美国课件5历史3.ppt

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1、美国课件5历史3 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望AimsvGettoknowthegeneralhistoryofUSvGettoknowthespecificandsignificanteventsofUShistoryvGettoknowtheimportanthistoricalfiguresvInformationaboutAmericanCivilWarvReviewThe Gettysburg AddressvFivescoreyear

2、sago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProcla-mation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofbadcaptivity.Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostill

3、isnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietya

4、ndfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowevecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.v(I have a dreamMartinLutherKing)First World WarvAmajorwarcenteredonEuropethatbeganinthesummerof1914.vThisconflictinvolvedalloftheworldsgreatpowers,assembledintwoopposingalliances:theAllies(centeredaroundtheTripleEnte

5、nte-France,Britain,Russia)andtheCentralPowers-Germany,Italy,Austria-Hungary.vTheassassinationon28June1914ofArchdukeFranzFerdinandofAustria,theheirtothethroneofAustria-Hungary,wastheproximatetriggerofthewar.vLong-termcauses,suchasimperialisticforeignpoliciesofthegreatpowersofEurope,suchastheGermanEmp

6、ire,theAustro-HungarianEmpire,theOttomanEmpire,theRussianEmpire,theBritishEmpire,France,andItaly,playedamajorrole.World War IvAttheoutbreakofWorldWarIin1914,theUnitedStatesremainedneutral.MostAmericanssympathizedwiththeBritishandFrench,althoughmanyopposedintervention.vIn1917,theUnitedStatesjoinedthe

7、Allies,turningthetideagainsttheCentralPowers.World War IvAfterthewar,theSenatedidnotratifytheTreaty of Versailles,whichestablishedtheLeagueofNations.Thecountrypursuedapolicyofunilateralism,vergingonisolationism.Great DepressionvTheprosperityoftheRoaringTwentiesendedwiththeWallStreetCrashof1929thattr

8、iggeredtheGreatDepression.vAfterhiselectionaspresidentin1932,FranklinD.RooseveltrespondedwiththeNewDeal,arangeofpoliciesincreasinggovernmentinterventionintheeconomy.vThe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideec

9、onomiccrisisandworldwar.vFDRscombinationofoptimismandactivismcontributedtorevivingthenationalspirit.WorkingcloselywithWinstonChurchillandJosephStalininleadingtheAlliesagainstGermanyandJapaninWorldWarII,hediedjustasvictorywasinsight.1882-1945World War IIvAglobalmilitaryconflictlastingfrom1939to1945,w

10、hichinvolvedmostoftheworldsnations,includingallofthegreatpowers:eventuallyformingtwoopposingmilitaryalliances,theAlliesandtheAxis.vThemostwidespreadwarinhistory,withmorethan100millionmilitarypersonnelmobilized.vTheUnitedStates,effectivelyneutralduringWorldWarIIsearlystagesafterNaziGermanysinvasionof

11、PolandinSeptember1939,begansupplyingmaterieltotheAlliesinMarch1941.vOnDecember7,1941,theUnitedStatesjoinedtheAlliesagainsttheAxispowersafterasurpriseattackonPearlHarborbyJapan.World War IIvAsvictorywaswoninEurope,a1945internationalconferenceheldinSanFranciscoproducedtheUnitedNationsCharter,whichbeca

12、meactiveafterthewar.vTheUnitedStates,usedatomicbombsontheJapanesecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasakiinAugust.JapansurrenderedonSeptember2,endingthewar.ColdWarvTheUnitedStatesandSovietUnionjockeyedforpowerafterWorldWarIIduringtheColdWar,dominatingthemilitaryaffairsofEuropethroughNATOandtheWarsawPact.vTheUni

13、tedStatespromotedliberaldemocracyandcapitalism,whiletheSovietUnionpromotedcommunismandacentrallyplannedeconomy.ColdWarvAmericantroopsfoughtCommunistforcesintheKoreanWarof195053.vSenatorJosephMcCarthybecamethefigureheadofanticommunistsentiment.TheBerlinWarvThe 1961 Soviet launch of the first manned s

14、paceflight prompted President John F.Kennedys call for the United States to be first to land a man on the moon,“achieved in 1969.ProtestpoliticsvAgrowingcivilrightsmovement,ledbyAfricanAmericanssuchasRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,foughtsegregationanddiscrimination.vFollowingKennedysassassinationi

15、n1963,theCivilRightsActof1964andVotingRightsActof1965werepassedunderPresidentLyndonB.Johnson.Johnsonandhissuccessor,RichardNixon,expandedawarinSoutheastAsiaintotheunsuccessfulVietnamWar.vAwidespreadcounterculturalmovementgrew,fueledbyoppositiontothewar,blacknationalism,andthesexualrevolution.MartinL

16、utherKing,Jr.I Have a Dreamdelivered28August1963,attheLincolnMemorial,WashingtonD.C.ColdWarandprotestpoliticsvAsaresultoftheWatergatescandal,in1974NixonbecamethefirstU.S.presidenttoresign,hewassucceededbyVicePresidentGeraldFord.vTheJimmyCarteradministrationofthelate1970swasmarkedbystagflation.vTheel

17、ectionofRonaldReaganaspresidentin1980heraldedasignificantrightwardshiftinAmericanpolitics.HissecondterminofficebroughtsignificantdiplomaticprogresswiththeSovietUnion.ThesubsequentSovietcollapseendedtheColdWar.Contemporary eravTheleadershiproletakenbytheUnitedStatesanditsalliesintheUNsanctionedGulfWa

18、r,underPresidentGeorgeH.W.Bush,andtheYugoslavwars,underPresidentBillClinton,helpedtopreserveitspositionasasuperpower.vAcivillawsuitandsexualscandalledtoClintonsimpeachmentin1998,butheremainedinoffice.The2000presidentialelection,oneoftheclosestinU.S.history,GeorgeW.Bush,sonofGeorgeH.W.Bush,becamepres

19、ident.Contemporary eravOnSeptember11,2001,al-QaedaterroristsstrucktheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandThePentagonnearWashington,D.C.,killingnearlythreethousandpeople.vInlate2001,U.S.forcesledaninvasionofAfghanistan,removingtheTalibangovernmentandal-Qaedatrainingcamps.Contemporary eravIn2002,theBushad

20、ministrationpressedforregimechangeinIraq.LackingthesupportofNATOoranexplicitUNmandateformilitaryintervention,BushorganizedaCoalitionoftheWillingandpreemptivelyinvadedIraqin2003.vOnNovember4,2008,amidamajoreconomiccrisis,thecountryelectedBarackObamaaspresident.WhenhewasinauguratedonJanuary20,2009,hehadbecomethefirstAfricanAmericantoholdtheoffice.AssignmentvSelectoneinauguraladdressgivenbyAmericanpresidentsandtrytoreciteit.vReviewMartinLutherKingsfamousspeech“Ihaveadream”.