2022年国防科学技术大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年国防科学技术大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer childr

2、en will be given the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph isA、Impact

3、on School EducationB、A Changed View of IntelligenceC、Main Results of Recent ResearchesD、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题使用了同义词替换的选择技巧，段落中主要讲述的是智力本质 的现代简洁必定会对学校教育产生影响(bound to have some effect on our school system.),选项A中只是将名词effect换为impacto第2题【单项选择题】2008.04 To understand the sente

4、nce, you should analyze its parts.A、functionallyB、widelyC、largelyD、remarkablyC、abilityD、facility【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。ability主要指天赋的能力或应用知识的才能， 应该是属于那种已经具备并开展较快的能力。如He has unusual ability in science。 capability与ability不同的是，它不仅能用于人，也可用于物，如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the use

5、s and capabilities of some of the older electrical devices, capacity指容纳或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。 如“The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根据句意，此题应该选 capacityo第20题【单项选择题】The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with eachother.A、they had quarreledB、they have quarreledC have they quarreledD

6、、had they quarreled【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否认副词never提 前，故应用倒装结构；第一分句中的have been married已限定了时态，据此可 排除D项。第21题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recogni

7、zed for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of.10A、industrially pollute

8、d soilsB、the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第22题【单项选择题】The policeman came up to the

9、lonely house with the door,there for a while and then entered it.A、open; to standB、opening; stoodC、open; stoodD、opened; standing【正确答案】C【答案解析】with the door open是with的复合结构,open为形容词，表状态;stood与came, entered为并列关系,在句中作谓语。第23题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be our onlyA、aggress

10、ionB、advantageC、alternativeD、ambition【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。11第24题【单项选择题】2007.04 If the operation carefully prepared, it would not have beensuccessful.A、was notB、has not beenC、had not beenD、were not【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查虚拟语气。主句是对过去的虚拟，所以根据句意，条件状 语从句也应该是对

11、过去的虚拟，所以用had done的形式。句意:如果手术没有 经过认真仔细的准备，它就不会成功。第25题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze （分析）the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect （建筑师）who visits the classroom

12、once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations/Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom/ says the teacher who developed this program. They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because ther

13、e are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser/An architect pays a weekly visit to the c

14、lassroom.A、to find out kids creative ideasB、to discuss with the teacherC、to give children lecturesD、to help kids with their program12【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations可知答案

15、为D。句中的aid意为“帮助,与help同义。第26题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.A

16、、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。文章说到：Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.防止喝牛奶和奶油饮料。第27题【单项选择题】2009.10 he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词。【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋 友，但他常常感到孤独。第28题【单项选择题】132007.04 The central theatre has a

17、seating of more than 3, 000 people.A、capabilityB、capacityC、abilityD、facility【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。ability主要指天赋的能力或应用知识的才能， 应该是属于那种已经具备并开展较快的能力。如He has unusual ability in sciencezzo capability与ability不同的是，它不仅能用于人,也可用于物，如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities

18、 of some of the older electrical devices, capacity指容纳或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。 如The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根据句意，此题应该选 capacityo第29题【单项选择题】【概括大意】They always complained （抱怨） more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a

19、 final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain problems and the lack of sense of humor in dealing with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea

20、 of this paragraph is.A、The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young peoples mind in following ways.B、 It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them.C、 There are so many criticism to their paren

21、ts among the young people.D、 Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.【正确答案】c答案解析1此题段落中的各句列举了年轻人都抱怨其父母些什么，谈的是what are the criticisms?的问题因此选择Co14第30题【单项选择题】2009.04 She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set offB、set backC、set asideD、set up【正确答案】c【答案解析】

22、译文：她把其他事情都放到一边，集中精力于她面前的任务。试题 分析：此题考查短语意义辨析。回详细解答：A出发、动身；B把（某物）置于 之后、延迟；C撇开、取消、废除；D建立、提出。第31题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.Q: Fermi

23、, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain reaction in the world.A TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才建立核连锁反 应的。第32题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belche

24、rs model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very smallso tiny you can15 only see them with a powerful microscope. Which of the following is true of Belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6?A、It is made of metal.B、

25、 It is a kind of watch battery.C、 It can only be seen with a microscope.D、 It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.【正确答案】D【答案解析】做题步骤：四个选项逐一带到原文，找到三个错误选项，一个正确 选项，比NOT TRUE题难。第33题【单项选择题】2009.04 She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set offB、set backC、set asideD、set up【正确答案

26、】c【答案解析】此题考查短语意义辨析。译文：她把其他事情都放到一边，集中精 力于她面前的任务。详细解答：A出发、动身；B把（某物）置于之后、延迟； C撇开、取消、废除；D建立、提出。第34题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Tom, a near-sighted young man, went on a blind date with a girl. The two were satisfied with each other. And they exchanged their telephone numbers. What can we learn about Tom?A、Tom made a go

27、od impression on the girl at first.B、It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C、Tom was blind.E、 Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.16【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。细节判断题。从The two were satisfied with each other 可知，相亲过后，两人对对方都很满意，所以A选项正确，汤姆第一次见对方就 留下了很好的印象。B项所表述内容在文中找不到根据，不能判断这是汤姆第几 次约会。根据文章描述，汤姆只

28、是near-sighted,远不到盲了的地步。文章仅讲 述了汤姆和某一个女孩相亲的精力，对他的个人魅力以及是否受女孩欢迎并未提 及。第35题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The acid rain （酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and

29、 effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.A、The problem, however, is not just a European one.B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.C、However, the Mexican government does not have enoug

30、h money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.D Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多的钱，答案转折说到了墨西哥没有 这么多的钱去做。两句之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第36题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names?

