2015年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2015 年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析完整版 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even look

2、ing at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you.But

3、you wouldnt know it，3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4：Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We f

4、ear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket，Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses tha

5、t protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Juliana Schroeder asked commute

6、rs to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their ow

7、n,the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a single person reported having been snubbed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human be

8、ings thrive off of social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.A ticket B permit Csignall D record 2.A nothing B link Canother D much 3.A beaten B guided Cplugged D brought 4.A message B cede Cnotice D sign 5.A under B beyond C behind D from 6.A misinterprete B

9、misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched 7.A fired B judged C replaced D delayed 8.A unreasonable B ungreatful C unconventional D unfamiliar 9.A comfortable B anxious C confident D angry 10.A attend B point C take D turn 11.A dangerous B mysterious C violent D boring 12.A hurt B resis C bend D decay 欢迎

10、您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！13.A lecture B conversation C debate D negotiation 14.A trainees B employees C researchers D passengers 15.A reveal B choose C predictl D design 16.A voyage B flight C walk D ride 17.A went through B did away C caught up D put up 18.A In turn B In particu

11、lar CIn fact D In consequence 19.A unless B since C if D whereas 20.A funny B simple C Iogical D rare 答案：1.signal 2.Much 3.plugged 4.message 5.behind 6.misinterpreted 7.judged 8.unfamiliar 9.anxious 10.turn 11.dangerous 12.hurt 13.Conversation 14.passengers 15.predict 16.ride 17.went through 18.in f

12、act 19.since 20.Simple Section Rea ding Comprehension Part A Directions:Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys.People art actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured peoples cortntlol.Which is it at stress marker.While they were at work and while they were at

13、home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,writes one of the researchers.Sarah Damaske,In fact women

14、say they feel better at work.She notes.it is men not women.Who report being bappicr at home than at work,Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study

15、doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,t

16、hey often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much k

17、now what theyre supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is

18、the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they re teenagers,thre

19、atened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they re your 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,

20、the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home_ Awas an un realistic place for relaxation Bgenerated more stress than the workplace Cwas an ideal place for stress measurement Doffered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.According t

21、o Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothers BChildless husbands C Childless wives DWorking fathers 23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay_ Athey are both bread winners and housewives Btheir home is also a place for kicking back Cthere is often much h

22、ousework left behind Dit is difficult for them to leave their office 24.The wordmoola(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means_ Aenergy Bskills Cearnings 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Dnutrition 25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_ Ahome is hardly a cozier working environm

23、ent Bdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cut Chousehold tasks are generally more motivating Dfamily labor is often adequately rewarded 答案：21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.B childless husbands 23.A they are both bread winners and housewives 24.C earnings 25.B division of la

24、bor at home is seldom clear-cut Text 2 For years,studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such stud

25、ents are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has conti

26、nued to reproduce and widen,rather than close achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential

27、 solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findin

28、s are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsityFirst generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergr

29、aduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential

30、but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of hi

31、gher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resou rces,they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social clas

32、s can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！26.Recruiting more first-generation students has Areduced their d ropout ra

33、tes Bnarrowed the achievement gao C missed its original pu rpose Ddepressed college students 27 The author of the research article are optimistic because Athe problem is solvable Btheir approach is costless q the recruiting rate has increased Dtheir finding appeal to students 28 The study suggests t

34、hat most first-gene ration students Astudy at private universities Bare from single-pa rent families q are in need of financial support Dhave failed their collage 29.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students Aa re actually indifferent to the achievement gap Bcan have a potential

35、 influence on othe r students C may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects Dare inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that-Auniversities often rect the culture of the middle-class 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Bstudents

36、are usually to blame for their lack of resources Csocial class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences Dcolleges are partly responsible for the problem in question 答案：26.C missed its original purpose 27.A the problem is solvable 28.C are in need of financial support 29.D are inexperienced in

37、handling issues at college 30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn

38、 She sta rted spinning off examples.If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey,mission,passion.There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didnt talk about energy；we didnt talk about passion.Koehn p

39、ointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal.Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec.There are lots and

40、lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！increase allegiance to the firm.You have t

41、he importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，saidKhurana This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-l

42、ife balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today,prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundar

43、ies between the office and the home But ifyour work is your passion,youII be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，compa

44、nies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，You can get people to think its nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.In a workplace thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how y

45、our work defines who you are 31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_ Amore e motional Bmore objective Cless energetic Dless energetic Eless strategic 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！32.team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_ Ahistorical incidents Bgen

46、der difference Csports culture Dathletic executives 33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_ Arevive historical terms Bpromote company image Cfoster corporate cooperation Dstrengthen employee loyalty 34.It can be inferred that Lean In_ Avoices for working women Bappeals to pa

47、ssionate workaholics Ctriggers dcbates among mommies Dpraises motivated employees 35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoid it BLinguists believe it to be nonsense CCompanies find it to be fundamental DRegular people mock it but accept it 答案：31.A m

48、ore emotional 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！32.C sports culture 33.D strengthen employee loyalty 34.A voices for working women 35.C companies find it to be fundamental Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure,along with the drop in the

49、 unemployment take to 6 J percent.at good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of

50、 the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people