鲁教版八年级上英语各单元重难点归纳.docx

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1、鲁教版八年级上英语各单元重难点归纳Unit 1 Could you please clean your room?本单元考点，重点二个：一、如何礼貌地提出请求和征求别人的许可及回答。二、“the +比拟级,the+比拟级”句型。一、礼貌地提出请求和征求别人的许可及回答：（一）表示礼貌地提出请求：一请你做某事好吗？1、Could you please do sth.?/ Could you do sth.?如：Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？Yes, Sure./ Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homewo

2、rk first.2、Would you please do sth.? /Would you do sth.?肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. /No problem./ Td love to. / Td glad to.否认回答：Sorry. / Td love to, but I have to ./I must./I should.要求别人做某事客气句型补充：1. Would you like to do sth.?你想做某事吗?2. I wonder if you would do sth.?我想知道是否你要做某事？3. Would you min

3、d doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？（二）、请求许可：一我/我们做某事好吗？1、Could 1/ we please do sth.?如：Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？Sure./ Cerainly./ Of course./ No, you cant. I have to go out.2、 Could 1/ we do sth.?肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. /No problem./ Yes, you can.否认回答:Sorry. / No, you cant./ you have to ./Y

4、ou must./You should.first. 注意：在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can,以表示礼貌， 委婉或不确定的语气，而can那么不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can 的过去式。以上句子中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许 时，除了 can, could之外，还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同 的方式来表示同一个概念。如：Could/ Can/ May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：ny I use your car for a day?如同意可以说 Yes,或

5、 Sure 或 Certainly,还可说 Yes, （do） please 或 Of course.you may/can）.或 Thats OK/all right.如不同意, 可以说 Im sorry you cant 或 Vm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要防止说No, you cant这样显得很不礼貌。否认回答通常用委婉语气。Unit 3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?本单元考点，重点一个一过去进行时。一、构成： 由“was/were+v-ing”构成二、用法说明：1、表

6、示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天这个时候你在做什么？During the summer of 2013 she was travelling in Europe.2013 年夏天她在欧洲旅行。2、表示过去将来，多用于go, come, leave, start, take off等动词。He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.他说他一两天之后就动身回家了。3、表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作时 间长的用

7、过去进行时，表达谈话背景;动作时间段的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang.我正在看报，这时 门铃响 了。I met Diana while I was shopping this morning.我今早买东西时碰到了戴安娜。4、表示两个持续的动作。I was doing my homework while he was listening to music.我在做作业而他在听音乐。 三、时间状语：at that time, at that time of,at this time yesterday5

8、 then, from 8 to 10yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday5 when/whileU!、重点知识点:1、 in/on the street 在彳苛上2、at the bus stop 在公共汽车站3、at the time of the rainstorm在下暴雨的时候at the time of 当时候（常用于过去进行时） at that time 在那时rainstorm n.暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop 雨滴4、be busy doing sth.忙于做某事look for.寻找see a car coming看到一辆小轿车开过来了

9、5、go off （闹钟）发出响声take a hot shower 洗热水澡6、heavy rain 大雨 heavy snow 大雪 rain heavily 雨下的大heavy adj.沉重的 heavily adv.沉重地形容风大的时候常用strong/ hard 形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard7、miss the bus 错过公交车miss v.错过（后面加名词，代词，动词ing） Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus.V.想念，四年n.用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写“小姐，女士”8. pick up

10、接 =pick up the telephone（1）接 Torn, I called you, but you didnt pick up.(2)捡起，拾起 I picked up a wallet on my way home.(3)(开车)接某人 I will pick you up at the station.(4)学到，获得 He was picking up the skills quickly.strange adj.奇怪的，陌生的strangely adv.奇怪地 stranger n.陌生人be strange to .对感到陌生Its strange that she c

11、ame to the party.(奇怪的)He stands in a strange street.(陌生的)strong winds 狂风 dark clouds/ black clouds 乌 云9. With no light, if felt like midnight.外面没有光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。(1)with + n. +adv.在句子中做伴随状语with + n. + adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open.(2)light n.不可数名词光线There5s no light.n.可数名词灯

12、,打火机the light is broken.adj.轻的，浅的，明亮的，轻松的v.点燃，变亮(3)feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.想要做某事report v.报道，表达n.报告，成绩单，报道 reporter n.记者 make a report 做报告 give a report 作报告 weather report 天气预报Its reported that据报道be in the area 在这个地区12. make sure13. make dinner14. beat against.(1 )beat 与 win确信;确认做晚餐

