中考英语完型填空解题技巧及实例课件.ppt
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1、WWE EL LC COOMME E T TOO Y YA AN NGGJ JI IA AP PI IN NGG MMI ID DD DL LE E S SC CHHOOOOL LTeacher:ChenJianhuaCLOZE TEST Summary of cloze tests题型概述解题步骤及思路点拨 The steps and skills of doing cloze testsPractising several passages实例讲析Summary of cloze tests 题 型 概 述 “完型填空完型填空”题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词（或题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词（
2、或短语），每个空白处提供四个选项，要求从中选出短语），每个空白处提供四个选项，要求从中选出一个最佳答案，使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语一个最佳答案，使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语法错误。该题旨在测试考生综合运用语言知识的能法错误。该题旨在测试考生综合运用语言知识的能力。在中考中占力。在中考中占25分，每小题分，每小题1分。分。从考查的内容上看，该题可分为四类：文意型、从考查的内容上看，该题可分为四类：文意型、语法型、词义型和习惯用法型。语法型、词义型和习惯用法型。答案的选择较多地受到短文大意的影响答案的选择较多地受到短文大意的影响 必须在选择答案之前通读短文，抓住其关键必须在选择答案之前通读短
3、文，抓住其关键 词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助 语境来选择最佳答案。有的时候，这种题型语境来选择最佳答案。有的时候，这种题型文文 意意 型型 还需要用相关的常识进行推理判断。还需要用相关的常识进行推理判断。以考查语法为目的而设置的空白。解答这以考查语法为目的而设置的空白。解答这 类题需要根据词与词、句与句之间的关系来类题需要根据词与词、句与句之间的关系来判断各种时态和语态的运用，动词及其短语判断各种时态和语态的运用，动词及其短语 的搭配和用法等。一般地说，考查的语法以的搭配和用法等。一般地说，考查的语法以 语语 法法 型型实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结
4、构。实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。根根 据据 同同 义义 词词 或或 近近 义义 词词 的的 用用 法法区区 别别 而而 设设 置置 的的 题题 目目，有有 时时 也也 借借 助助上上 下下 文文 意意 思思 及及 结结 构构 考考 查查 形形 容容 词词、副副 词词、代代 词词 和和 连连 词词 的的 使使 用用 等等。词词 义义 型型 根根 据据 词词 语语 的的 习习 惯惯 用用 法法、固、固 定定 句句 型型 的的 搭搭 配配 以以 及及 英英 语语 特特 有有 的的习习 惯惯 作作 出出 判判 断断 的的 题题 目目。习 惯 用 法 型 近三年中考完型填空题分析表近三年中考完型填空题
5、分析表文意型文意型语法型语法型词义型词义型习惯用习惯用法型法型2004年年9个小题个小题2个小题个小题3个小题个小题1个小题个小题2005年年9个小题个小题2个小题个小题3个小题个小题1个小题个小题2006年年10个小题个小题1个小题个小题3个小题个小题1个小题个小题类型类型时间时间 The steps and skills of doing cloze tests 解题步骤及思路点拨通读全文，了解大意通读全文，了解大意 仔细推敲，初定答案仔细推敲，初定答案重读全文，核实答案重读全文，核实答案 做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不
6、可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿为了在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿为了“省时省时”而边看边选，否则，而边看边选，否则，欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，举棋不定，这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。非懂，举棋不定，这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。每篇短文
7、总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然能承上启下，每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然能承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体。前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可以置之不理；如果与答案有关，可到第二步选择时再琢磨解决。以置之不理；如果与答案有关，可到第二步选择时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们另外，在阅
8、读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。的中心议题。通读全文之后，把握住了整个短文的意思，接下来便是从通读全文之后，把握住了整个短文的意思，接下来便是从整体出发，联系上下文，前后贯通，结合词形、词义、时态、整体出发，联系上下文，前后贯通，结合词形、词义、时态、语态选出一个正确的选项。遇到难以理解的句子或者对某一项语态选出一个正确的选项。遇到难以理解的句子或者对某一项没有把握时，可采用排除、筛选等方法。结合上下文，看语句没有把握时，可采用排除、筛选等方法。结合上下文，看语句
9、是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否合乎逻辑，逐一将干扰项予以是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否合乎逻辑，逐一将干扰项予以排除，从而可确定答案。这可从以下几个方面入手。排除，从而可确定答案。这可从以下几个方面入手。（1）根据上下文确定答案）根据上下文确定答案（2）根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案）根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案（3）运用逻辑推理判定答案）运用逻辑推理判定答案（4）根据词语用法确定答案）根据词语用法确定答案文意型文意型语法型语法型词义型词义型习惯用法型习惯用法型B A C K There were so many people on the bus that there were 1 empty s
10、eats.When a young man got on,an old man near him wanted to 2 ,but the young man pushed him back to his seat.“Thank you,”he said,“but please dont do that,I can stand.”1.A.many B.some C.enough D.no （）2.A.sit down B.get on C.set out D.stand up （）文意型文意型文意型文意型B A C K Its Sunday.Some students are going 1
11、a trip with their teacher.2 their way they saw a bus behind them1.A.to B.for C.on D.at（）2.A.On B.By C.At D.To（）习惯用法型习惯用法型习惯用法型习惯用法型B A C K Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning.Now the sun was about to set.He was tired and hungry.He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long b
12、ehind him.He had to look for a place for the night.1.A.east B.west C.south D.north(）Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning.Now the sun was about to set.He was tired and hungry.He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him.He had to look for a place for the night.1.A.
