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1、动名词作主语动名词作主语(zhy)和宾语和宾语Grammar第一页,共38页。一 动名词Grammar第二页,共38页。动词动词(dngc)的的-ing现在现在(xinzi)分词分词 动名词动名词在句中可以做:在句中可以做:主语,表语,宾语,主语,表语,宾语,补语补语(by),定语和状,定语和状语语千万要注意千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟!形式的规则哟!不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一:简介一:简介 v+ing 第三页,共38页。时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类
2、 别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done第四页,共38页。功能功能(gngnng)及用法及用法(作主语作主语)1)学习学习(xux)新单词对我来说非常重要。新单词对我来说非常重要。_ is very important for me2)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3)和夏洛克争辩和夏洛克争辩(zhngbin)是没有什么用的。是没
3、有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主语用形式主语it,把真正的主语,把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词词,如如useful,useless,good,fun;no use,a waste of等。等。如:如:动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1作主语作主语.动名词作主语时,句子有三种形式:动名词作主语时,句子有三种形式:第五页,共38页。1)这种事开不得玩笑
4、。这种事开不得玩笑。Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么无法知道他什么(shn me)时候离开。时候离开。There was _ when he would leave.功能及用法功能及用法(yn f)(作主语作主语)no jokingno knowing在在there be结构结构(jigu)中作主语,这种结构中作主语,这种结构(jigu)的意思相当于的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”如如 There is no doing:第六页,共38页。v我们不知道我们不知道(zh do)要去哪儿。要去哪儿。vThere was no k
5、nowing where we would go.v做这件傻事毫无意义。做这件傻事毫无意义。v_注意:注意:There is no need to do sth 干干没必要,在此句式中没必要,在此句式中to do 不可不可(bk)换为换为doing.没有必要告诉她。没有必要告诉她。_而在而在Its important /Its necessary /Its advisable /Its essential /Its fitting 这类句型这类句型(j xn)中,只能用中,只能用不定式,如:不定式,如:Its important to learn foreign languages.Its q
6、uite necessary to read it many times.There is no point doing such a silly thing.There is no need to tell her.二、功能及用法二、功能及用法(作主语作主语)第七页,共38页。用用-ing-ing形式作主语的句型有:形式作主语的句型有:It+be+a waste of time doing It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没
7、用处的是没用处的 It is useless/no use It is useless/no use做做是没用处的是没用处的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得是值得(zh d)(zh d)的的There is no doing There is no doing 无法无法,不允许不允许There is no sense/no point in doing There is no sense/no point in doing 做做没有道理没有道理/意义意义第八页,共38页。提示:当动名词
8、提示:当动名词(mng c)用作主语时,其逻辑主语用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词由形容词性物主代词和名词(mng c)所有格构成。所有格构成。动名词动名词(mng c)复合结构复合结构 1)我姐姐病了,使我很担心。我姐姐病了,使我很担心。My sisters being ill made us worried=That my sister was ill made us worried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.my being wrong二、功能二、功能(gng
9、nng)及用法及用法(作主语作主语)第九页,共38页。V-ing 做主语做主语(zhy)_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful!_(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowedSwimmingTo swim表示一般表示一般(ybn)或抽象的多次行为或抽象的多次行为具体具体(jt)的或一次性的动作的或一次性的动作第十页,共38页。功能功能(gngn
10、ng)及用法及用法 (用作宾语用作宾语)looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否你是否(sh fu)考虑过找一位挚友考虑过找一位挚友?(一一).(1)只能)只能(zh nn)后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand等。如:等。如:(一一)有些动词
11、只能后接动名词作宾语;有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;(二二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。(有区别)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。(有区别)(三三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.(没大区别)(没大区别)going三。动名词作宾语三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。第十一页,共38页。常跟动词ing作宾语(bny)的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅,考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想,承认推迟没得想,避免错过继续练,避免错过继续练,否认完成停能赏,否认完成停能赏,不禁介意准逃亡,不禁介意准逃亡,不准冒险不准冒险(mo xin)凭
12、想象。凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,pardon admit,delay/put off,fancy avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape forbid,risk,imagine 第十二页,共38页。动词动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelpforget,regret,remember后跟动
13、名词,动名词表示后跟动名词,动名词表示(biosh)已已经发生的动作;后跟不定式表示经发生的动作;后跟不定式表示(biosh)将要发生的动作。将要发生的动作。(二二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语(bny)。(有区别)。(有区别)I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经我忘了曾经(cngjng)给她写过信)给她写过信)I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告诉。)我忘了要告诉。)I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.(see)Remember _me tonight.(call)He r
14、egretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingto tell seeingto callcheatingto say第十三页,共38页。1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke)2.He really must stop_3.I once tried _French(learn)4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6.This wo
15、rd means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke,we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknoc
16、kingto hurtsettingto cleanlaughingwatergetting upworkingto learn第十四页,共38页。(三三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语(bny).(没大区别)(没大区别)1.一些一些(yxi)表示喜好或开始动作的动词表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start continue等,用不定式做宾语和等,用不定式做宾语和v+ing形形式做宾语,意义相差不大式做宾语,意义相差不大1.I started _(work)here two yea