13、拍打都表示“获胜，赢得”beat + 竞争对手（人或球队等）We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.win +战争奖杯，奖牌比赛，游戏 Which team won the football match?（2）be against. “反对”假设表示强烈反对，一般用副词strongly（反义词组）be for.“赞成”Are you for or against the plan?你对这个计划是赞成还的反对？be against.”靠着，顶着The teacher飞desk is against the wall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。15.at first首先

14、；最初 at first = at the beginning最初;开始（强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初） first of all首先;第一（说明陈述事情的重要性）16 fall/be asleep进人梦乡fall ill 生病fall in trouble 遇到麻烦fall in love with sb.爱上某人asleep adj.睡着的（表语）sleepy adj.困倦的（定语，表语）sleep v.睡觉 一 slept (过去式)go to sleep 去睡觉 get to sleep 入睡a sleeping boy 一个睡着的男孩wake v.醒着 一woke(过去式)w

15、ake up醒来awake adj.醒着的 be awake 醒着的辨析：sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, fall asleep, go to bed(l)sleep=be in bed “睡觉”，指睡的动作状态，是延续性动词He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。(2)go to sleep ”入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.我只是想闭上

16、眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。(3)get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态She was too excited to get to sleep last night.她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。(4)fall asleep是系表结构“入睡，睡着”指进入梦乡，含有不知不觉就睡着了的意思 He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮地敲门声。(5)go to bed “就寝，上床睡觉”指上床睡觉的动作，与get up相对应。The student

17、s in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.17. die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失die out灭绝die away消失die of7 fh)m死于.die down与die out皆可指火的熄灭die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程die out那么指熄灭这一事实,而且不及die down用的普遍die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失

18、或消亡。This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。18. find the neighborhood in a mess发现周围一团糟rise “升起，上升”主语自身移向较高位置Price rose gradually.价格逐渐上升了。raise ”举起，提高”主语发出的动作作用于其他事物Lets raise our glasses to Tom.让我们向汤姆举杯。19. fallen trees, broken windows倒下的树，破碎的窗户adj.与动词的过去分词同形join sb. to do sth.(加入)和

19、某人一起做(l)join sb.加入到某个人群之中(2)join = bea member of参加，指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。join the army/ party 入伍/党 join the club 加入俱乐部(3)join in后接活动名称(4)take part in参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用20. break. apart使别离bring. together使靠拢help each other in times of difficulty在困难的时候互相帮助take the car to the car wash把车开到洗车场21. have a loo

20、k(at).看一看()get to the place of the accident到达事故发生地get to the bus stop 到达汽车站get to 到达(get-got-gotten v.得至U ) + 地点 = arrive in/at +地点=reach + 地点get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于get along with sb.于某人相处融洽 get together相聚Youre kidding!你在开玩笑。kid v.开玩笑，欺骗n.小孩(可数名词)happen发生，碰巧(指偶然性发生)(1)happen v. “发生”没有被动语

21、态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性Sth. happen to sb.某事发生在某人的身上What happened to you?= What was wrong with him? Sb. happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事 She happened to be out when we called.(2)take place “发生”指事情有计划有安排地发生The sports meeting took place in our school last week.(3) It happened that碰巧miss the event 错过这个事件22. by the si

22、de of the road 在路边the Animal Helpline动物保护热线walk by走路经过realize v.意识到 realization n.认识，领会(l)realize + n. She didnt realize hier mistakes.(2)realize + 从句 I didnt realize that you were so unhappy.23. make ones way to sp. =on ones way to sp.前往某地;在某人去的路上(当后接地点副词时,应省略介词to)in the way挡道，阻碍in a way在某种程度上by th

23、e way顺便说一下in this way用这种方式be helpful to do sth 做.有帮助24. hear the news听到这个消息the news of important events in history历史上的重要事件的新闻25. the news on the radio/ TV收音机/电视的新闻for example 例如26. be killed 被杀害over 50=more than50 50 多(岁)27. a school pupil 一个小学生on the radio通过广播hear的用法(1)意为“听见”强调听的结果hear sb. do sth.听

24、见某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做某事We can often hear some children play on the playround.我们经常听见一些孩子们在操 场上玩耍。I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back.当我回来时，我 听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。(2)hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。hear about意为“听说=hear of,后面接词或短语I have heard about/ of the stor

