2016考研英语二真题及详细解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12016 考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Happy people work differently.Theyre more productive,more creative,and willing to

2、 takegreater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent researchpaper._2_,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).Thatsbecause happiness is linked to the k

3、ind of longer-term thinking_3_for making investments forthe future.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that come withhappiness would_5_the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities averagehappiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publi

4、cly traded firms in thoseareas._7_enough,firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness ofthe area in which they were_8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment,or couldsomething else about happier cities_9_why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,theresearc

5、hers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to invest like size,industry,and sales and for indicators that a place was_11_to live in,like growth in wages orpopulation.The link between happiness and investment generally_12_even after accounting forthese things.The correlation bet

6、ween happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors_13_to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”Therelationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness

7、 was spread more_16_.Firms seem toinvest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happinessinequality._17_ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take alonger-term view,the authors believe it at least_18_at that possibility.Its not

8、hard to imaginethat local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future.“Itsurely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creativeand_20_R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.A whyB whereC howD when2.A In returnB In particularC In c

9、ontrastD In conclusion3.A sufficientB famousC perfectD necessary4.A individualismB modernismC optimismD realism5.A echoB missC spoilD change6.A imaginedB measuredC inventedD assumed欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！27.A SureB OddC UnfortunateD Often8.A advertisedB dividedC overtaxedD he

10、adquartered9.A explainB overstateC summarizeD emphasize10.A stagesB factorsC levelsD methods11.A desirableB sociableC reputableD reliable12.A resumedB heldCemergedD broke13.A attributeB assignC transferDcompare14.A seriousB civilizedC ambitiousDexperienced15.A thusB insteadC alsoD never16.A rapidlyB

11、 regularlyC directlyD equally17.A AfterB UntilC WhileD Since18.A arrivesB jumpsC hintsD strikes19.A shapeB rediscoverC simplifyD share20.A pray forB lean towardsC give awayD send outSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by ch

12、oosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science incollege.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said TomCortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons Sch

13、ool of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computerscience,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers but a toolto build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.Its not as hard for them to transform theirtho

14、ught processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks andusing code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase thenumber of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learnin

15、g something about coding before they get to college,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the manycoding bootcamps thats become popular for ad

16、ults looking for a career change.Thehigh-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things theyreinterested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students aredeveloping suggests movies based on yourmood.The students in the Flatiron class p

17、robably wont drop out of high school and build the nextFacebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language theylearned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！3how to think

18、logically through a problem andorganize the results apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an educationconsultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a futurearmy ofcoders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids a

19、re going to be surrounded by computers intheir pockets,in their offices,in their homes for the rest of their lives.The younger theylearn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlierthey learn that they have the power to do that the better.21.Cortina holds tha

20、t early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_.A.complete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their_.A.experienceB.academic backgroundsC.career prospect

21、sD.interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will_.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flati

22、ron students are expected to_.A.compete with a future army of programmersB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to_.A.challengeB.persuadeC

23、.frightenD.misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living onstretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern andsouthwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of thespeci

24、eshistoric range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided toformally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”saidUSFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They hadpushed the agency to d

25、esignate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officialsgreater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优

26、质的文档！4conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with westernstate governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landownerswho control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it

27、 would not prosecute landowner or businessesthat unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a rangewidemanagement plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the planrequires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their

28、operations to pay into afund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also beused to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoringprairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 year

29、s.And itgives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of stateagencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driversseat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are tryi

30、ng to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging itin federal court Not surprisingly,doesnt go far enough“The federal government is givingresponsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,

31、”saysbiologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environ

32、mentalists in that it_Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted ifthey_Aagree to pay a sum for compen

33、sationBvolunteer to set up an equally big habitatCoffer to support the WAFWAmonitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According toAshe，the leading role in managing the species in_Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most like

34、ly support_Aindustry groupsBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDthe plan under challenge欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！5Text 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich.But one specific complaint is made especiallymournfully：Theres never any time to read.What makes the probl

35、em thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seemsufficient.The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30 minutes doesnt work.Sit down to read and the flyw

36、heel of work-related thoughts keepsspinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need.Themodern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined towardcommunicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to

37、interruption”.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which cant beobtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to bemaximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as

38、well spent only inso far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading,by contrast,depends on beingwilling to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item andyoull manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.

39、“Thefuture comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes）as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will havewasted them”.No

40、 mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.Youd thinkthis might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside times flow”into“soul time”.You could limit di

41、stractions by reading only physicalbooks,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which youtemporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a real

42、ly good day,itno longer feels as if youre“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time foreverything else.31.The usual time-management techniques dont work becauseA what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forg

43、et is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure toA update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling re

44、gular times for reading helpsA encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！634.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work ifA reading becomes your primary business of the dayB

45、 all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could beA How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read Extensively

46、Text 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,youngerAmericans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditionalmilestones of a successful life,including gett

47、ing married,having children,owning a home,andretiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line ofa fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adu

48、lts toprioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most byregularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and toma

49、intain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of thesearing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations thatwill increasingly

50、 spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferencesto housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said theybelieve it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generatio