初中英语阅读理解解题技巧资料.ppt

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1、Reading Comprehension 第一页，共47页。1.Tolearnthefourtypesofquestionsinreadingcomprehension2.Tolearntheskills,methodsandstepstodoreadingcomprehension.3.Toimprovetheabilitiesofreadingcomprehension.Learning aims 第二页，共47页。预学探标预学探标Pre-task (Check preview work)1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecorationart

2、inYangzhou?A.IntheSuiDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花开花B.繁茂繁茂C.凋谢凋谢D.发芽发芽(fy)3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofeconomyC.Chi

3、nesegovernmentshighvalue（重视）（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting第三页，共47页。预学探标预学探标Pre-task (Check preview work)1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecora

4、tionartinYangzhou?A.IntheSuiDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花开花B.繁茂繁茂C.凋谢凋谢D.发芽发芽(fy)3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofecono

5、myC.Chinesegovernmentshighvalue（重视）（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding

6、 out main ideas 细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details第四页，共47页。1细节(xji)理解题此类考题一般在文章中都能找到相对应的答案。主要(zhyo)提问方式(fngsh)有：(1)Which of the following is TRUE(NOT true)?(2)Which of the following is not mentioned?(3)From the first(second/third.)paragraph we know that_.第五页，共47页。Task1 looking for details（细节细节(xji)理解）理解

7、）互学析标互学析标While-Task Last weekend,the four members of my family spent an Last weekend,the four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom-Disneyland.And enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom-Disneyland.And one event made our visit seem truly magical.one event made our visit

8、 seem truly magical.We got to the front of the line at Space Mountain,We got to the front of the line at Space Mountain,only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldnt only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride.We were so excited that we take her

9、 ice-cream on the ride.We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.1 1.The familys visit to the Magic Kingdom was_.The familys visit to the Magic Kingdom was_.A)helpful B)awful C)frightening D)amazingA)helpful B)awful C

10、)frightening D)amazing2 2.Before the ride,Gloria cried because _.Before the ride,Gloria cried because _.A)she couldnt find her parents in the line A)she couldnt find her parents in the line B)she was too little to take the ride B)she was too little to take the ride C)she couldnt take her ice-cream o

11、n the ride C)she couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride D)she had to wait for twenty minutes D)she had to wait for twenty minutes 第六页，共47页。技巧(jqio)点拨：这类题目有两个特点：(1)凡是针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为(zuwi)验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式与题设不同。(2)干扰项往往(wngwng)是真假细节混杂，甚至相关细节和无关细节混杂。解答此类

12、试题，首先要弄清题目和每个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示。当答案难以确定时，还可辅以排除法。第七页，共47页。例例:79.No one wants to listen to_ from othersMP3 players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong解析(ji x):第二段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalso be badforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择A 第八页，共47页。80

13、.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.A)isnotenjoyable B)makesustired C)isbadforMP3players D)hurtsourears解析】根据(gnj)第二段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D第九页，共47页。82.Wecantakeonceearphone

14、outwhenwe_A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指(zhngzh)的是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A第十页，共47页。1.On February 9th,2013,Sarah Darling was walking along the street when she m

15、et a homeless man named Billy Ray Harris.She reached into her change purse,emptied out of all the coins he had and gave them to the homeless man Sarah didnt realize that she had given Billy not only all her change but also her diamond ring that she had put in her change purse until the following mor

16、ning When did Sarah realize that she had also given Billy her diamond ring?A.On February 9th,2013 B.On February 10th,2013 C.On February 18th,2013 D.On February 22nd,2013互学析标互学析标While-Task 第十一页，共47页。常见(chn jin)提问方式有：1.The word in the passage means2.Whats the meaning of the underlined word?3.What does

17、 the underlined word mean?Task2 Guessing the meaning(词义词义(c y)猜猜测测)互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 finding out main ideas 第十二页，共47页。第十三页，共47页。2词义(c y)猜测题此类考题要求考生(koshng)根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。主要(zhyo)提

