2022年天津城市建设管理职业技术学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年天津城市建设管理职业技术学院自 考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thou

2、sands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学

3、作斗争 的一个实例就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出，在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第2题【单项选择题】Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other; less dramatic, cases are equally of attention.A、deservingB、awareC、capableD typical【正确答案】A第21题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Tom, a near-sighted young man, went on a blind dat

4、e with a girl. The two were satisfied with each other. And they exchanged their telephone numbers. What can we learn about Tom?A、Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B、It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C、Tom was blind.D、 Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正确答案】A【答案

5、解析】答案选A。细节判断题。从The two were satisfied with each other 可知，相亲过后，两人对对方都很满意，所以A选项正确，汤姆第一次见对方就 留下了很好的印象。B项所表述内容在文中找不到根据，不能判断这是汤姆第几 次约会。根据文章描述，汤姆只是near-sighted,远不到盲了的地步。文章仅讲 述了汤姆和某一个女孩相亲的精力，对他的个人魅力以及是否受女孩欢迎并未提 及。第22题【单项选择题】2009.04 She everything else and concentrated on the task before her.A、set offB、set

6、backC、set asideD、set up【正确答案】c【答案解析】译文：她把其他事情都放到一边，集中精力于她面前的任务。试题 分析：此题考查短语意义辨析。国详细解答：A出发、动身；B把（某物）置于 之后、延迟；C撇开、取消、废除；D建立、提出。第23题【单项选择题】102009.10 The traffic was held up for more than thirty minutes,caused me to arrive late.A、itB、 thatC、whatD、which【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查非限制性定语从句。整句话的意思是：交通阻塞30多分 钟，这使得我到达晚

7、了。第24题【单项选择题】阅读选择In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks?A、Unequal access to medical care.B、 Grea

8、ter probability of having other diseases.C、 Differences in the biology of the cancer.D、Early diagnosis.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段指出 blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, 与D项内容是相反的，因此选D。第25题【单项选择题】【填句补文】“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements/ says Alb

9、ert Galy from the University of Cambridge.A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table （元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.B、 The traditional periodic table was well drawn.11C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates/D But he has added contour lines to char

10、ge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正确答案】c【答案解析】这一段是剑桥大学的Albert Galy的原话，我们可以从引导整个关键 点得出答案。即：“地学化学家们只想通过直觉判断元素的活动。我想等高线对 学生们有好处第26题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors

11、of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either

12、capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to

13、 the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?A、 GNP equals national income plus indirect

14、 business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D12【答案解析】此题的依

15、据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第27题【单项选择题】2010.04 By the end of next year the bridge.A、is to completeB、has been completedC、will be completedD will have been completed【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】到明年年底之前，这座桥修

16、建将完成。【试题分析】此题 考查语法。【详细解答】动词时态。by the end of到.时为止；在之前。将来 完成时态，用于表达在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作。第28题【单项选择题】2008.04 The government finally all the documents relating to the war.A、releasedB、specializedC、realizedD、 supposed【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查动词意义区分。A”公开发表、公布或发布（新闻） B专 门从事、专攻 C意识到、领悟 D假定、猜测。整句话的意思是：政府最 终公布了与这场战争有关的全部文件。

17、第29题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive 13clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to c

18、ause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to.A、the persistence of heavy metalsB、industrially polluted soilsC、naturally polluted soilsD rock and soil chemistry【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段提到：受到污染的土壤含有重金属，而且重金属很稳定，不容 易降解，所以要对重金属进行彻底的清除

19、。答案选择A。第30题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （长 柄勺）. Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south whil

20、e the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great di

21、stances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a ladle with them.When did the Chinese invent the compass?A、In 1492.B、 In the thirteen century A.D.C In A.D. 80.D、At least 2000 years ago.【正确答案】D【答案解析】 本段中 Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working co

22、mpass.直接告诉我们中国创造指南针的时间。14第31题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.

23、 Many children do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural co

24、untry with a high birth rate. After World War0, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the worlds lowest.In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family.A、can be an advantageB、may limit incomeC、

25、isnt necessaryD、is expensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选 A。对照本段 In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A,成为一个优势，答 案是A。第32题【单项选择题】2008.04 The government finally all the documents relating to the war.A、releasedB、specializedC、realizedD、 supposed【正确答案】A15【答案解析】此题考查动词意义

26、区分。A 公开发表、公布或发布（新闻） B专 门从事、专攻 C意识到、领悟 D假定、猜测。整句话的意思是：政府最 终公布了与这场战争有关的全部文件。第33题【单项选择题】【2009.7 He would that all the classified data should be kept safe when inoffice.A、assureB、 ensureC、insureD secure【正确答案】B【答案解析】【译文】他保证在办公室里的所有机密数据处于平安状态。【试题分 析】动词意义区分题。【详细解答】A使确信，使有信心；B确保（某事）发生， 担保；C为投保，给保险；D平安的，没有危险

27、的第34题【单项选择题】阅读选择But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is - remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the

28、world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water byA、 heating it up.B、 treating it with chemicals.C、 taking salt out of it.D、 drying it up.【正确答案】c【答案解析】海水之所以不能饮用就是因为它是咸的。答题依据是本段的remove the salt BP take salt out。16第35题【单项选择题】The room is in a terrible; it cant have been cleaned

