13、humans and robots.14. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Robots should be legally and morally protected.B. There is possible information risk.C. Humans are doing harm to robots.D. Robots should be given more emotional attachment.15. Whafs the authors attitude towards granting robots human rights?
14、A. Doubtful.C. Negative.16. Whats the structure of the passage?(二Para. 1二Para. 2二Para. 3A.C.【答案】13. C14. A15. B16. AB. Favorable.D. Uncaring.(4)=Para. 4 =Para. 5 =Para. 6)B.D.一一【解析】这是一篇议论文。随着机器人越来越类人化,我们很多时候不能再把机器人仅仅看 作机器,因此文章论述了应该赋予机器人人权的理由。13 .推理判断题。根据第一段的Given this phenomenon, I believ it is nece
15、ssary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.(鉴于这种现象,我认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类 享有的某些权利)”结合下文陈述应该给与机器人人权的原因推知,上文提到星球大战中机 器人救机器人以及现实生活中的机器人Sophia的例子是为了让读者思考一个关于机器人的 问题。应选C。14 .主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容,尤其中心句“Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harmin
16、g humans.(步L器人也应该得至U法律 和道德保护,因为伤害机器人可能与伤害人类相似)”可知,本段主要陈述机器人应该受到 法律和道德的保护。应选A。15 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However, with the advancement in technology, it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphized (赋予人的特征),and we would have to consider granting them rights.(然而,随着技术的进步,机器人完全拟人化只是时间问题,我 们必须考虑
17、赋予他们权利)”和最后一段“In conclusion, deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task, but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.(总之,决定机器人是否应该享有人权并不是一件容易的事, 但现在是开始对话的时候了,并认真考虑这种可能性)”推知,作者对给与机器人人权持支 持态度。应选B。16 .推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段提出本文话
18、题考虑给机器人人权,第二到 第五段陈述为什么要给机器人人权,最后一个自然段总结全文。因此文章的结构是 一。应选A。6.12022.江苏省扬州市宝应中学月考】Ashlee Thomas* struggles are just one example of Instagrams potentiaVtoxicffect on teen girls,as highlighted in he congressional(国会的)testimony(证词)of Frances Haugen on Friday.I believe Facebooks products harm children,encou
19、rage division and weaken our democracy, said Haugen, a 37-year-old former Facebook product manager who worked on civic integrity issues at the company.Facebooks own internal research,cited by Haugen,showed 13.5%of teen girls on Instagram Instagram is owned by Facebook) say the platform makes thought
20、s of Suicide and Self Injury worsenand 17% say the platform makes Eating IssuesHsuch as anorexia(厌食症)worse.Its research also claimed Facebooks platformsnmake body image issues worse for 1 in 3 teen girls.The company*s leadership knows how to make Facebook and Instagram safer but wont make the necess
21、ary changes because they have put their profits before people,nHaugen said during her opening remarks.Congressional action is needed. They wont solve this crisis without your help.Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg took to the platform he built to defend the company against Haugens allegations(指控),saying
22、in a 1,300-word statement that the tech giants research on its impact on children was being misrepresented.“We care deeply about issues like safety, well-being and mental health,HZuckerberg wrote.He added, HMany of the claims dont make any sense.If we wanted to ignore research, why would we create a
23、n industry-leading research program to understand these important issues in the first place?nIn a statement, Facebook doubted the interpretation(解释)of the research and insisted th percentages are much lower.The company has also said it welcomes regulation.Still, those familiar with the workings of t
24、he tech world say it will take much more to save teens.Their business modefs putting kids into these kinds of loops of engagement,Hsaid Tristan Harris, co-founder of the Center for Humane Technology.And that*s what Im really worried about.that there isnt some quick fix to this thing.Its the intrinsi
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