18、问方式有：(1)The underlined word“.”in the passage(most probably)means _.(2)The underlined word in the first (second/third.)paragraph refers to _.(3)What does the underlined word“.”mean?第十四页，共47页。技巧点拨：常见的猜词方法有：(1)通过(tnggu)定义、释义猜测词义第十五页，共47页。(3)通过生活常识(chngsh)猜测词义第十六页，共47页。如：Lisa let the hairdresser“trim”he

19、r hair a bit because it grew toolong.根据 because 从句所讲的意思，我们可推测(tuc)trim 就是之意。(5)通过(tnggu)构词法猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识，知道(zh do)词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。如：The journey to Hawaii this summer is“unforgettable.利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词 forget，我们可以知道unforgettable 就是 的意思。修剪修剪难以忘怀的难以忘怀的第十七页，共47页。A,胸无点墨的 B,毫无兴趣(xngq)的 C,寡言少语的 D

20、，无话可说的第十八页，共47页。A,陌生人 B,行人(xngrn)C,故人 D,古代人第十九页，共47页。(6)根据(gnj)列举的事例猜测词义第二十页，共47页。1.Aefrompoorcountries.3.A.环环境境B.资资源源C.汽油汽油4.2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.5.A.帽子帽子B.雨鞋雨鞋C.眼眼镜镜(ynjng)6.3.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwasfaint.7.A.明亮明亮B.昏暗昏暗C.灿烂灿烂8.4.Tomisverypolite,buthisbrotherisquit

21、erash.9.A.礼貌礼貌B.谦谦虚虚C.粗粗鲁鲁Have a try:choose the best answers 互学析标互学析标While-Task 第二十一页，共47页。Example:TodaywasaveryhecticdayformeIwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothesIdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytiredA.焦急的焦急的B.忙碌的忙碌的C.悠悠闲闲(yuxin)的的D.快快乐乐的的Tas

22、k2 Guessing the meaning(词义词义(c y)猜猜测测)互学析标互学析标While-Task 第二十二页，共47页。I spent about one hour walking around the city to look for Bus No.32.The tricycle(三轮车)was nice,but it was a little too expensive for a small distance.Maybe I was ripped off by the guide who rode for me,but it was an enjoyable.The un

23、derlined phrase“ripped off”means_ A.优惠 B.退款(tu kun)C.骗钱 D.免费 互学析标互学析标While-Task 第二十三页，共47页。Task3 Inferring a conclusion（推理（推理(tul)判断）判断）互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 finding out main ideas 第二十四页，共47

24、页。3推理(tul)判断题这类题要求考生透过表面文字信息推测文字的隐含意思，对文章的发展情节及作者态度、意图等作出合乎逻辑的推理判断。它主要考查考生依据(yj)图表、短文内容及常识进行推理和判断的能力。主要提问方式有：(1)What can we know according to the passage?(2)We can guess the writer of the passage may be a_.(3)From the passage we can know _.(4)The writer writes this passage to _.(5)The writer suggest

25、s that _.第二十五页，共47页。技巧点拨：解答此类题目时，考生要在阅读时抓住文章的主题和细节，从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分(chngfn)挖掘文章的深层含义，对暗含在文章中的事件的因果关系、人物动机以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时，要善于抓住文章中实质性的东西，不要被表面的假象或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并注意在推断作者态度时力求从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。第二十六页，共47页。在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门，见习警员走在大街上，突然听到一个女子大喊：“有人打劫啦!”见习警员刚一回身，就见

26、一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去，但是这贼跑得飞快(fikui)，警员追了八条街之后没影了。后来警员在一家商铺前看到了四个人，根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中，请你猜一猜谁是？A,正在闲暇百无聊赖抽烟的人B,正在手机通话的人C,正在聚精会神看报纸的人D,正在狼吞虎咽吃拉面的人第二十七页，共47页。D D第二十八页，共47页。你能列举一些常见的提问(twn)方式吗？It can be inferred from the passage that_.We can infer from the text that_.From the text we know that _.What does the

27、 writer mean?What does the story tell us?Task3 Inferring a conclusion（推理（推理(tul)判断）判断）互学析标互学析标While-Task Group work 第二十九页，共47页。A,cruellyB,kindlyC,fairlyD,unfriendly第三十页，共47页。A,positive(A,positive(肯定的）肯定的）B,neutral B,neutral（中立（中立(zhngl)(zhngl)的）的）C,negativeC,negative（否定的）（否定的）D,nervous D,nervous（紧张的

