动词不定式的用法.pdf

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1、动词不定式的用法功能：1.作名词（主语，宾语，表语）2.作形容词（定语）3.作副词（目的状语）一、作名词To go to Wuhan University is my dream.主语补充：it 作形式主语在更多情况下，我们通常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式（即真正的主语）移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。It+be+形容词+不定式 如：It is important to know your own limitations.It+be+形容词+for 引起的短语+不定式 如：It would be best for you to write to him.相关试题解析：It is mo

2、st important for anyonegood friends.A.chooseB.choosingC.chosenD.to choseIt+be+形容词+of 引起的短语+不定式(形容词修饰不定式逻辑上的主语)如：It was silly of you to believe him.(=You were silly to)你相信他是愚蠢的。相关试题解析：It is very wise of youfrom young people.A.to learnB.learningC.to studyD.studyingit+be+名词+不定式It was his duty to attend

3、 to the matter.It was not his habit to ask people for things.it+动词（宾语）+不定式It took me one year to save up for a new coat.How long does it take you to get here?I hope to go to Wuhan University.作 hope 的宾语My dream is to go to Wuhan University.表语只接不定式的动词：V+to dohope,wish,desire,except,decide,determine,pl

4、an,arrange,agree,refuse,threatentips：dream of doing sthbe fond of sthv+sb to do sthto do sth 作宾语（sb）补足语这类动词有：ask,tell,wish,except,force,advise,I wish you to go to the meeting with me.The teacher asks the student to answer the question.hope,demand,suggest 后面不能接动词不定式作宾补补充：believe,consider,declare,prov

5、e,suppose,guess,judge,realize,suppose 等动词后可接不定式 to be 作宾补eg：He declared himself to be a college student.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,look at)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：Who made him work all night long?但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break

6、the window.二、定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat?(to eat 修饰 anything,位于其后)The future to greet us will be bright.I have no wish to quarrel with you.下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abr

7、oad.由 only,first,last,next 以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?三、作副词（状语）动词不定式作状语，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）To look at the picture,yo

8、u would like it.（条件）作目的状语，还可以使用 in order to 或 so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to makeup for the lost time.动词不定式的时态变化：（1）不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或在它之后发生。如：He appears to be very happy.(同时发生)To catch the train,we had better hurry to the station by taxi.(to catch the train 发

9、生在hurry to thestation 之后)（2）不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动作同时发生的动作。如：It happened to be raining when I got there.我到达那里的时候，碰巧下雨了。Im glad to be travelling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。相关试题解析：How did you know the surprising news?I happenedthe event then.A.to coverB.to be coveringC.coveringD.to have covering提示：happen

10、 to do 碰巧做某事（3）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。如：It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.对我来说，应邀来贵国是一件很荣幸的事情。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。相关试题解析：The house is said toearthquakes ten years ago.A.surviveB.survivingC.to surviveD.to have survived(4)不定式

11、的完成进行式完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动作表示的动作之前发生，并且一直持续到现在，还可能继续下去。如：He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.据说他在伦敦一直住了20 年。Im sorry to have been interrupting you.很抱歉一直打扰你。比较：He is said to be studying aboard.据说他正在国外读书。（表示动作正在进行）He is said to have studied aboard.据说他在国外学习过。（表示动作已经完成）（4）不定式的被动式当不定式逻辑上

12、的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成式两种。一般式 to be done：These are the books to be given out to the students.He asked to be sent to his house.他要求被送回家。完成式 to have been done：The novel is said to have been translated to many languages.据说这部小说已经被译成多种语言。（5）不定式的否定式由“not/never+不定式”构成We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.Never to have made mistake is impossible.