2022年使役动词讲解与练习.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -日骋训练教辅讲义同学姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次：任课老师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间： 2022/12/3课题：使役动词的用法及练习英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们经常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是 make, have, let 这三个动词 ,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to 的特定用法 .但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较敏捷,现将其分类表达如下,以饷读者 .注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义. 1 使役动词have, l

2、et, make （常用于复合结构）1.1 have的用法1). have +宾语 +省 to 不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且仍可以与情态动词will, would连用 ,不用于被动结构. The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.I will have him come and help you.2). have+宾语 +现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝告,勉励”宾语干某事.The two cheats had the l

3、ights burning all night long. He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday. I have them all talking to each other in English.我勉励他们用英语交谈.3). have +宾语 +过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.仍可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.Tom said he had had his TV set repaired. Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.“

4、别人”在句中一般不显现,这是它与结构1）的区分所在.试比较： Have you washed your clothes. 你洗了衣服了吗.（自己洗）Have you had your clothes washed. 你叫人洗了衣服了吗.（别人洗） 4. have+宾语 +形容词 /副词 /介词短语作宾补Please have your tickets ready. The Emperor had nothing on. I am sure I ll have him in the argument.1.2 let 的用法1). let + 宾语 +省 to 不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾

5、语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let 后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves. Let AB be equal to CD.假设 AB 等于 CD.2). let+ 宾语 +副词 / 介词短语作宾补Let me in and let them out. Who let you into the building.3 make 的用法1. make + 宾语 +省 to 不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之

6、间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make 后不接现在分词作宾补. The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour. The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.2.make+ 宾语 +过去分词 ,此结构中的宾语指人经常用到反身代词.He raised his voice to make himself heard. Can you easily make yourself understood in English.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_

7、学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -They will make an important plan known to the public soon. 3. make+ 宾语 +形容词 ,宾语亦可是从句.The news made her happy.He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.2 “半使役动词”amaze, asto

8、nish等 “半使役动词” 在英语语法上仍是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing 形式和 v-ed 形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高 ,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点 ,易混易错点 ,而且在教学一线已经广泛的被老师和同学所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一就它们的意义都有“使某人感到”, 再就是为了与具有特别用法的使役动词let, have, make 等区分开来 .2.4 常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊吖）, astonish（使某人感到诧异）, bore（使某人感到厌倦）, complicate （使某人感到复杂）, confuse（使某人感到困惑

9、）, disappoint （使某人感到扫兴）, delight （使某人感到兴奋）, discourage（使某人感到丧气）,distinguish （使某人感到显著）, excite （使某人感到兴奋）, encourage（使某人感到激励）, exhaust （使某人感到疲乏）, frighten （使某人感到惧怕）, interest （使某人感到好玩）, inspire （使某人感到刺激）, move （使某人感到兴奋）, please（使某人感到兴奋）,puzzle （使某人感到不解）, satisfy （使某人感到中意）, surprise（使某人感到诧异）, shock（使某人

10、感到震惊）, strike （使某人感到震惊）, tire （使某人感到疲乏）,upset （使某人感到困惑不解）,等等 .2.2 半使役动词的主动式用法：something + Vt. + somebody如 ： What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China. The exam result satisfied his parents. The boy bsehavior upset everybody around.2.3 半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加 -ing, 一个加 -ed,有时仍

11、有一个加其他后缀构成如：interest-interesting, interested; astonish-astonishing, astonished;please-pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy-satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.2.4 半使役动词的v-ing 和 v-ed 两个分词形容词的用法也有规律一般而言 ,作定语时 ,v-ing 分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed 分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等.作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing 分词形容词指事. v-ed 分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的

12、v-ed 分词后接事经常有一个介词 .如： The film we saw last night was very interesting. We were all interested in the film.The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened. The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students. 3 使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中 3.1get 使成为 /变得某种状态或

13、结果（get 的用法跟have 很接近）I cant get the old radio to work.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带 to 不定式作宾补）Can you really get that old car going again.你真能让那旧车运转起来吗.The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.那农夫在雨季前完成了种植. He got his wrist broken.他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）She soon got the children ready for school. 她快速使孩子们做

14、好了上学预备.3.2 leave 使保持 /处于某种状态Leave your hat and coat in the hall. 把帽子和外套放在大厅里.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened.你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗.Always leave things where you can find them again.总应把东西放在能再次找到的的方.Who left that window open.谁让窗户开着.Don t leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨中等待.Leave

15、sb / sth alone. 不要干涉某人或某事.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Leave well alone. 事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了./ 不要画蛇添足.3.3 set 使某人或某物处于或达到某种特别的状态或关系set somebody at his ease使某人安逸 /舒服 /心情放松set something in o