28、）（紧张的）第三十一页，共47页。此类问题(wnt)常见的提问方式 1)Which is the best title of the passage?2)This passage mainly talks about_.3)Whats the main idea of the paragraph or passage?2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding out main ideas Task

29、4:Finding out the main idea(主旨主旨(zhzh)大意大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task 第三十二页，共47页。4主旨(zhzh)大意题此类考题多针对段落或短文的主题(zht)或标题来设题。主要提问方式(fngsh)有：(1)Which is the best title of the passage?(2)Whats the main idea of the passage?(3)This passage mainly talks about _.第三十三页，共47页。主题句一般具有(jyu)三个特点：(1)表述(bio sh)的意思比较概括，相对其他句子来

30、看，它的概括性更为(n wi)明显。(2)句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。(3)段落中的其他句子起到解释支撑主题句的作用。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的出现情况有以下三种：(1)主题句在篇首或段首主题句在篇首或段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述后分述的方法。第三十四页，共47页。(2)主题句在篇末或段末用归纳(gun)法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概括性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于篇末或段末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结、归纳(gun)或概括。第三十五页，共47页。(3)无主题(zht)句 有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句，需从文

31、章出提炼、总结出文章的主题。常用技巧是首先找出每一段的中心意思。各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开(zhn ki)的，或者是来说明一个问题的，这个中心或问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。第三十六页，共47页。Example 1 Smoking is harmful to your health.Experiments show that smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious illness,smoking can also cause other health problems.Finally,studies have sho

32、wn it is easy for smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Task4:finding out the main idea(主旨主旨(zhzh)大意大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task 第三十七页，共47页。Example 2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look

33、more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.Task4:finding out the main idea(主旨主旨(zhzh)大意大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task 第三十八页，共47页。Task4:finding out the main idea

34、(主旨主旨(zhzh)大意大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task A A,第三十九页，共47页。1.Gifts giving is different in different countries.In Japan,gifts are not opened.Later,the same gift may be given away to someone else.In Canada,many people will not give big gifts to someone else.They will pay for a park bench or a tree to help reme

35、mber a person.In the USA,some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.In Sweden,doing something for someone is the best gift.互学析标互学析标While-Task Thispassageismainlyabout_A.InCanada,manypeoplewillnotgivebiggiftstosomeoneelse.B.InJapan,giftsarenotopened

36、C.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.D.Giftsgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.第四十页，共47页。互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.Growing mushrooms(蘑菇(m gu)is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you are new to mushroom growing.It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to creat

37、e more dishes that include mushrooms.Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to started in the world of farming.You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world.The best

38、title of the passage is _A.Healthy mushrooms B.The value of mushroomsC.How to choose mushrooms D.Suggestions on growing mushrooms 第四十一页，共47页。1.速读问题速读问题(wnt)3.通读通读(tn d)文章文章2.寻找寻找(xnzho)答答案案逆向解题法逆向解题法4.核对答案核对答案1.通读通读文章文章3.寻找答案寻找答案2.速读速读问题问题4.核对答案核对答案正向解题法正向解题法促学化标促学化标While-Task Discussion:Do you know

39、 the steps to do reading comprehension?第四十二页，共47页。促学化标促学化标While-Task AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-stoptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,2009.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇快艇(kuitng).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmountains,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanre

40、alizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.wintheworldsadmirationD.proveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams第四十三页，共47页。促学化标促学化标While-Task AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-stoptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,200

41、9.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇快艇(kuitng).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmountains,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.wintheworldsadmirationD.proveyoungpe

42、oplecanrealizetheirdreams第四十四页，共47页。A Youprobablyknowyoushouldsaypleaseandthankyouatrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbenicetoyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearound

43、youcanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecanthearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh.第四十五页，共47页。

44、TakeThemOff!Youneedtoknowwhentoturn yourMP3playeroffandputitaway.LibrariesandschoolsdontallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdonthaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesntmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportin

45、gevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.第四十六页，共47页。TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileitsokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodo

46、thiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneanditsnotforyou.ItsYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.第四十七页，共47页。