29、.A、messB、 greatC、 goodD、disaster【正确答案】A【答案解析】题目意思：房间里乱七八糟，一定没清扫过。这句话是否认的猜测， 根据后文可知答案选A.第36题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发）of ancient volcanoes 山）.Others are low-

30、lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?C、 Theyre like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D、 But life on the Cari

31、bbean Islands is not always paradise.【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西 洋的其他局部分开。答案是C,因为它的第一个词是叮hey,该词指The Caribbean Islands；而且在语义上也有很好的衔接。第37题【单项选择题】【I闻读半U断】Finally, though a childs teachers may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and person

32、al. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Q: So far as language teaching is concerned, 17the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。文章讲虽然儿童习得母语的教师可能没

33、有受过专门的 语言教学的训练，但与他的关系却是亲密的、个人化的。但是作者并没有提到在 语言学习中，教师与学生密切的个人关系比教师接受专门的语言教学训练更重要。第38题【单项选择题】【填句补文】It,s now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. However, peopl

34、e who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.A、Theres more pressure to get married nowadays.B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C、 It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.D

35、、More and more Americans are living alone.【正确答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到经济独立有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的 妇女有好的工作，增加了单身的人数与前句内容正好呼应。第39题【单项选择题】【2009.7 The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well.A、nourishedB、stuffedC、tamed18D、ventured【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查过去分词意义区分。译文：如果受伤的战士营养很好，他 们就会很快痊愈。A营养，滋养；B填满，塞满；C驯服（猛兽

36、）；D冒险第40题【单项选择题】2009.01 You should help them when your friends quarrel with each other.A、come into sightB、come to termsC、come into playD、come to power【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查短语的习惯用法。句意：当你的朋友吵架时，你应当帮助 他们协调一下。come into或come to都表示进入（某种状态）。A映入眼帘； B.达成协议，妥协；C开始运作；D.上台，开始掌权。第41题【单项选择题】2010.04）What her grandfathe

37、r said left a impression on her mind. She stillremembers it.A、finalB、 vagueC、 deepD main【正确答案】c【答案解析】译文：她爷爷说的事情给她留下深刻的印象，她仍然还记得。此题 考查词汇。形容词意义区分题。final最终的，vague模糊的，deep深的，main 主要的。第42题【单项选择题】19【答案解析】deserving of：应受到，值得第3题【单项选择题】2008.04 The cloth had a natural look which perfectly the image Laurasough

38、t.A、turned outB、set downC、thought overD、coincided with【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义辨析。这块布料看起来很自然，与劳拉寻找的样 式完全相符。A.关闭；B.制定、放下；D.与相同、与.相符。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读选择 Jwhen I graduated from high school, my family had a business so I never thought about getting a college degree. I went straight from my high school graduatio

39、n to work for my father. After 24 years of ups and downs (mostly downs), I decided that I wanted to return to school and earn a degree in Business Administration.Why didnt the author go on with education after graduating from high school?A、 To help her father with business.B、 To escape from school l

40、ife.C、 To experience social life early.D、To achieve her dream.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。该题目主要考查考生对文章主人公相关细 节的了解。根据题干内容，此细节定位于文章本段讲述自己高中毕业后经历的部 分。文中讲到当我高中毕业时，爸爸正在做生意。所以我压根没有考虑过继续 获得大学学位的事情，毕业后直接转向为爸爸工作可判断A选项与原文句意2【2009.7 The judge who was to his favorite was criticized by many people.A、partialB、fairC、s

41、trictD、frank【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词的意义区分。此题句意为：许多人批评了偏袒他自 己喜爱（球队或球员）的那个裁判员。A偏袒的，不公平的；B公正的；C严 格的，严厉的；D坦率的。第43题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown before running for the presidency.A、visiblyB、visuallyC、verticallyD virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人士。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立地 D

42、实际上，事实上第44题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of enviro

43、nment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of20 this paragraph is.A、Main Res

44、ults of Recent ResearchesB、Popular Doubt about the New ViewC、Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD、Impact on School Education【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段提出了一个新的对智力的认识，与过去一些年的传统的把智力 看做是一种不变的能力的这种理解不同，它主张智力和人的成长环境有关。因此 选择Co第45题【单项选择题】概括大意They always complained （抱怨） more or less justly, that their parents are out

45、of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain problems and the lack of sense of humor in dealing

46、 with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young people/s mind in following ways.B、It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the

47、 misunderstanding between them.C、 There are so many criticism to their parents among the young people.D、 Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.【正确答案】c答案解析1此题段落中的各句列举了年轻人都抱怨其父母些什么，谈的是what are the criticisms?的问题因此选择Co第46题【单项选择题】2010.04 In order to follow fashions, the girl

48、 has to great discomforts.21A、catch up withB、put up withC、keep up withD、fall in with【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查短语辨析。【译文】为了跟随时尚，这个女孩不得不忍受 极度地不舒适。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，赶上。keep up with： 和保持联系。fall in with：偶然遇到，赞同。第47题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only.A、aggressionB、advantageC alternative D a