16、rder 使某物井然有序set somebody free/ at liberty 使某人获得自由 ,释放（犯人等） It s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了 . The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了深思 .He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材.I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May.我决心于五月底前完成那工作. set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒

17、.令贼捉贼3.4 send 使某人或某物急剧的移动The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground. 的震将杯盘刀叉震落在的上. Mind how you go- you nearly sent me flying.当心点 ,你差点将我撞飞了.Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋. The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.3.5 drive 使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事Failure

18、 drove him to despair / desperation.失败使他失望 .Youll drive me mad / to my witsend. 你会把我气疯的./ 你会使我穷尽应对的. Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃.3.6 keep 使某人或某物保持某种状态You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来.The cold weather kept us indoors. 冰冷的天气使我们待在家里.If your hands

19、 are cold, keep them in your pockets.假如你手冷 ,把它们放在口袋里. Will they keep me in prison / custody.他们会监禁 /拘留我吗 .I m sorry I ve kept you waiting.很报歉让你久等了.The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去.4 使役意义动态动词4.1 cause 致使 ,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语 ,复合宾语） What caused his death. 什么导致了他的死亡.This has caused us much anx

20、iety. 这给我们带来了极大的担忧.What caused the plants to die.（ =what made them die. ）什么使得这些植物枯死.He caused the prisoner to be put to death. =he had them put to death. 他使得这些犯人被处死.4.2 force 迫使 ,强迫 （宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等） force ones way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来. force a way in / out / through 冲入 /出 /过force an entry i

21、nto a building 强行进入一建筑force the war upon him 强迫某人作战force someone into doing something强迫某人做某事force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人 /自己努力工作一 、单项挑选1 I have heard both teachers and students well of him. A to speakB spokenC to have spokenD speak2 They are going to have the serviceman an electric fan.A ins

22、tallB to installC to be installedD installed 3 They ll have you if you don t pay your taxes.A to be arrestedB arrestC arrestedD being arrested可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4 They know h

23、er very well. They had seen her upA growB grewC was growingD to grow 5 Is this fridge you wish to have .A the one, it repairedB that, repaired itC the one, repairedD which, repaired 6 When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult .Amaking understand meBto make myself understoodCto

24、make myself understand 7 -Good morning, Can I help you.-I d like to have this package , madamA be weighedB to be weighedC to weighD weighed 8 The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself . A hearB having heardC hearingD heard9 Jane was made to the truck for a week as a punishment. A

25、 to washB washingC to be washingD wash10 The missing boys were last seen near the river. A playingB to be playingC playD playing11The police were told that some boys were seen on the street.A playingB to be playingC playD to playing12 Paul doesnt have to be made .He always works hard. A to learnB le

26、arnC learnedD learning13.Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth . A fillingB filledC to fillD fill14 The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next door.A carry outB carrying outC carried outDto carry out15 If you want to buy an expensive camera,we have several models

27、. Ato be chosenBto choose fromCto chooseDfor choosing16 The examiner made us our identification in order to be admitted to the text center.A showingB showC showedD to show17 We were told to have our reading room after school. A cleanB to cleanC cleaningD cleaned18 They made a fire up the room, as so

28、on as their leader came back.AwarmB warmedC to warmD warming 19 I often noticed the boy school alone very soon. A leaveB leftC leavingD to notice20.The peoples government does it best to having the living standard of the people .ArisenBraiseC riseD raised21 -Your brother looks tired, Whats wrong wit

29、h him .-Well, thatbescause his boss had him all day. AworksB to workC workingD worked22.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. AimprovedB improvingC to improveD improve23 Did you notice the little boy away.Atook the candy and runBtaking the

30、candy and run Ctake the candy and runDwhen taking and running24 I smell something in the kitchen, can I call you back in a minute.A burningB burntC being burntD to be burnt二、用所给动词适当形式填空可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word

31、精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -1 He didn ptass the exam. I found him frustrate2 I like my Chinese teacher. He always makes his classesinterest3. Jim noticed a purse lie on the ground on his way to school.4. The boy saw a basket hang in the tree.5. My father usually gets me water the plant.6. The teac

32、her was angry. He kept the boy stand there.7. Let the little girl sit down.8. When the teacher came in I noticed him smile.9. I saw the light（亮着） and the door . 关着 .10. His mother bsike is broken. She will have it repair.11. The students are often made take different extra classes after school.12. H

33、e was often heard sing English songs.三、将以下句子变成动语态1. I saw him listening to the radio just now.2. His mother made him clean the room yesterday.3. Our teacher often makes me laugh in class.4. I noticed a dog come in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载