13、east B.west C.south D.north（）Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning.Now the sun was about to set.He was tired and hungry.He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him.He had to look for a place for the night.1.A.east B.west C.south D.north（）shadowN Mr Brown began to
14、walk at eight in the morning.Now the sun was about to set.He was tired and hungry.He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him.He had to look for a place for the night.1.A.east B.west C.south D.north（）shadowN Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning.Now the sun was ab
15、out to set.He was tired and hungry.He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him.He had to look for a place for the night.1.A.east B.west C.south D.north（）文意型文意型B A C K 1.A.wore B.had on C.dressed D.put on （）A little cock lived near the river.One morningthe little cock 1 his
16、 beautiful clothes andwent for a walk by the river.On his way he meta little duck.词义型词义型B A C K 所有的答案选出之后，应再读全文，对所选的答案进行核所有的答案选出之后，应再读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。经过第二步逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解更为深实调整。经过第二步逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解更为深刻。这时，如果再重读全文，第二步时有些难解或误解的问题刻。这时，如果再重读全文，第二步时有些难解或误解的问题就很容易暴露出来，从而也能得到更好的解决。这一步费时不就很容易暴露出来，从而也能得到更好的解
17、决。这一步费时不多却至关重要，切记不可等闲视之，掉以轻心。多却至关重要，切记不可等闲视之，掉以轻心。这种验证主要从以下几方面进行：这种验证主要从以下几方面进行：1、单词、短语与句子成分搭配是否恰当，如关联词的搭配，、单词、短语与句子成分搭配是否恰当，如关联词的搭配，句子的结构类型等；句子的结构类型等；2、时态和语态是否正确；、时态和语态是否正确；3、习惯用法和固定搭配是否有误；、习惯用法和固定搭配是否有误；4、词形变化是否正确。如名词的可数与不可数，单、复数和、词形变化是否正确。如名词的可数与不可数，单、复数和 名词所有格；形容词、副词的比较等级；动词的各种形式等。名词所有格；形容词、副词的比
18、较等级；动词的各种形式等。应注意句中所空单词的句子成分、词的类别，以及上下文的意应注意句中所空单词的句子成分、词的类别，以及上下文的意思联系。思联系。B A C K实 例 讲 析Practising several passagesStep 1 Reading through the passage quickly Try to get the general idea of the passage,pay special attention to the first sentenceor the last one,maybe it showsthe main idea of the pass
19、age.COMPUTER GAMES In these years,computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns.A lot of small shopsalong busy 1 have changed into 2 game houses inorder to get more money.These places are always crowded with 3 especially(特别特别)young boys.In the computer game houses,people
20、4 a lot of money competing(竞赛竞赛)with the machines.Its 5 for one to win a computer,but onecan make progress(进步进步)after 6 again and again.People have a kind of gambling psychology(赌博心理赌博心理)when they play computer games.The more they 7 ,the more they want to win.For school boys,they have no 8 for their
21、 lessons.When class is over,they run to the nearby computer game houses.Some of them can get enough money from their parents.But some of them are not 9 enough to get themoney.They begin to take away other students money and 10 thieves(小偷小偷).Step 2 Choosing the best choice for each blank while readin
22、g the passage In these years,computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns.A lot of small shopsalong busy 1 have changed into 2 game houses inorder to get more money.These places are always crowded with 3 especially(特别特别)young boys.In the computer game houses,people 4 a l
23、ot of money competing(竞赛竞赛)with the machines.Its 5 for one to win a computer,but onecan make progress(进步进步)after 6 again and again.People have a kind of gambling psychology(赌博心理赌博心理)when they play computer games.The more they 7 ,the more they want to win.For school boys,they have no 8 for their less
24、ons.When class is over,they run to the nearby computer game houses.Some of them can get enough money from their parents.But some of them are not 9 enough to get themoney.They begin to take away other students money and 10 thieves(小偷小偷).1.rivers cities villages streets In these years,computer games h
25、ave become more and more popular in many cities and towns.A lot of small shopsalong busy streets have changed into 2 game houses inorder to get more money.These places are always crowded with 3 especially(特别特别)young boys.In the computer game houses,people 4 a lot of money competing(竞赛竞赛)with the mac
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