31、They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability （不可预矢口）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist （性别歧视的）nature of such names, the lists17 were expanded to include both men and wome

32、n.The main consideration of using males and females names for hurricanes is.A、the timely （及时的）discoveryB its uncertaintyC、sex equalityD、its connection with humans【正确答案】c【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female） names作为答案线索词）中最后 一句判断答案为C （与性别有关）。第37题【单项选择题】2008.10 Country life is better than city life it offers fr

33、esh air and noiselessenvironment.A、in thatB、as thatC、as forD、in which【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查复合句。句意为：乡村生活好过城市生活，因为它空气新 鲜且环境无噪音。in that是复合连接词，只在一定的句式中使用。也可以用作 一个固定词组。A在于，原因是，在方面；C.关于，至于，举例：I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.我更喜欢乡村，因为它更接近自然。第38题【单项选择题】2010.04 The student described the b

34、eautiful mountains and rivers in hishome town.A、artificiallyB、vividlyC critically18D、viciously【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查副词的词义辨析。这个学生生动地描述了他的家乡美丽的 山河。第39题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】You can/t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre slee

35、py in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get

36、 up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should.A、change his energy cycleB、overcome his lazinessC、get up earlier than usualD、go to bed earlier【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两句的意思, 作出正确判断。本段开头说，“虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你 的

37、生活适合这一周期。Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为（对你的能量周期）能起作 用。”最后两句又说，”.rise before your usual hour.work better at your low point. （“如果你在上午处于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么 你就要比平时早起。这并不改变你的周期，但你可以在低潮时得到能量，工作得 更好。”）因此选项C是正确答案。第40题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social an

38、d family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the19【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查副词词义区分。为了理解这个句子，你应该分析句子各个 局部的功能。A.有用途地、有功能地；B.宽广地；C.大大地；D,突出地。第3题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析

39、。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第4题【单项选择题】2010.04 We have greatly the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion.A、stimulatedB、perceivedC、obscuredD、simplified【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】按照主席的提议我们已经大大地简化了步骤。【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。【详细解答】动词的词义选取。第5题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, leg

40、al action will be our only.second highest per capita GDP（人均国内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower haft of the league at 60th. Q: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo问题句说美国位于前十个国

41、家的行列。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP （人均国内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey.该句说“美国的人均国内生产总值排名第2,仅位于卢森 堡之后，因此美国在这项调查中位于第13位。”显然问题句的说法与该句的说法 不一致，因此判断问题句错误。第41题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or

42、 Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostly about.A、why people find t

43、ravel writing excitingB、the literary style of three early travel writersC、where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD、how to write a travel book【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选C。主旨题。联系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文讲了三 个作家，锁定答案B和C,结合内容，文章主要讲关于他们的旅行和作品，答案 是Co第42题【单项选择题】202010,04 In order to follow fashions, the girl has

44、to great discomforts.A、catch up withB、put up withC、keep up withD、fall in with【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。【译文】为了跟随时尚，这个女孩不得不忍受 极度地不舒适。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，赶上。keep up with： 和保持联系。fall in with：偶然遇到，赞同。第43题【单项选择题】2009.04 Dont trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、whichB、 thatC、asD、what

45、【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查定语从句。译文：不要相信你在报纸上读到的每件事。定 语从句所修饰的先行词是不定代词everything,应选B。第44题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Secondary school had its own share of challenges. I was a tall kid and wasnt good at any sport, except looking. I loved basketball and tennis. The first day I held a racket, and I was disgraced by my opponent.

46、He won six straight sets without sweat and there I was, sweating badly like Id run a marathon, whereas I hadnt even made a single point.Stanley was disgraced by his classmate in a.A、basketball gameB、tennis gameC、marathon game21D、football game【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo词义理解和事实细节题。通过关键词disgrace,考生可 迅速定位至本段，再通过

47、本段的关键词racket,可以判定正确答案是网球比赛。第45题【单项选择题】2009.01 He insured his car he had an accident.A、unlessB、ifC、sinceD、in case【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查连词词义区分。句意：他给自己的汽车投了保，以防万一 遇到交通事故。A否那么，要不然；B如果；C自从，由于；D以防万一，以免。第46题【单项选择题】This is the most beautiful village I visited these years.A、whichB、whereC、in whichD、that【正确答案】D【答案解

48、析】分析句子成分后发现，visit为及物动词，所缺局部为宾语，所以应 该选择关系代词。因为这里涉及到了最高级，所以只能选that。第47题【单项选择题】【概括大意】If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything so radical as22 winning a lottery （彩票）to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card tha