17、rs ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend)their summer vacation in the country.2.need/want/require/deserve doing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.4.We need _ friends(have)5.My hair needs_ (cut)6.My hair needs_.to havecutting.to be cut第十五页,共38页。【考例】Whatdoyouthinkmad
18、eMarysoupset?_hernewbicycle(1997上海高考题)上海高考题)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing第十六页,共38页。解析:解析:losinghernewbicycle是句子的主是句子的主语,谓语语,谓语madehersoupset被省略,被省略,losing在此表示在此表示(biosh)具体的动作。具体的动作。第十七页,共38页。【考例考例】Icantimagine_thatwiththem(MET1986)A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doing 第十八页,共38页。Shelooksforwardev
19、eryspringto_theflower-linedgarden(1995上海高考题上海高考题)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin解析:考查短语动词解析:考查短语动词lookforwardto后后跟动名词作宾语跟动名词作宾语(bny)的用法。的用法。第十九页,共38页。1.在在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果动名词作宾语,如果(rgu)有名词或代词有名词或代词作宾语,则构成作宾语,则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式(宾语补足名词代词不定式(宾语补足语)语)”之
20、形式。如:之形式。如:WedontallowsmokinghereWedontallowanybodytosmokehere第二十页,共38页。2.动词动词need,require,want意为意为“需要需要”时,后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的时,后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语被动式作宾语(bny),意义没有区别。,意义没有区别。如:如:Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaningtobecleaned3.在在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可,意义用不定
21、式作宾语均可,意义(yy)没有没有多多大区别。大区别。第二十一页,共38页。4.动词动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大(jiod),须注意。,须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名后跟动名词,动名词表示已经发生的动作;后词,动名词表示已经发生的动作;后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。第二十二页,共38页。goondoing继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做另一件事接着做另一件事meand
22、oing意味着要做某事意味着要做某事meantodo想要做某事想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事停止做某事stoptodo停下来(别的事)开始停下来(别的事)开始做某事做某事第二十三页,共38页。trydoing试着做某事试着做某事trytodo努力做某事努力做某事beusedtodoing习惯于做某事习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事被用来做某事canthelpdoing禁不住做某事禁不住做某事canthelptodo不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事第二十四页,共38页。【考例】LetshavearestNotnowIdontwanttostop_yet(MET1985)A.stu
23、dyB.tostudyC.forstudyingD.studying解析解析(jix):stopstudying意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。第二十五页,共38页。LetmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalistsDontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(?(1999上海高考上海高考题)题)A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold解析解析:remembertellingme意为意为“记得记得(jde)曾经告诉过我曾经告诉过我”。第二十六页,共38页。1.Wearebothlookingforwardto
24、_nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假休假(xiji)B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation第二十七页,共38页。2.Youmustpayattentionto_theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread3.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watching第二十八页,共38页。4.Themicroscopeisusedfor_minute(微小微小(wi
25、xio)的的)objects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine5.Mikehasgotused_uplateatnight.(stayup)A.tositB.XC.tosittingD.sitting第二十九页,共38页。6.Oncetheheartstops_,death6.Oncetheheartstops_,deathfollowsatonce.followsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatA.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeatingC.beingbeatenD.tobeb
26、eating7.Wearenowbusy_forthe7.Wearenowbusy_fortheexamination.examination.A.toprepareB.preparingA.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingpreparedC.preparedD.beingprepared第三十页,共38页。8.Iremembered_thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee9.Iregret_thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.t
27、osayD.X第三十一页,共38页。10.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid(避免避免(bmin)_others.A.beinginfected(感染感染)B.infectingC.toinfectD.infected11.Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashed第三十二页,共38页。12._providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养营养(yngyng),while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;t
28、obreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed第三十三页,共38页。13.Heattendedthepartywithout_.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited14.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated第三十四页,共38页。15.Onlandmanyobjectspreventsound_veryfar.A.totravelB.travelC.fromtravellingD.totra
29、velling16.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed第三十五页,共38页。17.Remember_thenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback18.Writingstoriesandarticles_whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were第三十六页,共38页。19.Hewasafraid_forbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen第三十七页,共38页。HomeworkNexttimewelllearnOrganicFarmingonPage14.Ifpossible,pleasefindsomeinformation.TodayshomeworkistofinishallExercisesonPage49and50.第三十八页,共38页。
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