25、y before.我以前就听说过这个故事。hear from意为“收到的来信,有的消息”二get/ receive a letter fromI havent heard from my mother for months.我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。28. be completely shocked 被彻底震惊be shocked at.对.感到震惊be shocked to do sth.做.感到震惊complete v.完成 adj.完整的 -completely adv.彻底地，完全地the rest of.“其余的；剩下的”做主语时,其谓语动词是数要与后面的名词保持一致Th

26、e rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.29. in silence沉默；无声二silently in surprise 吃惊地 in joy 高兴地silence n.沉默- silent adj.沉默的，缄默的,无声的keep silent保持沉默silentlyadv.沉默地，无声地30. more recently最近地；新近recent adj.较近的，新近的recently adv.不久前remember to do sth.记得去做某事(此事还没做)Remember to turn o

27、ff the light when you leave the room.当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。 remember doing sth.记得做过某事(此事已做完)I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯 了。31. the World Trade Center 世贸中心take down 撤除;摧毁be taken down by terrorists被恐怖分子摧毁terror n.恐怖 一 terrorist n.恐怖分子be full of terror 充满恐怖art n.艺术artist n.

28、艺术家 science n.科学scientistn.科学家piano n.钢琴 pianist n.钢琴家32. have meaning to sb. 对某人有意义have trouble/ difficulty /problem (in) doing sth, 做有麻烦/困难/问题 二there is trouble /difficulty / problem (in) doing sth.33. a day Kate Smith will never forget 凯特 Smith永远不会忘记的一天at first首先;最初 =at the beginning34. look out

29、of the window看窗夕卜tell the truth 讲出实情，真相true adj.真的 truly adv.真地truth n.实情，事实 to be truth n.真相honest 二 to tell (you) the truth 老实说，说实话point out 指出35. go away 消失as well 也36. the big day 一个重要的日子played the song without any mistakes毫不出错地演奏了 这首歌5 8. call out the winner 大声喊出胜者the happiest day of my life 我生

30、命中最高兴的一天五、书面表达：紧张而又忙碌的初中生活即将结束，请以“My unforgettable (难忘的)Middle School Life”为题写一篇短文。短文首句已给出。要求：词数80-100.短文题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词匚：learn, spend, be interested in, be busy withMy Unforgettable Middle School LifeHow times flies! My middle school life is coming to the end. I cant forget the happy time that

31、Ive spent with my classmates and teachers. At school, I am busy with my studies. Im interested in English, because my English teacher, Miss Wang, is kind and helpful.I like playing basketball and reading books. After class, I join some clubs at school. In this way, Vve got more knowledge and improve

32、d my life. I learn how to face difficulties, and I also learn how to get on well with friends.My school life is meaningful and colorful. In a word, it is unforgettable, isnt it?An Unforgettable ExamI have experienced many kinds of exam in my life, the most unforgettable of which was the final-exam l

33、ast term.Before the exam, I stayed up late in order to get a good score. The next morning I rushed to school without breakfast.In the course of the exam, I saw a very difficult problem and it took me a lot of time. I thought hard but couldnt work it out. Soon after I gave up, I fell asleep at my des

34、k. When I woke up, the exam was over, you can imagine what happened in the end.Unit 4 An old man tried to move the mountains.本单元考点，重点二个：一、一般过去时的用法二、连词引导的状语从句的用法一、一般过去时：（一）概念：用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复 性的动作。（二）时间状语：一般过去时的判断标志词 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last+时间,this morning, 时间+ago, j

35、ust now, a moment ago.（三）句式结构：一般过去时的结构1、be动词的一般过去时在没有行为动词的句子中使用be动词,am/is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were 肯定句：主语+be（was/were）+其他。否认句：主语+be（was/were）+not+其他。一般疑问句：Be（was/were）+主语+其他？注：在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was/wereobe动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。2、行为动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否认句和疑问句要使用助动do和does的过去式dido肯定句：主语

36、+动词（过去式）+其他。否认句：主语+didift+动词（原形）+其他。（did not = didnt）一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词（原形）+其他？（do, does的过去式均为did）注：（l）did和didnt是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。（2）行为动词do的一般过去时例如：I do my homework every day.（用 yesterday 改写句子）I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday.（否认句）Did you do your homework yesterda

