高一英语必修4Unit1知识点归纳.pdf

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1、高一英语必修高一英语必修 4 Unit14 Unit1 知识点归纳知识点归纳Unit1 Women of achievementUnit1 Women of achievement重要词汇拓展1 achievement n.成就，功绩achieve v.达到，完成，实现2 welfare n 福利事业，福利3.project n.方案,计划,设计，工程,企业,事业，科研项目;课外自修项目vi.伸出,突出 设想自已处身于(into)4.specialist n.专家，专业工作者special adj.特殊的，专门的specialize vi.专攻，专门从事5.connectionn.连接，关系c

2、onnect v.连接6.conditionn.状况（不可数），条件（可数），环境（复数）on no condition 决不7.organizationn.组织，机构，团体 organizevt.组织;筹备,成立;使加入工会，使有条理8.behave v.举止，表现behavior n.行为，举止9.shade n.阴凉处 v.遮住光线10.worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.worth adj.值，值得be worth doingworthy adj.值得做的，可尊敬的be worthy of sth/b

3、eing donebe worthy tobe done11.observe v.观察，观测，遵守observation n.观察，观测12.respect v./n.尊敬，尊重，敬意respectable adj.值得尊敬的，正派的，体面地respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的13.argue.v.争论，辩论argument n.争论，辩论 argued-adj 引起争论的14.entertainment-n 款待，娱乐 entertain-v 款待；招待，娱乐，抱有，怀着（想法、疑问）15.crowd n.人群，观众 v.挤满，使拥挤crowded adj.拥挤的16.inspir

4、e v.鼓舞，激发inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有灵感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人的inspiration n.鼓舞，灵感17 support v.支持，拥护supporter n.支持者，拥护者18.refer-vi 谈到，查阅，参考19.intend v.计划，打算intention n.打算，目的，意图20.considerate adj.考虑周到的consider v.考虑，认为consideration n 考虑，体谅considering prep 考虑到21.kind adj 仁慈的，和善的，友爱的 kindness n 仁慈，好意，善良22.deliver v.

5、递送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演讲等）delivery n.投递，交货，分娩23.modest adj 谦虚的，谦让的，适度的重点短语梳理1 devoteto(doing)sth.把奉献给 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于 bedevoted to 专心致志于2 human beings 人类3 move off 离开，启程，出发4 lead alife 过着的生活5 crowd in 涌上心头，涌入脑海6 look down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起7 refer to 查阅，参考，谈到(其中，to 为介词)8 by chance 碰巧，凑巧e across 偶遇，碰见

6、10.carry on 继续，坚持carry out 实行，执行，完成11.be dressed in 穿着 dress as 打扮成12.fight for 为.而战fight against 与战斗13.put to death 判死刑14.concern oneself with关注 注意15.intend to do sth./doing sth.打算做某事16.in the shade of 在的树荫下，在的庇护下17.gain doctors degree 获得博士学位18.be considered as 被看做.19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事20

7、.do research on 做方面的研究21.mean to do打算做某事mean doing 意味着22.by now 直到现在重点句型再现1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。（spend+时间/金钱+doing sth花时间或金钱去做某事）2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was sheallowed to begin her project.她的母亲头

8、几个月来帮过她的忙；这才使她得以开始自己的计划。（only 位于句首并修饰状语，句子要发生部分倒装，将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前）3 Following Janes way of studing chimps,our group are all going to visit themin the forest.我们一行人将按照 Jane 研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜访他们。（-ing 作方式状语。注意非谓语动词作状语时的区别：-ing 主动/进行/延续，-ed 被动/过去，to do 主动/将来）4.It seemed that she had been very busy in her cho

9、sen carrer travelling abroadto study as well as writing books and articles 看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究。（It seemed that+从句：似乎是，看起来好像是。as well as 还有）5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration sheshowed to all her patients后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。（What made her succeed主语从句。了解 what 引导的名

10、词性从句的译法，明白它们在句中的成分：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语）语法剖析（主谓一致）主谓一致，指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致。(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有 with,along with,together with,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to 引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。如:Air as well as water

11、 is matter.空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。2.用 and 连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数。如:The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knifeand fork(

12、刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4.用连接的并列主语被 each,every 或 no 修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student wa

13、s absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and(each)woman is asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5.each of+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。6.若主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但 more+复数名词+than one 做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数.如:Many a boy likes playin

14、g basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late.不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。7.none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:None of us are(is)perfect.人无完人。None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。8.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:Hi

15、s clothes are good.但这些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜。9.形复意单名词如:news;以 ics 结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:the United States;报纸名如:the New Times;书名如:ArabianNight;以及 The United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。10.“a+名词+and a half“,“one and a half+名词”,“the number of+

16、名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意:one or two+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。(二)内容一致原则:1.主语中有 all,half,most,the rest 等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%of the apple was eat

17、en by little boy.这个苹果的 60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定数量的词组,如:part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,plenty of等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been e

18、aten up by the pig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3.加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten.15减去 5 等于 10。4.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一个相当的距离。5.(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle 等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2)通常作不可数名词的集体

19、名词.包括 equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage 等.(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括 audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会决定解雇他。6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.(三)就近原则1.由 here,there,where 等

20、引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2.用连词 or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：Neither the students

21、nor the teacher knows anything about it学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意:one of+复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of+复数名词+who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。