2022年大连海事大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年大连海事大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of

2、years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例

3、就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出,在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第2题【单项选择题】【2009.01 He has deep love for the people and loyalty to the country.A、intenseB、initialC、instantD、imitative【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词词义区分。A强烈的，极度的；B最初的，开始第19题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】One day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a he

4、aring aid. He certainly does, replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a hearing aid. NNo way, I said. It would make me look 20 years older. No, no, she replied. This is entirely different. Its Crystal Ear!ln

5、itially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because.A、 it would make him look old.B、 it would make him nervous.C、it was too expensive.D、it was old-styled.【正确答案】A【答案解析】当被妻子问及是否愿意得到一个助听器时，作者因为担忧显得老气 而拒绝。所以答案是A。第20题【单项选择题】We are all concerned her safety.A、 aboutB、inC、ofD、with【正确答案】A【答案解析】be co

6、ncerned about：关心，担忧。句意:我们大家都担忧着她的 平安。第21题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already 10p

7、redictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate v

8、erbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Two Major Changed View of IntelligenceB、Many of the differences in measured intelligenceC、Main Results of Recent ResearchesD、Impact on School Education【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段文字的第一句话就把其内容点的很清楚，要介绍的是：Two maj

9、or findings have emerged from these researches.而选项 C 中的 Main Results 只 不 过是major findings的另一种说法而已。第22题【单项选择题】【I闻读选择】But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have k

10、nown for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.Which of the following statements is NOT tr

11、ue according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A、Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B、Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D、Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.【正确答案】c

12、【答案解析】是非判断题，根据第五自然段首句But just like （和一样）your11 alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.代词 it 指代 biological clock,不是选项internal clock和alarm clock都可以自动调节。得到答案为C。AD 我们的生物钟自动调节。B光线通过我们的眼睛调节生物钟，与原文一

13、致。第23题【单项选择题】2010.04 We should this in mind: Dont judge a person by his appearance.A、 bearB、putC、placeD、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词汇题。【译文】我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详 细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind或者keep in mind第24题【单项选择题】2007.04 The central theatre has a seating of more than 3, 000 people.A、capabilityB、capacityC、abilityD、

14、facility【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。ability主要指天赋的能力或应用知识的才能， 应该是属于那种已经具备并开展较快的能力。如He has unusual ability in science”。 capability与ability不同的是，它不仅能用于人，也可用于物,如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities of some of the older electrical devices, capacity指容纳或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。

15、 如The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根据句意，此题应该选 capacityo12第25题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were final

16、ized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they w

17、ere floating.An important influence in early ballet was.A、BalanchineB、Marie AntoinetteC、DiaghilevD、Louis XIV【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选Do细节题。对照原文It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance.这里出现的时间1600s在原文中是比拟早的，

18、提到的人物是 King Louis XIV,选 Do第26题【单项选择题】【填句补文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are workingA、to take tiny chips

19、we requireB、to making chips any smallerC、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 secondsD、of conducting electricity13【正确答案】C【答案解析】这局部所说的体积的减小和所需时间的缩短恰好与前半句中提到的 冰箱大小的体积和所需数分钟的时间形成了比照。即：目前它大约像冰箱那么大， 而且要用几分钟扫描一个电路，但是他们正在努力使它缩小到台式计算机那么大, 把扫描时间缩短到30秒。第27题【单项选择题】【阅读判

20、断】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选Co题目说的是“这五位百岁老人生活在一个非常友好的社 区，文章开头局部提到了community（社区）”，但该句并没有

21、说这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第28题【单项选择题】【2009.7 The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well.A、nourishedB、stuffedC、tamedD、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查过去分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他 们就会很快痊愈。A营养，滋养；B填满，塞满；C驯服（猛兽）；D冒险第29题【单项选择题】14【阅读选择】Roxaboxen is based on the true story of a gr

22、oup of children, growing up in the Arizona desert. There children can be a bit wild and much free, and they play outside from dawn to dusk. The children discover the make-believe （虚彳发的）town, built on the hill across from their neighborhood. The town, called Roxaboxen, becomes the center of their pla

23、y as the children grow, but the story is not just about the time spent in Roxaboxen as young children. More than that, this book is about the way that imagination and secret places stay with us as we grow older and become a part of who we are. It is about the way that it helps us to grow into the ad

24、ults that we become. What does the books name Roxaboxen refer to?A、A child.B、A library.C、 A period of time.D、A place.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。查找细节题。短文本段中明显一句话提到,The town, called Roxaboxen,所以指的是一个地方的名字。第30题【单项选择题】阅读选择In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnose

25、d with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、 Greater probability of having other diseases.C、Differences in the biology of the cancer.D Early diagnosis.【正确答案】

26、D【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, 与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。15第31题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges （正 电荷） build at the cloud top, while the bott

27、om becomes negatively charged （负电荷的）.In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In mos

28、t cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface.A、is positively chargedB、is shifted sideways by strong windsC、is negative chargedD、is changed from positively charge to negative charge【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字解释了云层与地面之间的闪电的成因，云层下部带负电荷, 排斥地面表层的负电荷，所以地面表层聚集的是正电荷。答案为A。第32题【单项选择题】the staff to work hard

29、.2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed toA、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示C思索、推测 D激励、激发第33题【单项选择题】16【阅读选择】During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that youre hot. That/s true. The time

30、 of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John ! Youll be l

31、ate for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.Which of the following may lead to

32、family quarrels according to the passage?A、Unawareness of energy cycles.B、Familiar monologues.C、 A change in a family members energy cycle.D、Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题的关键是看懂本段的最后一句（即：Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what t

33、hese energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.同时联系本段的第四句和第五句（即：For somepeople the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. ）的意思。该句的直接意思是如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么 回事，以及家庭每个成员有什么样的周期，很多家庭争吵就会停止。也就是说， 家庭争吵的发生是因为丈夫和妻子不了解能量周期是怎么回事，更谈不上了解每 个家庭成员有什么样的

34、能量周期了。因此A项：Unawareness of energy cycles（不 知道能量周期）应是正确答案。第34题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】As far as astronomers （天文学家）can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that17

35、 other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universeA、obeys different laws.B、obeys one common law.C、

36、obeys the same laws.D、obeys no common law.【正确答案】c【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第二句。科学家没有理由怀疑宇宙中的物质遵循 同一法那么，即他们相信宇宙中不同地方的物质是遵循同一法那么的。第35题【单项选择题】2010.04 The student described the beautiful mountains and rivers in hishome town.A、artificiallyB、vividlyC、criticallyD、viciously【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查副词的词义辨析。这个学生生动地描述了他的家乡美丽的 山河。

37、第36题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us into the nuclear age.Q: Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first

38、 nuclear chain reaction in the world.A、True18B、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖，四年以后才建立核连锁反 应的。第37题【单项选择题】2009.01 The twin sisters were identical appearance and character.A、ofB、withC、inD、to【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查介词词义。句意：这对双胞胎姐妹的面容和性格都一模一 样。be identical to/ with完全相同的，一模一样的。此题要说明在某个方面是一 样的

39、，应选C。第38题【单项选择题】2009.01 Children have a natural about the world around them.A、certaintyB、capabilityC clevernessD、curiosity【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子们对他们周围的事物有着天然的好奇心。考查名词词义 选择。A确定性，肯定的事；B能力，才能；C精明，聪颖；D好奇心，求知 欲。第39题【单项选择题】19的；C立即的，即时的；D模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty,选A比拟恰当。第3题【单项选择题】【2009.7 He would that all the classifi

40、ed data should be kept safe when inoffice.A、assureB、 ensureC、insureD、secure【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查动词意义区分。【译文】他保证在办公室里的所有机密数 据处于平安状态。【详细解答】A使确信，使有信心；B确保（某事）发生，担 保；C为投保，给保险；D平安的，没有危险的第4题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate

41、【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第5题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In w

42、ar the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by2【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. . The US Environmenta

43、l Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes wi

44、th at least one smoker.C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第40题【单项选择题】2010.04 We should this in mind: Don/t judge a person by his appearance.A、 bearB、putC、placeD、print【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查词

45、汇题。【译文】我们应当牢牢记住：不要以貌取人。详 细解答】牢记在心：bear in mind或者keep in mind第41题【单项选择题】The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A、to whomB、on whom20C、with which D with whom 【正确答案】D【答案解析】with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.第42题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown before running

46、 for the presidency.A、visiblyB、visuallyC、verticallyD、virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人土。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立地 D实际上，事实上第43题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually unde

47、rgo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. The main idea of this paragraph is.A、The Nature of Heavy MetalsB、Potential Hazards of Human Contami

48、nated SoilsC、Heavy Metals and Food ChainD、Research on Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段文字讲的是：受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳21定不容易降解，其中的某些微量重金属能使人致癌或中毒。可以看出其中心内容 是：受污染土地的潜在危险，选择B。第44题【单项选择题】【填句补文】There is a difference between science and technology. . Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observab