2013考研英语真题及答案解析(英语一)完整版.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 1 新东方在线考研资料免费下载中心 2013 考研英语一真题参考答案及解析(新东方在线版)Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)People are,on the whole,poor at cons

2、idering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors.But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by th

3、e daily samples of information they were working with._4_,he theorized that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To _8_this idea,they turned thei

4、r attention to the university-admissions process.In theory,the _9_ of an applicant should not depend on the few others_10_ randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was_11_.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers.The intervie

5、wers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration.The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicants score on the GMAT,a standardized exam which is _16_out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonton found

6、 if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_ that,then the score for the next applicant 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 2 would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound smal

7、l,but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.1.A grants B submits C transmits D delivers 2.A minor B external C crucial D objective 3.A issue B vision C picture D moment 4.A Above all B On average C In principle D For examp

8、le 5.A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless 6.A in B for C to D on 7.A if B until C though D unless 8.A.test B.emphasize C.share D.promote 9.A.decision B.quality C.status D.success 10.A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified 11.A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional 12.A.inspired B.ex

9、pressed C.conducted D.secured 13.A.assigned B.rated C.matched D.arranged 14.A.put B.got C.took D.gave 15.A.instead B.then C.ever D.rather 16.A.selected B.passed C.marked D.introduced 17.A below B after C above D before 18.A jump B float C fluctuate D drop 19.A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard 2

10、0.A necessary B possible C promising D helpful Section II Reading Comprehension Part A 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 4 advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start sh

11、opping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.D lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to A combat unnecessary waste.B shut out th

12、e feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to A accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Vanity h

13、as more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除

14、！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 5 B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,t

15、his fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioral”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that peop

16、le are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsofts Inter

17、net Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the versio

18、n due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are stick

19、ing with Microsofts default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.After all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly o

20、n default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,M Microsofts chief privacy officer,blogged:we believe consumers should have more control.Co

21、uld it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioral”ads help advertisers to:欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 6 A ease competition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers D provide better online servic

22、es 27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce conductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers 28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry C will not benefit consumers D

23、 goes against human nature 29.which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads 30.The authors attitude towards w

24、hat Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgence B understanding C appreciation 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 7 D skepticism Text 3 Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and

25、technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to

26、assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of

27、 surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and

28、there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to st

29、ill be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction

30、writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.Thats one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key

31、to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more like

32、ly to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 8 31.Our vision of the f

33、uture used to be inspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment B our faith in science and technology C our awareness of potential risks D our belief in equal opportunity 32.The IUCNs“Red List”suggest that human being are A a sustained species B a threaten to the environment C the worlds dominant

34、 power D a misplaced race 33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the futur

35、e of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planets abundant resources B adopt an optimistic view of the world C draw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history 35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of th

36、e Human Species 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 9 C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science,Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Adminis

37、tration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.Anarizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal i

38、mmigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,jo

39、ined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers However,the Justices said

40、that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.Thats because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleag

41、ues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privile

42、ges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued the Arizonas laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws

43、complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wante

44、d to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status.It could.never did so.The administration was in essence 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东方在线考研 10 asserting that because it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wishes,no state should be a

45、llowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizonas plan were overturned because they A deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.B disturbed the power balance between different states.C overstepped the authority of federal immigrati

46、on law.D contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?A Federal officers duty to withhold immigrantsinformation.B States independence from federal immigration law.C States legitimate role in immigration enforcement.D Con

47、gresss intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts A violated the Constitution.B undermined the states interests.C supported the federal statute.D stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement

48、A Outweighs that held by the states.B is dependent on the states support.C is established by federal statutes.D rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?A Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！新东方在线考研 新东

49、方在线考研 11 B Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.C Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.D The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B Directions:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most s

50、uitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from al