37、y?（一般疑问句）Yes, I did. /No, I didnt.3、情态动词的一般过去时态，注意：含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有be动词的 一般过去时，十分相似,请注意观察。肯定句：主语+情态动词+其他。否认句：主语+情态动词+ not +其他。一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其他？注： 情态动 词的过 去式：can-could, may-might, must-must, will-would, shallshould1、特殊疑问句疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他？疑问词+情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？Why was he late for sch

38、ool last Monday? What could she do twenty years ago?（四）动词过去式的变化规那么1.规那么动词的变化规那么直接力口士也 work-worked, look-looked, play一played（2）以字母 e 结尾的单词,直接加-d： live一lived, hope一hoped, use一used（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed： study一studied, carrycarried（4）以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-ed： enjoy-enjoyed（5）以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写最后的辅音字母加-ed： sto

39、p-stopped, planplanned 2、不规那么动词变化看书后表二、状语从句：用一个句子（从句）来做另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫 做状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句.例如：条件状语从句就是用 一个句子来做条件状语。1、不同连词的用法。until, before, after, as soon as, when, while, if, unless.first of all, secondly, then, later, finally2、让步状语从句的用法。although, though形容词的用法：形容词用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或

40、性质，形容词往往被译成 “的”。用法如下：1 . 作定语 This is an old house.2 . 作表语 I am sorry to hear that.3 .作宾语补足语 She made her mother angry.4 .形容词在句中的位置形容词作定语修饰名词时,放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词之后。She is a clever girl.I saw something white in the water.5 .某些形容词前加定冠词the,可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语、宾语等。做主 语时,当复数看待。The old are well looked af

41、ter. We all love the beautiful.三、重点短语，知识点：l.try to do sth.设法，努力做某事（强调付出努力设法去完成）try doing sth.尝试做某事（不一定付出很大努力）try ones best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事try on 试穿 try out 试验2. move the mountains 移山tell the/a story 讲故事(1 )tell ”告诉，对说vt. tell the truth 说真话 tell a lie 说谎 tell the time 报时 tell sb. sth.= tell sth.

42、 to sb.告诉某人某事tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事My mother tells me to buy some fruit.(2)say “讲，说”强调说话的内容Say it in Chinese, please.请用汉语说。He says that he saw the man yesterday.他说昨天我看见这个人了。say +说话内容say to sb.对某人说It is said that据说It is said that he could stay under the water for a long

43、 time.据说他能呆在水里很长时间。(3)speak vt.“说，讲宾语常是某种语言speak French说法语speak +语言 speak to sb. May I speak to Tom?(4)talk vi.”讲，谈论，谈话 talk to/ with sb. about sth.talk about / of 谈论 talk to/ with 和交谈give a talk 作报告 have a talk 听报告 (talk n.报告)They are taking about the film.他们正谈论这部电影。The teacher is talking with Mike

44、.老师正和迈克谈话。3. the journey to sp之旅shoot the suns 射日 shoot 过去式 shotshoot sth射.shoot at.向射击 shoot sth. at sb./ sth.向某人/某物射击某物 shoot down击落，驳倒，否决 shoot for争取，为.而努力once upon a time 从前 =long, long ago =a long time ago4. Sth. happen to sb.某事发生在某人身上all the earth and stone 所有的土壤和石头5. begin - began - begun v.开

45、始 beginning n.开始 at the beginning of 在.开始 begin to do sth./ doing sth.开始做某事to begin with= at Erst 首先，起初What happened?发生什么事了？6. work on doing sth.致力于做某事be good at. =do well in.=be strong in.擅长一be weak in.=be poor at. 在某方面弱，不擅长week adj.虚弱的，无力的I still feel a bit week after my illness.病后我仍觉得有点虚弱。the wee

46、k意为“弱者”在英语中，有些形容词前加定冠词表一类人或事物。其意 义为复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。7. continue to do sth.二go on to do sth.继续做某事(前后不是同一件事) continue doing sth尸go on doing sth.继续做某事(前后做同一件事)as soon as . 一就引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来I will te

47、ll him the news as soon as he comes back.主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.15.so.that意为“如此.以至于.”引导结果状语从句。(1)主语+谓语+$0+e/a(1丫, +that 从句 He was so angry that he couldnt say a word.(2)so+adj.+ a/an +单数名词+that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.(3)so + many/few + 复数名词 + that 从句He has so few friends that he oftem feels lonely.(4)so +much/ little + 不可数名词 +that 从句I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen.16.so moved 如此感动take away把，带走.remind意为“提醒，使想起“